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Deshawna Fisher Gerardo Sandoval Karina Mendoza Raffi Kazarian Selina MenendezAnnotated Bibliography"10 Animals That May Go Extinct In The Next 10 Years." YouTube. YouTube, 21 Apr. 2014. Web. 23 Apr. 2015. In this video it shows the animals that will later begin to go extinct because of loss of habitat, which changes the way they live. Animals are being affected by deforestation because there are less trees to absorb and differences in amount of coverage for shelter which lessens things like food, loss of habitat, no trees to climb and many more. With deforestation it has already made many animals of unknown species extinct and as it continues it will only create more of destruction to animals natural habitat. Without the trees it alters the animals habitats and decreases availability of food and water."Air Pollution China." . Cargo Cycling, 18 June 2009. Web. 23 Apr. 2015.China is one of the most polluted countries in the world. A photograph on the websiteshowing a thick layer of gray smoke over the city. The picture was taken in Ningbo City.Most of China’s air pollution problem comes from the US and Europe. Many of theirfactories are located in China, so all the emissions and chemicals are being released intothe air. The factories create the product then get shipped out to its respective markets. Airpollution gets blown around with the air, so this air will be scattered all over the worldeventually."Amsterdam Rainforest." Eric Asp. N.p., 20 June 2014. Web. 23 Apr. 2015.In this picture I like to best describe it as life before destruction because it shows how life possibly was for animals before deforestation. Not having to worry about being uncomfortable in their own habitat. It shows the trees were as hugged together creating the right temperature and shelter. Before logging, forest fires abandon land etc. I believe this the way it should still be.AquarielCharms. “Colin Firth & Survival International Save the Aw? People – Awa.” Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 16 Sep. 2013.Web. 24 Apr. 2015.The video comes from an organization known as Survival, a global movement that fights for the rights of tribal people. In the video, it starts off in the forests of Brazil, the home to many indigenous people including the Awá tribe. Throughout the video, the forests have been burned and cut down, leaving the Awá tribe with no land to live in. Speaker Collin Firth, a British actor and activist, is shown at the end of the video explaining how the logging industry is illegally clearing vast forests for timber and kills many Awá people from getting in the way. The Awá tribe is considered as one of the most threatened tribes around the world because of the loss of these forests. Firth ends by proposing the people to send a message to Brazil’s Minister of Justice in catching the loggers from destroying more homes from the Awá tribe. This video offers and supports my argument that deforestation is affecting the lives of many indigenous people, both physically and culturally. "B.C. Air Quality." The Causes of Ozone Depletion. British Columbia, n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2015.The ozone is extremely important in our everyday lives. It acts as sunscreen to the world, blocking off all the sun’s harmful rays. ODS are ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons, carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform. ODS have a lifespan of up to several centuries. The ODS have no harm in the lower atmosphere, it is when they rise up the ozone layer is when we have a problem. All of these gases, are produced from a product we have made as humans. When the ozone depletes the sun’s rays become stronger, which leads to temperature and sea level rising, also leads to skin cancer.Broder, John M. "Climate Talks Yield Commitment to Ambitious, but Unclear, Actions." The New York Times. The New York Times, 08 Dec. 2012. Web. 25 Apr. 2015.The Kyoto Protocol was created in December 11, 1977; it was created to help limit the amount of pollutants being released in the air. Delegates from more than 190 nations agreed to prolong the effect of the Kyoto Protocol, not really explaining how they will fix the pollution issue. The United States of America is not including in the 190 nations that met in Qatar. They have only helped vulnerable countries financially. The gap is spreading further and further between what the nations promise and how many pollutants they release into the air. This is a two-way street the Kyoto Protocol will not be effective if the nations are not honoring their word. ?Cerda, Artemi. “The Impact of Citrus Production. An Approach from the Soil System.”?GSoil.N.p., 25 Dec. 2012. Web. 23 Apr. 2015. In this blog they mainly focus on the citrus planation in Valencia, Spain. Citrus fruits are highly valuable in Spain, so they carry a great economic importance. Due to that very reason, they started adapting a new production system that would allow them to produce citrus crops along steep slopes. However, they weren’t aware that this new production system would bring along with it extreme soil erosion rates, that they now suffer with. Dean, and Daniel. "WATCH WHAT YOU'RE CHOPPING." Enviropedia -. