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SSA Pretest 7th1. Earth’s spheres interact in many ways. Which of the following is the BEST example of the hydrosphere and atmosphere interacting?A. A heavy snowfall adds mass to a glacier.B. Polluted air kills several animal species.C. Magma erupts and releases trapped gases.D. Ocean currents influence weather patterns.2. The cryosphere and biosphere are two components of Earth’s systems. What is one way that the cryosphere and biosphere interact?A. A glacier picks up rock and sediment as it moves down a valley.B. Heavy rains bring an end to a dry period on the African savannah.C. A volcanic eruption destroys the plants on an island.D. A melting glacier provides fresh water for plants and animals in the valley below the glacier.3. The graphs below show the average temperature range and average precipitation in Denver,Colorado.3. Which data would you use to make a statement about Denver's climate?A. the average temperature rangeB. the average monthly precipitationC. the highest values for each of the graphsD. a combination of all the data on the graphs4. When people talk about the conditions outside, they often confuse the terms weather and climate. What is the difference between weather and climate?A. Weather conditions change daily but climate conditions do not change.B. Weather describes the conditions of the atmosphere and climate describes the pattern of weather over a long period of time.C. Weather describes the conditions of the atmosphere and climate describes the average temperature.D. Climate describes the average precipitation while weather describes the average temperature.5. Cara read an article on why repetition and replication are so important, but she did not understand the difference between them. Which of the following best explains the two terms?A. Repetition is when a scientist conducts an experiment the first time; replication is when the scientist conducts the experiment again after a few years.B. Repetition is when a scientist does the same experiment a number of times; replication is when other scientists reproduce a scientist’s experiment.C. Repetition is when a scientist publishes in more than one scientific periodical; replication is when another scientist reproduces another scientist’s results.D. Repetition is when a scientist commits an error in an experiment the first time and must repeat it; replication is when a scientist repeats an experiment to make sure it is valid.6. Models can help answer some, but not all, scientific questions. Which scientific question below would be best answered by using a model?A. How do wolves communicate with each other?B. How does temperature affect the rate of water evaporation?C. How do the positions of the sun and the tilt of Earth cause seasons?D. What insect-repelling chemicals are found in the wood of redwood trees?7. A model can represent an object, system, or process. Why do all models have limitations?A. because all models are two-dimensionalB. because a model includes every factor that affects itC. because a model is smaller than the thing it representsD. because a model is never exactly the same as the thing it represents8. Scientists began exploring the ideas that make up the current atomic theory more than 2,500years ago. Since that time, many models of the atom that were once accepted by scientists have been abandoned and replaced. Why have atomic models changed over time?A. A model is abandoned when it is discovered to have limitations.B. New models have been developed as new information is discovered.C. The discovery of each new element requires the development of a new atomic model.D. Scientists discovered that models do not provide a useful way to show or explain scientific concepts. 9. Which best explains the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?A. A law is developed by scientists; a theory is developed by engineers.B. A law is based on evidence; a theory is based on ideas.C. A theory can become a law; a law cannot become a theory.D. A theory explains a set of observations; a law describes a pattern in nature.10. Scientists in all branches of science have developed scientific theories. Which of the following statements is true about all scientific theories?A. Scientific theories are not widely accepted when they are first developed.B. Scientific theories are based on large amounts of evidence.C. Scientific theories will become scientific laws if enough scientists support them.D. Scientific theories are based on the work of individual scientists.11. Consider the following hypothesis: “The time it takes for sugar to dissolve in water depends on the temperature of the water.” Which of the following is the test (independent) variable for an experiment that would be designed based on the hypothesis?A. the amount of sugar placed in the waterB. the temperature of the water in which the sugar is placedC. the type of sugar placed in the water12. The Andromeda Galaxy is about one million light years from Earth. This galaxy is the most distant object in space that can be seen with the unaided eye. Based on this information, what can you infer about the Andromeda Galaxy?A. The galaxy is one of