PDF Vocabulary and Spelling - Windsor C-1 School District

[Pages:33]Vocabulary

and Spelling

Vocabulary and Spelling 285

Name ___________________________________________________ Class _________ Date ____________________

Unit 14: Vocabulary and Spelling

Lesson 86

Building Vocabulary: Learning from Context

You can often figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word through context. The context of a word is the words and sentences that surround it. The chart below lists different kinds of context clues.

TYPE OF CONTEXT CLUE Definition The meaning of the unfamiliar word is stated in the sentence.

CLUE WORDS

that is in other words or which means

EXAMPLES

The soldiers tried to camouflage, or disguise, the tanks.

Example The unfamiliar word is explained through examples.

like such as for example for instance including

Wild animals use many forms of habitation, such as dens, burrows, and nests.

Comparison The unfamiliar word is shown to be similar to a familiar word.

Contrast The unfamiliar word is shown to be different from a familiar word.

too also likewise similarly

but on the other hand unlike however

The lead driver accelerated; those behind him sped up, too.

The suspect evaded the police for several days, but they finally caught him.

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Vocabulary and Spelling

Exercise 1 Draw a line under the word or words that help you understand the italicized word in each sentence. Circle the clue words. Write the meaning of the italicized word in the blank.

I always avoid toxic plants such as poison ivy. poisonous

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1. Alicia did not like the curfew in her town. For example, if she had to be home by 8:00 P.M., she could not study late in the public library. rule for being home by a certain time

2. Unlike Kenji, who fidgets constantly, Chiyo sits calmly at her desk during class. moves around constantly; is restless

3. The foraging raccoons also searched for food in the campgrounds. searching for food 4. The dodo bird is extinct; the passenger pigeon, too, is no longer in existence.

no longer in existence

5. The papers were scattered haphazardly, which means they were thrown every which way. thrown every which way

6. The desks were cumbersome, on the other hand, the chairs were easy to manage. hard to manage

7. Some placards called for the mayor's recall; other posters called for his impeachment, too. posters

8. The cabin at the lake is rudimentary; in other words, we cook in the fireplace and sleep in sleeping bags on the floor. basic

9. Some of Esperanza's exercises were strenuous. However, others were much easier to do. difficult to do

10. The motel sign read "Vacancy," that is, rooms were still available. an empty space 11. The county helped with the national census; the city also assisted with the population

count. population count 12. Our cistern was overflowing, unlike the other wells in the community. well 13. Penny was aloof at first, but she became more friendly after a few days at her new

school. unfriendly 14. Haloke is resourceful; for instance, he can find a solution to any problem.

capable of finding solutions to problems 15. Conifers, such as pines and firs, stay green all through the winter. trees such as pines

and firs 16. The robbers' cache, or hiding place, was discovered by hikers. hiding place

288 Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 7

Vocabulary and Spelling

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Name ___________________________________________________ Class _________ Date ____________________

Lesson 87

Building Vocabulary: Word Roots

A root is the main part of a word, and it carries the main meaning of the word. By knowing the meanings of common word roots, you can usually figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words. Study the word roots and their meanings on the chart. When a word root is a complete word, it is called a base word.

ROOT script means "writing"

WORD inscription

MEANING something written

spec means "see" or "look"

spectacles

aud means "hear" duct or duce means "lead" pel or pul means "push"

audible conductor repellant

ject means "throw" port means "carry" dict means "tell" or "say"

reject portable dictator

devices that improve eyesight can be heard leader of an orchestra substance that pushes insects away throw back can be carried sole ruler

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Vocabulary and Spelling

Exercise 1 Draw a line under the root of each word. Using a dictionary when needed, write a short definition of each word.

spectacle something seen that is unusual or entertaining 1. reporter person who gathers news 2. auditorium large gathering room with seats, such as in a school or theater 3. projector machine that shows films 4. prescription an order written by a doctor 5. spectators people who look at something 6. dictate command or order

