Lu
Physical Activity During GrowthEffects on Bone, Muscle, Fracture Risk and Academic PerformanceJesper Fritzcenter349948500DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONby due permission of the Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.To be defended at Ortopedens F?rel?sningssal, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 22, Malm?, January 13, 2017, at 09.00.Faculty opponentProfessor Mats B?rjessonGymnastik och Idrottsh?gskolan Stockholm and Sahlgrenska akademin G?teborgOrganizationLUND UNIVERSITYClinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences Document nameDOCTORAL DISSERTATIONDate of issueJanuary 13, 2017Author(s)Jesper FritzSponsoring organizationTitle and subtitlePhysical Activity During Growth – Effects on Bone, Muscle, Fracture Risk and Academic PerformanceAbstractPhysical activity (PA) enhances bone mass, bone structure and muscle strength, traits associated with low fall and fracture risk. Since the greatest effect of PA on musculoskeletal health occurs during childhood, increased PA for all children could be a strategy to improve these traits. Since PA may also influence brain development, cognition and concentration, it has been postulated that physical activity may enhance academic performance.The Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study is a population-based prospective controlled exercise intervention study with one school as intervention school and three other schools as control schools. In the intervention school we increased the amount of physical education (PE) per week from the Swedish standard of 60 minutes to 200 minutes. Meanwhile, the control schools continued with 60 minutes of PE per school week.We included all children (aged 6–8 years) who started first grade in these schools from 1998 to 2012 and followed them for seven years regarding fractures, using our digital radiographic archive (cohort A – 3,534 children). Children starting school between 1998 and 2000 were invited to musculoskeletal evaluations during seven years, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone parameters such as areal bone mineral density (aBMD), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) for bone structure such as cortical thickness, and computerized dynamometer (Biodex) for muscle strength (evaluated by isokinetic peak torque) (cohort B – 261 to 264 children depending on evaluated trait). To evaluate academic performance, we included all children who finished 9th grade from 2003 to 2012 in all of Sweden (cohort C – 1,161,807 children) and in the intervention school (cohort D – 633 children) and evaluated the grade scores and eligibility for upper secondary school programs in both cohorts. We could thus compare the academic results within and between the groups before the intervention was initiated (finished school in year 2003 to 2006) and with the intervention (finished school in year 2007 to 2012).The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of fractures in the intervention group compared to the control group decreased with each year of the intervention (r=–0.79; p=0.036). Girls in the intervention group gained more spine aBMD during the seven-year study period (p<0.05) and had higher cortical thickness (p<0.05) after seven years intervention than girls in the control group. Both girls and boys in the intervention group gained more muscle strength than their respective control group (p ranging from <0.05 to <0.01). With the intervention, the proportion of boys eligible for upper secondary school increased by 7.3 (1.4, 13.2) percentage points (pp) and the overall grade points increased by 13.3 (3.1, 23.5) points among boys. This thesis concludes that a long-term PA intervention program initiated in pre-pubertal children reduces the fracture risk with each year of intervention, and improves skeletal traits in girls, muscle strength in both genders and academic performance in boys. Key words Academic performance, Children, Fracture risk, Muskuloskeletal traits, Physical activityClassification system and/or index terms (if any)Supplementary bibliographical informationLanguageEnglishISSN and key title1652-8220 ISBN978-91-7619-384-6Recipient’s notesNumber of pages 85PriceSecurity classificationI, the undersigned, being the copyright owner of the abstract of the above-mentioned dissertation, hereby grant to all reference sources permission to publish and disseminate the abstract of the above-mentioned dissertation.Signature Date Physical Activity During GrowthEffects on Bone, Muscle, Fracture Risk and Academic PerformanceJesper Fritzcenter349948500Financial support for this study was received from ALF, Region Sk?ne FoUU, Centre for Athletic Research (CIF), Herman J?rnhardt Foundation, Greta och Johan Kock’s Foundation, Maggie Stephen’s Foundation, Sk?ne University Hospital (SUS) Foundations and Clinical Osteoporosis Research School (CORS).Copyright Jesper FritzClinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences and OrthopedicsSk?ne University Hospital, Malm?Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SwedenISBN 978-91-7619-384-6ISSN 1652-8220Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:3Printed in Sweden by Media-Tryck, Lund UniversityLund 2017Content TOC \o "1-3" \u Abstract7Abbreviations9Original Papers10Glossary11Introduction13Fractures13Skeleton15Physiology15Growth, peak and decline18Bone strength19Risk factors20Measurements20Muscle24Physiology24Muscle strength25Measurements25Academic School Performance26Physiology26Measurements28Physical activity29Falls and Fractures29Skeleton30Muscle31Academic School Performance31Adverse effects32Aims37General37Specific37Hypothesis39Research questions41Material and methods43The Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study43Fracture registration44Measurements45Academic performance51Statistical methods52Summary of papers53Paper I53Paper II54Paper III55Paper IV56General discussion57Osteoporosis and fracture risk57Musculoskeletal traits60Academic