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. In this picture it shows the expectations for future amazon forest due to the cause of deforestation. It also allows us to see how fast the decrease in species habitat is decreasing. With forest decreasing it brings harm to the species habitat that live from within. This picture affects the future for animals to become more threatened and endangered as they are already."Deforestation Effects, Causes, And Examples: Top 10 List."?Science Heathen. N.p., 12Dec.2012. Web. 27 Apr. 2015.This source was really helpful because it was primarily about the effects, causes and examples of deforestation. It gave me an insight of how deforestation affects more than just soil erosion. It’s also the cause of a massive number of species extinctions. This article also has different sections, which are dedicated to other topics that are based on deforestation. Interesting enough they mention that the decline of the Roman Empire is a story of deforestation, soil exhaustion and erosion, thoroughly explaining that concept. Drollette, Daniel. “A Plague of Deforestation Sweeps Across Southeast Asia.” Yale Environment360. The Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, 20 May 2013. Web. 24 Apr.2015.This map shows the loss of forests in the Greater Mekong region from 1973 to 2009. The map comes from the article, “A Plague of Deforestation Sweeps Across Southeast Asia” in which the author Daniel Drollette states that, “Forest area in the Greater Mekong region has been reduced from about 140 million hectares, or 73 percent of the land area, in 1973, to less than 100 million hectares, or 51 percent of the land area, in 2009.” I chose this map not only to show how the loss of these forests but how it created social conflict and the migration of thousands of locals in the Greater Mekong Region. Expertanswer (Expertsvar in Swedish). "Effects of deforestation and expansion of agriculture in Peruvian highland jungle." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 24 October 2011. In the article, “Effects of deforestation and expansion of agriculture in Peruvian highland jungle” an environmental science researcher named Lina Lindell, demonstrates how slash and burn agriculture is bad. She illustrates how the Peruvian highland jungle is experiencing deforestation due to the subsistence farms practicing the slashing and burning agriculture method. In the article it mentions, “The transformation of the landscape is being carried out through slash and burn, a land-use technique that is unsustainable given today's population density.” According to Lina Lindell’s studies, it discusses how the slashing and burning agriculture because of the burning procedure impact the soil."Go Vegan To Save The Amazon Rainforest from Deforestation!" YouTube. YouTube, 24 Feb.2015. Web. 24 Apr. 2015.In this video it expresses the importance of the forest and how we continue to destroy it, which causes species habitat to be changed. A solution is to go vegan so that animals can continue to live in their natural habitat. This way millions of them won't be evicted from their homes each year, causing long-term harm to our wildlife. "Javan Rhino Now Extinct in Vietnam, WWF Says." . N.p., 25 Oct. 2011. Web. 24 Apr. 2015. In this picture it is a Javan Rhinoceros. In this picture it is a Javan Rhinoceros. This animals are often looked about as closely related to dinosaurs. It has been said that their horns are a cure for cancer. They are often hunted for their horns and are victims of deforestation. Deforestation leads loss of habitat, which gradually causes the animals so die. Also by starting to wonder off looking for food and water lead them to getting hunted and dying. In fact nbc new announced July 2004 the last one had been killed and they are now extinct in Vietnam. This act of killing the animals called poaching. It is an illegal hunting, killing, and capturing the wild animals. This is a sad view to see and it isn't fair to the animals.Klesick. "Cover Crops, Soil Fertility, and Labeling."?Klesick Family Farm. Purple Turtle, 10Oct. 2011. Web. 23 Apr. 2015.This article was useful because it was really informative; it gave me an insight regarding cover crops. It explained how croplands benefit from the use of cover crops and its primary use, which is to prevent soil erosion. The Klesick family owns their own farm and found croplands to be very beneficial for growing healthy food. They are attempting to help others and give feedback from their own experiences. Kunii, Osamu, Takashi Amagai, Yoshiharu Hisamatsu, Sombo Yamamura, Iwao Yajima, ShuzKanagawa, and Ir. Ismail. “The 1997 Haze Disaster in Indonesia: It’s Air Quality andHealth Effects.” Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal,57.1?? (2002): 16-22.The image above illustrates the faces of four impoverished children walking through the smoke in an area where only a few trees remain standing. This took place in Indonesia where biomass burning was a common phenomenon, clearing 3.5 million hectares of forests and harming the living conditions of nearby communities, resulting in tragic death. The reason I chose this picture was to show how these innocent children are vulnerable to the effects deforestation brings. Nevertheless, do they even know the damaging affects they are encountering as they inhale and walk through this threatening situation. Lang, Chris. “The Story of REDD: A Real Solution to Deforestation?” REDDMonitor. 