*Unit: Six



Unit: Six (No man is an island)

Level: Second years.

Streams: All streams.

Course: Reported speech, questions and commands.

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☻ Reporting statements with the introductory verb in the present and/or future tenses.

|Direct speech |Indirect (reported) speech |

|Tom says, “I am fine”. |Tom says that he is fine. |

|“ The sun is shining”, Jerry is saying. |Jerry is saying that the sun is shining |

|“ I will see you after the party”. She tells me. |She tells me that she will see me/us after the party. |

|He will probably say/is going to say/ has said, “We have left it at home” |He will probably say /is going to say/ has said that we/they have left it at |

| |home”. |

☻ Reporting statements with the introductory verb in the past tense.

|Tenses |Direct speech |Indirect (reported) speech |

|The present |“ I am busy now”, I said. |I said that I was busy then/at that time. |

|(simple – cont. | | |

|– perf) | | |

| |Cathy said “I never work on Sundays” |Cathy said that She never worked on Sundays |

| |“Ann is doing her homework”, Mother said. |Mother said that Ann was doing her homework.. |

| |“We have seen your car in the garage yesterday.” The policemen told|The policemen told me that they had seen my/our car in the garage the |

| |me. |day before. |

|The past |Condolesa said, “I wrote a letter to the president after my visit”.|Condolesa said that She had written a letter to the president after |

|(simple – cont. | |her visit. |

|– perfect) | | |

| |“ You were driving too fast”, they said. |They said that we/I had been driving too fast. |

| |I told them, “He had left since the year 2000”. |I told them that he had left since the year 2000. |

|The future |“I shall fly to Paris next July”, Ahmed promised. |Ahmed promised that he should fly to Paris the following July. |

|(simple. – cont.| | |

|– perfect) | | |

| |The boss announced, “John will be working here this summer |The boss announced that John would be working there that summer |

| |holidays”. |holidays. |

| |“ I will have finished the correction by two o’clock”. Kaddour |Kaddour declared that by two o’clock, he would have finished. |

| |declared. | |

| | | |

|The |She said, “I would be very happy if you…………..” |She said that she would be very happy if I / we ……………………. |

|conditional | | |

| |“ If pupils ……….., they would have succeeded”. Many teachers |Many teachers thought that if pupils ……….., they would have succeeded.|

| |thought. | |

|Modals |Can |Could |

| |May , might |Might |

| |Must , has/have to |Had to |

| |should |should |

☻ Some changes (backshifts) concerning pronouns, demonstratives and time expressions

|Features |Direct speech |Indirect (reported) speech. |

|Pronouns |I |I / She / He |

| |We |We / They |

| |My |My / His / Her |

| |Our |Our / Their |

| |Me |Me / Him / Her |

| |Us |Us / Them |

|Demonstratives |Here |There |

| |This |That |

| |These |Those |

|Time expressions |Now |Then |

| |Today |That day |

| |Tonight |That night |

| |Yesterday |The day before/ the previous… |

| |Tomorrow |The following day/ the day after |

| |Hour-day-month-week-year ago |Hour-day-month-week-year before |

| |Ago …….. |….before |

| |Next ……. |The following …/The ….after |

| |Last …….. |The previous…./ ….before |

☻ Reporting questions, commands and requests.

| |Direct speech |Reported (Indirect)speech |

|‘WH’ |-“What have you done?” He asked her. |-He asked her what she had done. |

|questions |-The tourist wanted to know, “Where is the bank?” |-The tourist wanted to know where the bank was. |

| |- “What was it?” The mother asked her niece. |-The mother asked her niece what it had been. |

| |-“Who colonized Algeria?” The history teacher asked us. |-The history teacher asked us about/ who had colonized Algeria |

|‘Auxiliary ’|-She asked me, “Do you really love me?” |-She asked me if I really loved her. |

|questions |-“Did it rain heavily last summer?” I asked. |-I asked whether it had rained heavily the previous summer. |

| | |-Jane wanted to know if I/we would send her my/our photo(s) in my |

| |-Jane wanted to know “Will you send me your photo in your next letter?” |/our following letter(s). |

