Name



Name ____________________________________ Date _____

Leon M. Goldstein High School for the Sciences

J. Zaza, Principal H. Staub, A. P.

Forensic Science - Homework Assignments

#1 Vocabulary – Define the following and use in an appropriates entence

1. Forensic Science 6. physical evidence 11. adamant

2. contemporary 7. cursory 12. cynical

3. deduce 8. inductive reasoning 13. esoteric

4. germane 9. heinous 14. intrinsic

5. salient 10. prototype 15. moot

#2 – Chapter 1

a. List the functions of a forensic scientist

b. How does forensic science differ from traditional science

#3 a. What are the tools of forensic science?

b. Where was one of the first crime labs formed?

c. Which 4 federal agencies offer Forensic Science?

d. What are the major areas in Forensic Science? What do they examine?

#4 a. What is the significance of Frye v. United States?

b. What is the companion case to Frye v. United States?

How did the companion case amend Frye v. U. S.

c. What is the expert witness’ role in the courtroom?

5. Chapter 7

a. Explain the difference between:

1) virtual image and real image.

2) Compound Microscope & comparison microscope

b. Why is the stereomicroscope considered versatile?

#6 a. Why is a polarizing microscope used?

b. Why is the SEM microscope special?

#7. Review Questions: All

#8 . Define the following and use in an appropriate sentence

1. identification 6. capricious 11. brusque

2. comparison 7. volume 12. mass

3. temperature 8. duress 13. density

4. crystalline 9. impeccable 14. cogent

5. sequester 10. malfeasance 15. refute

#9. a. List the common types of physical evidence found at a crime scene.

b. Define individual characteristics.

c. Define class characteristics.

d. Give an example of one piece of physical evidence that has both types of characteristics.

#10. a. Explain the value of class characteristics.

b. Why do criminalists use comparison analysis of physical evidence.

c. Answer the review questions, Chapter 3 (1-12 (even numbers)

11. The crime scene – Chapter 2

a. Explain why physical evidence is important to criminalists.

b. Describe three methods for recording the crime scene?

#12 a. Briefly describe how physical evidence should be collected and packaged

when it is time to remove it from the crime scene.

b. . What is a “chain of custody? Why maintain it?

c . What is the Fourth Amendment?

1. Explain why Mapp v. Ohio is important.

2. Why is Michigan v. Tyler important?

#13. Vocabulary: Define the following

1. exonerate 6. bizarre 11. circumvent

2. homogenous 7. refraction 12. microscope

3. fracture 8. crystalline 13. cache

4. concentric lines 9. versatile 14. wanton

5. radial lines 10 refractive index 15. incarcerate

#14 Chapter 4

a. Why is soil valuable as evidence?

b. Explain what the density-gradient tube technique consists of

c. How should soil evidence be collected and preserved?.

#15 a. How is glass particles usually characterized?

b. How is glass collected and preserved for evidence?

c. Review questions: 19-39: even

#16 Chapter 15

a. What is the difference between lands and grooves?

b. Explain the purpose of having rifling?

c. Explain how the study of bullets and cartridges lead to a particular firearm.

d. How can distance from where the firearm was discharged be found?

e. What information can be learned from gunshot residue?.

f. How do you collect firearms?

#17 a. How can the location of the shooter be determined? – Handout

#18 a. Review Questions: Chapter 15 : 1-26: Even.

#19

1. When physical evidence from a crime scene is insufficient to establish a lead in a case, how can an investigator gain more information?

2. How is that information obtained during a criminal investigation?

3. How would you distinguish between an interview and an interrogation?

4. How can an investigator document an interview?

5. Describe the interview process.

#20

1. How is information obtained during a criminal investigation?

2. What criteria will affect the competency of a witness?

3. What factors must be considered to evaluate the credibility of a witness?

4. How reliable are eyewitnesses? Explain your answer.

5. What are some characteristics of an unwilling witness?

6. How can an investigator document an interrogation?.

7. .Does the Miranda decision prevent a suspect from answering questions posed by police investigators

#21 Vocabulary: Define the following

1. pigment 4. morphology 7. diameter 10. cuticle

2. hair follicle 5. hair medulla 8. cortex 11. hair shaft

3. garrulous 6. regeneration 9. restitution 12. appendage

#22 Chapter 8:

a. List three ways to identify hair

b. What is the basic tool used for identification

c. Compare & contrast human hair & deer hair

#23 Chapter 8:

a. Can hair be individualized: explain your answer

b. How should hair evidence be collected

c. Review Questions: 1-18: even only

# 24

If any of the following statements are false, rewrite it to make it true.

1. Osteoblasts are bone building cells..

2. Bones can help us determine the age, sex and health of a person.

3. Female hips have a subpubic angle less than 90 degrees.

4. Male skulls tend to have a lower, more sloping frontal bone than female skulls.

5. It is possible to estimate someone’s height based on the length of a humerus.

6. Approximate age can be determined by studying the suture lines of the skull.

7. A woman’s skull is usually bumpy compared to a man’s skull.

8. A man’s jaw line usually forms a 90-degree angle.

9. If a person were right handed, then the skeleton on the left side would be slighter larger than the skeleton on the right side.