1 May2012. Web. 06 May 2015.These images come from a video of the organization REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). The reason I chose this portion of the video is to show the audience how ‘deforestation is driven by a lack of clarity about who owns the forest’. Therefore the local governments lack the political will to regulate deforestation rates. That is why in developed countries; poor communities that live nearby forests are vulnerable in the effects deforestation brings. That is why I chose this video, to show how their corrupted government overlooks them, which ironically is their responsibility to ensure the rights of these locals and provide land use policies. Marsh, Linda. "California's Air Pollution Causes Asthma, Allergies and Premature Births." Discover Magazine. Discover Magazine, 7 June 2013. Web. 26 Apr. 2015.California has more than half of dirtiest cities located in the United States. Air pollutioncauses Asthma, premature deaths and allergies. Asthma is a chronic disease, when mucusfills up the airways and the person has trouble breathing. The ports of Los Angeles andLong Beach only add to the pollution rate, there are already about 12 million cars thattravel on the freeway every day. Each household has an average of two cars. From theports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to Riverside, is the exhaust-filled corridor, a city of300,000 residents. Then there is “The Other California,” which is California’s CentralValley, where farming, industry, traffic, and the location of the buildings make it one ofthe dirtiest in California.Ortega Arango, Santiago. "Erosion a Huge Contributor to Flood Disasters – Experts."?Erosion aHuge Contributor to Flood Disasters – Experts. N.p., 23 Apr. 2013. Web. 23 Apr. 2015.In this article Ortga Arango went through the reasoning of how soil erosion impacts flooding. He explained in detail that deforestation also plays a role in floods too. The most important aspect in this event is the sediments that are lost from soil erosion that find their way into the bottom of rivers. He also mentions Colombia’s Magdalena River as an example of every aspect that he mentions that can lead to flooding. Pimentel, David, Pimentel, Marcia. “Energy use in agriculture: an overview.” Agricultures Network. LEISA Magazine, Mar. 2005. Web. 2 May 2015.In David and Marcia Pimentel’s article, “Energy use in agriculture: an overview” discusses how early slash-and-burn agriculture, with a 20-year rotation, was sustainable. According to David and Marcia Pimentel they described the appropriate hectares when practicing agriculture, for example, “A minimum of two hectares were required to produce food for one person – or up to ten hectares for a family of five. The cultivated hectare of land could be used for about two years before the nutrients were depleted. The land then had to be set aside for a 20-year fallow period to restore the nutrients and productivity of the soil.”Rosenberg, Matt. “Geography of Agriculture.” About Education. , 2015. Web. 19 April 2015.In the article, “Geography of Agriculture” Matt Rosenberg introduces background information about agriculture by discussing the two agriculture revolutions that occurred and the two types of agriculture practices. Rosenberg illustrates how the first agriculture revolution that took place was considered to be when society transitioned from hunters and gatherers into agriculture. According to Matt Rosenberg, “The beginnings of agriculture did not just occur in one place but appeared almost simultaneously around the world.” Society acknowledged a new and easy way of obtaining food, simply by growing it in your own backyard, rather than going into the wild to hunt for it. Schwartz, Jill. "Alternatives to Wood." . World Wildlife Fund, 13 Jan. 2015.Web. 28 Apr. 2015.This source comes from The World Wildlife Fund, a conservation organization that preserves nature and decreases the dangers of both species and the environment. Jill Schwartz, author of the article, provides the alternative of replacing trees with bamboo. Trees contain natural fibers that are utilized to make pulp, –the base for considerable measure of items like toilet paper– and there are other plants like flax, hemp, and wheat straw that also carry pulp and can be restored with trees. Bamboo is a renewable resource that grows way much faster than trees. Another alternative would be to use the wood that been?discarded as trash, like from whine barrels and abandoned farms. This article helped me find the solutions needed to fight deforestation. It helped me realize that we do have the power in stressing industries to make changes. "Soil Erosion – Causes and Effects."