the newest parts of the solar system.B. The galaxy is closer to Earth than all the other stars.C. To an observer on Earth, the galaxy appears brighter than the sun.D. To an observer on Earth, the galaxy appears as it did one million years ago.13. Objects in outer space include planets, stars, and galaxies. Which of the following objects is farthest from Earth?A. Triangulum GalaxyB. NeptuneC. North StarD. Sun 14. Flowering plants are complex organisms composed of various structures that work together to perform specific functions. What type of structure is formed by a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function?A. an organismB. an organC. a tissueD. an organ system15. Cells carry out all of the life functions. Which of the following identifies the units that make up cells?A. organelles and organ systemsB. organs and organellesC. atoms and tissuesD. atoms and molecules16. An important characteristic for cells is the ability to maintain homeostasis. Which of the processes below helps to regulate the amount of materials inside cells?A. elimination of wastesB. locomotionC. cell divisionD. using energy 17. The cell membrane constantly moves materials into and out of the cell to help the cell maintain homeostasis. Which word is best used to describe what happens as a result of homeostasis?A. growthB. changeC. stabilityD. reproduction18. Lucia was looking at cells with a microscope. She knows the cells are classified as either plant cells or animal cells. How can she confirm that these cells are plant cells?A. Observing a small vacuole in the center of the cells.B. Observing a cytoplasm that contains lysosomes.C. Observing a cell membrane surrounding the entire cell.D. Observing a cell wall outside of the cell membrane.19. Helena wrote the names of organelles on index cards. She then wrote the functions of the organelles on other index cards. Which of the following is a correct pair between the name and function of organelles?A. mitochondrion: directs activities in the cellB. ribosome: makes proteinsC. nucleus: supplies energy for the cellD. cell wall: stores water and other liquids20. Darren conducted an experiment on the effect of different types of drinks on athletic performance. He gave milk to one group of runners, water to another group of runners, and a low-sugar sports drink to a third group of runners. He timed how long it took each group to run 100 meters and then averaged each group’s times. He repeated the experiment three times and compiled his results in the table below.6667515303500 BEVERAGES AND THEIR EFFECT ON RUNNING TIMESWhich of the following reasons best explains why Darren repeated his experiment?A. He was trying to obtain different experimental results.B. He did not perform the experiment correctly the first two times.C. He wanted to insure that his results were more reliable.D. He knew that all experiments should be performed exactly three times.21. At one time, fungi, like mushrooms, were classified in the same kingdom as plants. Today, fungi are classified in their own kingdom. Which statement best summarizes why fungi and plants are now classified in separate kingdoms?A. The discovery of new evidence led to a reclassification of fungi.B. Advancements in technology showed that fungi and plants are closely related.C. The plant kingdom was getting too large, so scientists divided it into two kingdoms.D. Plants and fungi both contain cell walls and share more characteristics than separate them.22. Kaylee reads an article that states that the frequency of chirping by crickets is related to the temperature of their environment. She wants to conduct an experiment to see if this is true.Kaylee states this hypothesis: Crickets chirp more frequently when the temperature of their environment increases. What is the outcome (dependent) variable in Kaylee’s experiment?A. temperature of environmentB. frequency of chirpingC. number of cricketsD. type of cricket23. Every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits. This information is carried within the cells of the organism. Which of the following best describes hereditary information in eukaryotic cells?A. Genes are made up of chromosomes. Chromosomes and genes are found in the cell’s cytoplasm.B. Chromosomes are made up of genes. Chromosomes and genes are found in the cell’s cytoplasm.C. Genes are made up of chromosomes. Chromosomes and genes are found in the cell’s nucleus.D. Chromosomes are made up of genes. Chromosomes and genes are found in the cell’s nucleus.24. Some organisms reproduce sexually and have two parents. How does the genetic information of a new organism produced through sexual reproduction compare to the genetic information of its parents?A. It is an exact copy.B. It is completely different.C. It is opposite from its parents.D. It is a blend of the genetic information of its parents.25. This pedigree chart shows how a trait is passed on in a family.Based on this chart, which two individuals have “the trait”?A. two sistersB. the father and the motherC. the grandfather and a granddaughterD. the grandmother and a grandson26. For a particular trait, B is dominant to b. Which of the following genetic crosses would be expected to result in 50% of the offspring showing the phenotype of the dominant allele and 50% showing the phenotype of the recessive allele?A. BB x BbB. Bb x BbC. Bb x bbD. bb x bb27. All organisms require energy to carry out the processes that keep them alive. Which of the following is a process that organisms use to obtain the energy they need from food?A. cellular respirationB. chemosynthesisC. photosynthesisD. transpiration28. The word equation below summarizes a process that organisms use to obtain energy from food.Glucose + Oxygen ? Carbon dioxide + Water + EnergyWhat process is represented by the equation?A. cellular respirationB. decompositionC. photosynthesisD. cellular transpiration29. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy in sunlight to drive a chemical reaction. What happens to the light energy that is used to carry out photosynthesis?A. It is given off as green light by the leaves of the plant.B. It is used up and destroyed during the chemical reaction.C. It is changed into matter that is used to make new leaves.D. It is converted into chemical energy that is stored in glucose and oxygen.30. Food chain show the flow of energy in an ecosystem. How does a food chain illustrate the law of conservation of energy?A. It shows how energy stored in food moves from one organism to another.B. It shows how sunlight is converted into the matter making up organisms.C. It shows that the energy used by plants for photosynthesis disappears.D. It shows that energy is destroyed by the last animal in the chain.31. According to the law of conservation of energy, what happens to mechanical energy if the potential energy of an object decreases?A. Mechanical energy decreases. B. Mechanical energy increases. C. Mechanical energy remains unchanged. D. There is no mechanical energy. 32. The following equation illustrates the chemical reaction that occurs in a plant.???????????? ? water + carbon dioxide + light energy = sugar + oxygenBased on the law of conservation of energy, what happened to the light energy in the reaction?A. It was destroyed. B. It was produced by the plant. C. It was changed into oxygen gas. D. It was converted into chemical energy stored in the sugar. 33. Katrina replaced the batteries in her camera with rechargeable ones. Later as she was recharging the batteries, Katrina told her mother “I am creating energy so that I can use these batteries again!” What was Katrina actually doing?A. removing energy B. repairing energy C. destroying energy D. transforming energy 34. Melinda was heating a pot of water on the stove. She had 1.0 L of water at 90 °C, and she added 1.0 L of water at 10 °C from the tap. What was the temperature of the water once it was mixed togetherA. 50 °C because the cold water adds energy to the hot waterB. 100 °C because the temperatures would add togetherC. 50 °C because energy travels from the hot to the cold water.D. 80 °C because the temperatures would subtract35. As a rule, what happens when energy as heat flows between two objects at different temperatures?A. The temperatures of both objects decreases. B. The temperatures of both objects increases. C. The temperatures of both objects do not change. D. The temperatures of both objects change until they are both the same. 36. The illustration below shows a chemical at four different temperatures. The chemical is a liquid at temperature 1, a gas at temperatures 2 and 3, and a solid at temperature 4. At which temperature is a reaction most likely going to be slowest?A. temperature 1 B. temperature 2 C. temperature 3 D. temperature 4 26.37. Fireflies emit flashes of light because of chemical reactions, which occur in their abdomens. The rate of the chemical reactions determines the rate at which fireflies flash. As the reactions occur faster, the fireflies flash quicker. What can you infer about fireflies?A. Fireflies flash faster during colder weather. B. Fireflies flash slower during colder weather. C. Temperature does not change the rate at which fireflies flash. D. Some fireflies flash faster and some flash slower during colder weather. 27.38. Cory read that the temperature influences the rate of biochemical reactions in insects. He hypothesized that as the rate of reactions increased, the cicadas would “sing” more. So he decided to perform an experiment. He measured the temperature and recorded the sounds of cicadas every three hours for an entire day. The graph below shows the temperatures he measured. TEMPERATURE IN CORY’S BACKYARD FOR ONE DAYLooking at his temperature data, when did Cory most likely record the most cicada noise?A. around 6 a.m. B. around 1 p.m. C. around 3 p.m. D. around 12 a.m. 28.39. Which of the following is most likely evidence of a chemical change?A. An object gets smaller. B. An object changes state. C. A substance gives off heat and light. D. A substance no longer occupies the same volume. 40. Dry ice changes from a solid directly into a gas at room temperature. The process of a change of state from a solid to a gas is called sublimation. What does sublimation demonstrate?A. a chemical reaction B. a physical change C. a chemical change D. a new substance ................
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