| | |-The teacher wanted to know if we/they had finished. |

| |-“Have you finished?” The teacher asked. | |

|Imperatives |-“Present your essays on Monday!” The teacher ordered us. |-The teacher ordered us to present our essays on Monday. |

|and commands|-“Do not talk to your mate!” He added. |-He added not to talk to my/our mates. |

| | |-The boss ordered me angrily to go out . |

| |-“Go out!” The boss shouted at me angrily. |-He ordered her to stop smoking. |

| | | |

| |-He ordered her “Stop smoking!” | |

|Polite |-“Be quiet please, the baby is taking a nap” My mother said. |-My mother asked me to be quiet, the baby was taking a nap. |

|requests |-“Can you help me, please?” An old man asked me. |- An old man asked me (politely) to help him. |

| |-“Would you please help me do this activity tonight?” Suzie’s friend asked her.|- Suzie’s friend asked her to help him/her do that activity. |

|Reporting questions with the introductory verb in the present and/or future tenses. |

| |Direct speech |Indirect (reported) speech |

|Yes / no – |-“Are you tired?” They want to know. |-They want to know if I / we am/are tired. |

|WH… | |-They will ask me /us whether I/we will be there the following |

|questions |-They will ask you “ Will you be here tomorrow?” |day. |

| |-“What have you done with the money?” The father asks his son. |-The father asks his son (about) what he has done with the money.|

| |-They have been asking each other “Where are we? Are we lost?” |-They have been asking each other where they are, and if they are|

| | |lost. |

Sometimes the whole statement is shortened in a newer form regardless of its tense and/or introductive verb. Those instances are usually common with situations to express thanks, apologies, advice, confessions suggestions. Look at the following examples:

|Functions |Direct (quoted) speech |Indirect (reported) speech |

|Expressing thanks. |-Ali told me," Thank you for your help". |-Ali thanked me for my help/helping him. |

|Expressing apologies |-" I'm very sorry. I'm late", She said. |-She apologized for being late. |

|Making suggestions. |-"Hi friends! Let's go to the zoo.", Condoliza told us. |-Condoliza suggested going to the zoo. |

| Giving advice. |-My doctor said," Why don't you eat less and practise |My doctor advised me to eat less and(to) practise sport. |

| |sport?" | |

| Rejecting/denying. |-"We did not cheat in the exam.", pupils told their Math’s|- Pupils denied / rejected cheating in the exam |

| |teacher. | |

|Admitting/ confessing. |- "Yes we did. We robbed the bank", the five thieves said.|- The five thieves admitted that they robbing the bank. |

A reminder: Remember that the tenses must be changed so often. Here is the tenses’ shift.

|The tense in |The tense in |Remarks |

|quoted speech |reported speech | |

|- Simple present |- Simple past | |

|- Present continuous |- Past continuous | |

|- Present perfect simple |- Past perfect simple | |

|- Present perfect continuous |- Past perfect continuous | |

|- Simple past |- Past perfect simple | |

|- Past continuous |- Past perfect continuous | |

|- Past perfect simple |- Past perfect simple |No change |

|- Past perfect continuous |- Past perfect continuous |No change |

|- Simple future |- Conditional | |

|- Future continuous |- Conditional continuous | |

|- Future perfect simple |- Conditional perfect |Rarely used |

|- Conditional |- Conditional |No change |

First step

Activity One: Re-write the following statements into indirect speech.

1) The reporter said “The police arrested two dangerous criminals”.

1-a)- The reporter said …………………………………………………………..

2) “ Who died in the plane crash last weekend?” A curious reporter asked me.

2-a)- A curious reporter wanted to know ………………………………………

3) He says, “I will visit Algeria next year”.

3-a)- He says …………………………………………………………………..

4) “I have been watching TV for three hours yesterday night”. Amina told me.

4-a)- Amina told me ……………………………………………………………

5) “Do you live in a large house?” They asked her.

5-a)- They asked her …………………………………………………………..

6) Morice informed me “I take driving lessons every Friday”.

6-a)- Morice informed me …………………………………………………….

7) “ Keep silent, or go out”. The teacher warned a pupil.

7-a)- The teacher warned a pupil ………………,or………………………………..