?Soil Erosion – Causes and Effects. Queen's PrinterForOntario, n.d. Web. 28 Apr. 2015.This source was really informative about all the different forms of erosion. It went into detail about soil, wind, and water erosion. It had examples and images to refer to each different form of erosion. It emphasized on the causes and effects of each, while also going in depth to make the reader understand the concepts. “Solutions: Advance Sustainable Agriculture.” Union of Concerned Scientists. Union ofConcerned Scientists, 2015. Web. 6 May 2015.In this article, “Solutions: Advance Sustainable Agriculture” it introduces sustainable agriculture practices such as organic fertilizers, crop rotation, and cover crops, this can be successful in meeting our food needs while avoiding the harmful impacts of industrial agriculture. Stief, Colin. “Slash and Burn Agriculture.” About Education. , 2015. Web. 2 May 2015In the article, “Slash and Burn Agriculture” Colin Stief mentions how the slash and burn agriculture is a method of agriculture and how only subsistence farming uses this method. According to geography intern, Colin Stief “Today, between 200 and 500 million people, or up to 7% of the world’s population, uses slash and burn agriculture.” He discusses the negative aspects in the slashing and burning agriculture procedure, such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, erosion, soil nutrition loss, and eventually desertification. Throughout the article “Slash and Burn Agriculture” it illustrates the steps in order to practice this method of agriculture. For example, you start the slashing and burning in the forest, as soon as the land is cleared that area is known as swidden, which the area is used for a short period is then left for a longer period in order for the vegetation to grow. “The Value of Soil.”?YouTube. YouTube, 16 Apr. 2013. Web. 05 May 2015This video was created by the organization ELD, The Economics of Land Degradation, which is committed to studying the economic benefits of land and land based ecosystems. Throughout the video they explain that our actions, attempting to extract the maximum yield from the soil, leads to the overuse of land. We aren’t thinking about our future but only about the present, with that in mind we have to act upon the danger of mistreating this nonrenewable resource known as soil. "Union Oil Refinery - San Pedro." Union Oil Refinery. Mesothelioma Cancer Alliance, 5 Feb.2015. Web. 23 Apr. 2015.Located right next to the 110 freeway, across the San Pedro Harbor. The Union Oil Company of California was founded in 1890. They are a major petroleum exporter and marketer. In 1909, the Union Oil Company created funds to eventually create a refinery in San Pedro to ship crude oil. An earthquake in 1933 caused severe damage to the refinery. Two tanks caught fire and another exploded, causing the tanks to be shut down until proper repaired. Asbestos was used in the building material because of it high tolerance to heat. Soon after asbestos was being mixed into everything, such as benches, counter-tops and lab equipment. Asbestos can significantly harm a living organism. ?Wang, Lucy. “INFOGRAPHIC: Celebrate International Day of Forests with These ImportantForest Facts.” Inhabitat Sustainable Design Innovation Eco Architecture Green Building.Inhabitat, 20 Mar. 2015. Web. 06 May 2015.This infographic supports my main argument in how deforestation has generated issues for millions of people because they depend on the forests for large demands such as medicine, food, and small agriculture to materials we can find in our own homes like walls, floors, furniture and paper. As this infographic shows, almost 1 in 4 people rely on the forests and 240 million people actually live in them; creating jobs for developing countries and generating money for both men and women. That is why I chose this infographic; to exemplify the importance trees are for humans. We need them in order to survive! "What We Do to Protect Endangered Species - National Wildlife Federation." Nwf. N.p., n.d.Web. 24 Apr. 2015. This caricature helps to explain how in order to help out the species and their habitat we need to protect and support them with laws. Also how animals have a right to remain alive in their natural habitat. We can help protect the animals by strengthening the endangered species act and informing others to save the environment because we are all a part of it.Wong, Edward. "Hundreds of Chinese Cities Don’t Meet Air Standards, Report Finds." The New York Times. The New York Times, 21 Apr. 2015. Web. 25 Apr. 2015.China is also known for being one of the most polluted countries in the world. A study from the Chinese government shows 90 percent of 360 cities failed to meet national air quality standards in the first three months of this year. China burns a lot of coal in its densely populated cities, which releases harmful chemicals into the air. The study was based off of to find the particulate matter called PM 2.5, it is extremely dangerous because it can penetrate in your lungs and enter your bloodstream. In average PM2.5 in the cities were 66 micrograms per cubic meter, the national standard in 35 micrograms per cubic meter. Only 32 cities met, the national standard made by the Chinese Government. Nearly 40 percent of the cities were measured at double the national standard. China is one of most polluted countries in the world. ?? ................
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