10. Mitochondrial DNA contains no genetic information from the father.

#25

1. Describe the features you would expect to find in a female skeleton, age 40.

2. Describe the process of ossification of the skull.

3. Calculate the approximate height of a Caucasian male if the following bone is found:

Show all work.

a) radius bone = 25 cm

b) humerus bone = 30 cm

c) ulna bone = 21 cm

3b.. Suppose that the two bones found in question 3 were his ulna and humerus. Calculate his height using both bones. Show all work.

3c. Explain which value for height should be more accurate and why.

#26: The Romanoffs – handout with questions

#27 Vocabulary: Define the following

1. organic chemistry 4. inorganic chemistry 7. neutron

2. electron 5. proton 8. elements

3. chromatography 6. spectroscopy 9. isotope

#28 Chapter 5

a. List and briefly compare the 4 types of chromatography

b. Why is chromatography considered a good analytical technique

c. Review questions: 1-17 Even (Include 17)

d. Review questions: 24-42 even (include 33)

#29 Chapter 16

a. What methods must a document examiner use to determine the authenticity of a document?

b. How can a document examiner arrive at success?

a. What type of applications must be used to determine how a document has been altered? (Make a list of the alteration and the discovery technique used)

b. What is a common technique used to compare ink?

#30 Typewriting Comparisons:

1. How can the make and model of a typewriter be identified?

2. Can a particular typewrite be identified as having prepared the questioned document?

#31 Handwriting Analysis

a. What is the most obvious feature of handwriting?

b. How does handwriting become an individual characteristic of physical evidence?

c. List 4 variations of handwriting that can become individual .

a. What constitutes a sufficient number of personal characteristics between known and questioned documents?

b. Read “Collection of Handwriting exemplars” and briefly summarize.

#32 Review questions: 1-14, even (check out the odd numbers)

#33 Chapter 6

a. Why are trace elements useful in comparing some types of physical evidence?

b. What is the difference between: emission spectroscopy and

absorption spectroscopy

#34 Chapter 6 Review questions: 2-32: even only

#35 Vocabulary

1. antibody 4. DNA 7. protein

2. antigen 5. gene 8. precipitin test

3. chromosome 6. RNA 9. corroborate

#36 Chapter 12

a. List and describe three tests used to identify blood

b. What are 4 steps used to type dried bloodstains?

c. What information can a criminalist derive from bloodstains?

d. How are blood and bloodstains preserved?

#37 Chapter 12

a. Who is Karl Landsteiner?

b. How many blood factors are known?

c. List two problems with dried bloodstains.

d. Define: genotype. phenotype

e. What care should be taken with a blood transfusion? Explain why?

#38 Review: 1-20 even and #s 34, 38, 40-48 even.

#39 Vocabulary: Define:

1. demeanor 5. ethnic 9. forte 13. polymer

2. impeccable 6. venue 10.synthetic 14. acrylic

3. ubiquitous 7. pigment 11. diameter 15. dye

4. morphology 8. retrospect 12. repeal

#40 Chapter 8

a. Compare & contrast natural fibers with man-made fibers

b. What is a polymer: give two examples of a polymer

c. Can fibers be individualized? Explain

#41 Chapter 8

a. How should a criminalist identify man made fibers?

b. How should a criminalist compare man made fibers?

c. How should fiber evidence be collected?

#42 Review questions: 19-32: even only

#43 Chapter 14

a. Who developed the first system of identifying fingerprints?

b. What is the primary classification for fingerprints?

c. What does AFIS stand for?

d. Describe the different fingerprint patterns.

#44 Chapter 14

a. What is the difference between visible and latent fingerprints?

b. How are prints preserved?

c. Review questions 2-20 even

#45 Chapter 15

a. What is the primary consideration in collecting impressions at the crime scene?

b. How many points of comparison should be made to conclude that the suspect show was from the crime scene?

#46 Review questions 26-30

#47 Vocabulary: Define the following

1. depressant 4. stimulant 7. narcotic

2. hallucinogen 5. analgesic 8. amphetamine

3. barbiturate 6. acid 9. base

.#48 Chapters 9, 10

a. What is the difference between psychological dependence and physical dependence?

b. List an example of: hallucinogen, depressant, stimulant

#49 a. What is the challenge of forensic drug identification?

b. How is the drug’s identify determined?

c. Briefly list the tests done to indicate a drug’s presence and identification

d.. How is drug evidence collected and preserved?

e. List three techniques usually used to screen for drugs?

f. What is the role of the toxicologist?

#50 Review questions: chapter 9: 2, 6, 10, 12, 20, 32, 34, 42, and 45

Review questions: chapter 10: 2, 5, 6, 14, 24, and 32

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