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About three weeks after starting school, Fred experiences a feeling of fatigue, with muscle aches. He develops fever, sore throat and a dry, hacking cough. His doctor sees a red, inflamed throat, but hears no abnormal sounds in Fred's lungs. He tells Fred he is suffering from influenza. The doctor instructs Fred to go home, rest, drink plenty of fluids, and to expect his illness to last about two weeks. He also warns Fred that he should return to the office if he suddenly feels worse, and his fever rises or if he begins to cough up thick or colored mucus. The doctor explains these problems could indicate pneumonia. 1. ??Identify both the diagnosis and the prognosis of Fred's illness, and explain the difference between these two terms. ??Diagnosis- is the determination of the nature and cause of a patient’s illness. Influenza virus was his diagnosis. Influenza can be identified by nasal washes, nasopharyngeal swabs, or throat swabs test.Prognosis- The probable outcome of a disease or a disorder. The duration of if the influenza is uncomplicated is 3 to 7 days. Fatalities related are rare except in debilitated individual such as over 65 years old, in a nursing home, people with chronic pulmonary or cardiovascular disease and people with diabetes.2. List the symptoms of Fred's illness, then list the signs. SignsNonproductive cough FeverRed, inflamed sore throatSymptoms The onset is usually abrupt Muscular achingHeadacheSore throatNasal CongestionNonproductive coughHigh feverChillsMalaise3.Describe the difference between a symptom and a sign.Symptom is a subjective (what the patient tells you). A sign is objective and can be recognized or measure by the doctor to be evidence of the disease. 4.Explain why Fred's doctor did not prescribe an antibiotic. When would his doctor prescribe an antibiotic? ??Influenza is a virus and does not respond to antibiotics. Antibiotics are only used for treatment of bacterial complications. There are antiviral agents that can be initiated within the first 2 days of illness. 5.What possible complication of Fred's illness is described? ??Pneumonia. If his cough becomes productive, suddenly feels worse, or fever rises he should return.6.If Fred reads about his disease, he will find what etiology listed? ??Influenza is caused by influenza viruses A or B and occurs in epidemics each winter between December and March. The mode of transmission is from person to person by breathing in aerosolized virus or direct contact. Avian influenza A virus is transmitted from infected birds to people in close contact with the birds and is rare person-to-person transmission.7.Describe all of the things you would tell a person on prevention of this disease. ?It is transmitted by large particle droplets about 3 feet from source; generated by sneezing, coughing, or talking. Annual vaccinationCover nose and mouth when cough or sneezeWash handsKeep in a private room or house with others of the same infection; avoid leaving the house if possible when infected.Wear mask when working within 3 feet of affected personLimit person transport to only when necessary and place a surgical mask on themGoodman, C. C. (2009). Pathology: Implications for the Physical Therapist. St Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier ................
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