Plural of Nouns - Quia



Grammar Snippet:

Plural of Nouns

• Nouns have plural forms

• Most are recognizable by word ending

▪ Kleinigkeit >> Kleinigkeiten

• Vowel change: a>ä, o>ö, u>ü, au>äu

▪ Platz > Plätze

• In dictionary shown as:

▪ Kleinigkeit, -en

▪ Liebling, -e

▪ Brötchen, - (meaning plural is the same)

▪ Reichtum, (¨)-er

▪ Hit, -s

5 reliable plural forms

1. Plural –(e)n without vowel change

a. Feminine: -ung, -keit, -heit, -ei, -schaft, -in (Plural always innen)

b. Foreign word ending: -ik, -tion, -ade, -age, -ette, -ur, -ie, -tät, -in, -ine

c. Masculine persons with foreign ending: -and, -ant, -at, -ent, -ist, -oge, -or

d. Masculine persons and animals ending on –e

|Hoffnung |en |Freundin |nen |

|Kleinigkeit |en |Akrobat |en |

|Dummheit |en |Dirigent |en |

|Streiterei |en |Polizist |en |

|Erbschaft |en |Direktor |en |

|Statistik |en |Kollege |n |

|Tradition |en |Affe |n |

2. Plural –e

a. Masculine nouns: -ling, -teil, (w/o vowel change)

b. Masculine nouns w/ foreign word ending: -al, -är, -ar, -eur, -on (w/ or w/o vowel change)

c. Neuter nouns-German and foreign word ending: -nis (Pl. always –nisse), -zeug, -al, -ar, -ment, -iv (w/o vowel change)

|Liebling |e |Zeugnis |se |

|Vorteil |e |Flugzeug |e |

|Kanäl |e |Signal |e |

|Millionär |e |Exemplar |e |

|Bibliothekar |e |Dokument |e |

|Friseur |e |Stativ |e |

3. Plural w/o change: —

a. Neuter nouns: -chen, -lein, -sel, -er (except. Klöster), -ren, Ge-e,

b. Masculine Persons ending in –er

|Brötchen | — |Fenster |— |

|Kätzlein |— |Gebäude |— |

|Rätsel |— |Bäcker |— |

The plural w/o change have also many masculine nouns ending in –el, -en, -er, -ner (w/ and w/o vowel change) . However this is not always reliable!

▪ Enkel

▪ Kuchen

▪ Messer,

▪ Brüder

▪ Gärtner

Also feminine nouns w/ vowel change:

▪ Mütter

▪ Töchter

4. Plural –er with vowel change

a. Masculine / neuter nouns: -tum

|Reichtüm |er |

|Besitztüm |er |

Plural –er also with many neuter monosyllable nouns, but that is not a reliable rule w vowel change.

• Eier

• Kinder

• Güter

• Tücher

• Häuser

Several masculine nouns w/ vowel change:

• Männer

• Wälder

5. Plural –s (w/o vowel change),

not always 100%!

a. Nouns with vowel ending: Lama, Disco

b. Foreign words: Job, Hit

c. Abbreviations: CD

d. Some masculine nouns: Park, Schal,

e. Plural of names

|Taxi |s |Clown |s |

|Lama |s |Job |s |

|Auto |s |Song |s |

|Pulli |s |Hit |s |

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