8) “Don’t forget to take your medicines every day”. My doctor advised me.

8-a)- My Doctor advised me ……………………………………………………

9) “Show me these photos, please”. Suzy was asked by her nephew.

9-a)- Suzy was asked by her nephew ……………………………………………

10) The boss is asking his new secretary “Can you read and write?’

10-a)- The boss is asking his new secretary ……………………………………...

Second step

Activity Two: Re-write the following statements into direct speech.

1) He said, “…………………………………………………………………………………..”

1-a)-He said that he was repairing the car that day.

2) Charlie told his neighbors , “ …………………………………………………………...…”

2-a)-Charlie told his neighbors that he would fly to Alexandria the following day.

3) Charlie promised, “………………………………………………………………………..”

3-a)-Charlie promised that he would phone them if he arrived on time at the airport.

4-a)-That little orphan told me, “………………………………………….…………….” Or;

4-b)-That little orphan told me, “……………………………………………………………..”

4) That little orphan told me that he had never gone to the zoo.

5) I said to him, “……………………,and……………………Otherwise………………..”

5-a)-I advised him to respect the law, and not to drive quickly. Otherwise he might make an accident.

6) She asks her sister, “……………………………………………………………………...?”

6-a)-She asks her sister if she knows how to make pies.

7-a)-The teacher asked his pupils, “……………………………………………………?”

7) The teacher asked his pupils whether they had questions about reporting short questions.

8) Jill said, “…………………………………………………………………………………..”

8-a)-Jill said that she wanted to go on holidays but she did not have enough money.

9) I said, “……….……………………………………………………………………………”

9-a)-I suggested going either swimming or fishing.

10) Susie’s nephew said, “……………………………………………………………………”

10-a)-Suzie’s nephew asked her politely to show him her photos of that summer vacation.

11-a)-my sister wanted to know, “………………………………………….………….?” Or;

11-b)-My sister wanted to know, “……………………………………………………...…?”

11)My sister wanted to know if I had been watching that movie the previous night.

Third and final step

Activity Three: Transform the following dialogue into a small paragraph by transforming the statements into indirect speech. Use the pronoun {He}for both characters.

‘Tom’ ( the famous ,funny and blue cat)met ‘Jerry’ (the small and troublesome mouse) at home last night, and they had a talk. This is their dialogue:

Tom: “ Good evening little pal! It is very nice to see you getting fatter everyday”. (1)

Jerry: “…evening pussycat! And I am so glad to discover that you are getting foolish, stupid and lazier every minute”. (2)

Tom: “I have a good news to tell you”. (3)

Jerry: “ All right! Let me hear what is turning in your empty computer! (meaning his mind).

Tom: “I shall eat you tonight”. (5)

Jerry: “Uhuhhuha! If you can catch me, why do not you do so now?” (6)

Tom: “ Do you think I am unable to trap you?” (7)

Jerry: “ Of course, I do. Come on! Let the fighting start now!” (8)

In order to get the text fully completed, you should transform every message indicated by its corresponding number in the dialogue.

* Start like this:

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Well, it is time for practice. Ready? Go fore it, then!

*** Revision and consolidation***

*Levels: Second and third years.

*Streams: All streams.

*Course: Reported speech, questions and commands.

• Teacher: Mr.Ahmed GUEBBOUH

Last night, ‘Tom’ met ‘Jerry’ at the small garden in front of their house. The cat greeted the mouse and said that ……….(1)……… The mouse greeted back the cat in an informal way and said …………(2)……….. . Next, Tom told jerry that ……..(3)………….. “All right”, replied the small and disturbing little animal. He added ………….(4)…………………. (meaning the cat’s empty head).The truly foolish cat did not get angry. Instead, he promised the mouse that ……………(5)………… Jerry laughed at the threatening promise and said, using a conditional sentence, that …………(6)………..The surprised cat asked his little fellow …………(7)………… “Of course, I do”, replied Jerry very confidently and ………....(8)……………..The fighting really began, I was watching them, but Tom was never able to catch the mouse who kept jeering and laughing throughout the battle.

Your teacher: Mr.Ahmed GUEBBOUH

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