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7. introduction speech or writing that leads to something else 8. export product carried out of a country 9. propulsion process of driving forward 10. contradict to say the opposite of 11. prospector person who searches for something, usually riches or treasure 12. description detailed account that is often written down 13. porter person who carries luggage 14. audience people gathered to hear or see an event 15. propellers devices that push a plane or boat forward 16. conduct lead 17. eject throw out 18. rejection refusal 19. audition a tryout, usually for an acting or singing role 20. suspect someone under watch

Exercise 2 Draw a line under the word that best fits the definition in parentheses. I cannot compel you to study. (force)

1. The speculators filled the stock exchange. (people looking for business opportunities) 2. I object to your tone of voice. (am opposed) 3. The new drapes reduced the noise in the large room. (made smaller) 4. The silly clown made a spectacle of himself. (something viewed that is amusing or

unusual) 5. The boss gave dictation to her secretary. (spoken words) 6. The public transportation situation in the city has grown worse. (the carrying of people

and goods) 7. I found that strange word in the dictionary. (book of words in the language) 8. Will you subscribe to that new magazine? (order or sign up for)

290 Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 7

Vocabulary and Spelling

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Name ___________________________________________________ Class _________ Date ____________________

Lesson 88

Building Vocabulary: Prefixes and Suffixes

A prefix can be added to the beginning of a word and a suffix can be added to the end of a word. Prefixes and suffixes change the meanings of root words. The spelling of a word can change when a suffix is added.

Prefixes un-, dis-, non-, im-, and il- usually mean "not" or "the opposite of"

PREFIXES

Examples unwrapped dishonest nonprofit immortal illogical

Meanings not wrapped not honest not for profit not mortal not logical

re- means "again" or "back" super- means "above" or "beyond" sub- means "below" or "under" fore- means "front" or "before" post- means "after" uni- means "one" bi- means "two" tri- means "three"

reheat

supersonic

subzero

forenoon

postwar unicycle biweekly triangle

heat again

above the speed of sound

below zero

before noon

after the war one-wheeled vehicle every two weeks with three angles

Exercise 1 Using a prefix and a base word, write a new word in the blank that matches the definition.

One-wheeled bicycle unicycle

1. not legal illegal

6. every three months trimonthly

2. not true untrue

7. beyond the natural supernatural

3. the opposite of comfort

8. the opposite of sense nonsense

discomfort

9. soil under the surface subsoil

4. undersea vehicle submarine

10. the front of the head forehead

5. apply again reapply

11. not expensive inexpensive

Unit 14, Vocabulary and Spelling 291

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Vocabulary and Spelling

Name ___________________________________________________ Class _________ Date ____________________

12. not approve disapprove

16. the opposite of practical

13. to date after today postdate

impractical

14. state again restate

17. front paws forepaws

15. two-winged airplane biplane

18. over heated superheated

Suffixes -ship and -hood mean "state of" or "condition of"

-ment means "act of" or "state of"

-ward means "in the direction of" or "toward"

-ist means "one who"

SUFFIXES Examples neighborhood friendship management

homeward

archaeologist

-ish means "like"

-ous means "full of" or "like"

-al means "like" or "having to do with"

childish courageous

alphabetical

Meanings state of being neighbors state of being friends act of managing

toward home

one who studies archaeology like a child full of courage

having to do with the alphabet

Vocabulary and Spelling

Copyright ? by Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Exercise 2 Use a base word and a suffix to form a new word that matches the definition.

1. one who studies science

8. act of improving improvement

scientist

9. full of peril perilous

2. toward the sky skyward

10. state of being false falsehood

3. act of being excited excitement

11. having to do with logic logical

4. state of being a leader leadership

12. one who studies geology geologist

5. one who writes novels novelist

13. one who plays the violin violinist

6. having to do with tradition

14. full of thunder thunderous

traditional

15. like a boy boyish

7. full of humor humorous

16. toward the sea seaward

292 Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 7

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