performance61Strengths of the studies63Limitations of the studies64Conclusions65Future perspectives67Summary in Swedish – Popul?rvetenskaplig sammanfattning69Acknowledgements71References73AbstractPhysical activity (PA) enhances bone mass, bone structure and muscle strength, traits associated with low fall and fracture risk. Therefore PA has been suggested as a strategy to improve musculoskeletal health in the population to decrease the incidence of one of the largest and most costly health problems in the world, osteoporosis and related fractures. Since the greatest effect of PA on musculoskeletal health occurs during childhood, and since there is no clinically useful way of knowing who will develop osteoporosis later in life, increased PA for all children could be a strategy to decrease osteoporosis in the population of future generations. Speaking of future generations, since PA may also influence brain development, cognition and concentration, it has been postulated that physical activity may enhance academic performance. Since the proportion of Swedish children who finish the 9th and final year of compulsory school without eligibility for upper secondary school programs has increased during recent decades, increased PA in school could also be a strategy to reverse this negative trend. Previous prospective pediatric PA intervention studies are short-term, use specific training programs and only use surrogate endpoints both for fractures and academic performance. The Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study is a population-based prospective controlled exercise intervention study, designed to evaluate the effect of PA on musculoskeletal development, fracture risk and academic performance in children. This thesis presents the outcome after 7–9 years of the program. In the POP study, one school was chosen as intervention school and three other schools in the same area with the same socioeconomic background were chosen as control schools. In the intervention school we increased the amount of physical education (PE) per week from the Swedish standard of 60 minutes to 200 minutes, given as one lesson of 40 minutes for each of the five school days per week. Meanwhile, the control schools continued with 60 minutes of PE per school week.We included all children (aged 6–8 years) who started first grade in these schools from 1998 to 2012 and followed them for seven years regarding fractures, using our digital radiographic archive (cohort A – 3,534 children). Children starting school between 1998 and 2000 were invited to annual lifestyle and musculoskeletal evaluations during seven years, using questionnaire for lifestyle factors, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone parameters such as areal bone mineral density (aBMD), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) for bone structure such as cortical thickness, polar strength strain index (SSI) and cortical bone mineral mass distribution in several tibial sites, and computerized dynamometer (Biodex) for muscle strength (evaluated by isokinetic peak torque) (cohort B – 261 to 264 children depending on evaluated trait). To evaluate academic performance, we included all children who finished 9th grade from 2003 to 2012 in all of Sweden (cohort C – 1,161,807 children) and in the intervention school (cohort D – 633 children) and evaluated grade scores and eligibility for upper secondary school programs in both cohorts. We could thus compare the academic results within and between the schools before the intervention was initiated (finished school in year 2003 to 2006) and with the intervention (finished school in year 2007 to 2012).The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of fractures in the intervention group compared to the control group decreased with each year of the intervention (r=–0.79; p=0.036) and during the seventh year it was almost halved (IRR 0.52 95% CI 0.27, 1.01). Girls in the intervention group gained more spine aBMD during the seven-year study period (p<0.05) and had higher cortical thickness (p<0.05) and greater SSI (p<0.05) at the 66% tibia site after seven years intervention than girls in the control group. In girls in the intervention group these enhancements were accompanied by greater mineral mass in the lateral, anterior-medial and medial sectors of the tibia both at the 66% and the 38% sites (p ranging from <0.05 to <0.001) than controls. We found no skeletal differences between intervention and control boys. Both girls and boys in the intervention group gained more muscle strength than their respective control group (p ranging from <0.05 to <0.01). With the intervention, the proportion of boys eligible for upper secondary school increased by 7.3 (1.4, 13.2) percentage points (pp) and the overall grade points increased by 13.3 (3.1, 23.5) points among boys. This resulted in both higher eligibility rate (+8.3 pp) and higher overall grade points (+12.6 points) in the intervention school compared to all other Swedish boys. Among girls, the academic school performance did not change with the intervention. This thesis concludes that a long-term PA intervention program initiated in pre-pubertal children reduces the fracture risk with each year of intervention, and improves skeletal traits in girls, muscle strength in both genders and academic performance in boys. AbbreviationsaBMDAreal bone mineral density (g/cm2)ANCOVA Analysis of covarianceBMC Bone mineral content (g)BMDBone mineral density (g/cm2)BMIBody mass index (kg/m2)CIConfidence intervalCVCoefficient of variation (%)DPADual-photon absorptiometryDXADual-energy X-ray absorptiometryExExtensionFlFlexionFNFemoral neckIRRIncidence rate ratioLSLumbar spinePAPhysical activityPBMPeak bone massPEPhysical educationPOPPediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (study)pQCTPeripheral quantitative computed tomographyRCTRandomized controlled trialSDStandard deviationSPASingle-photon absorptiometrySSIPolar strength strain indexTBTotal bodyvBMDVolumetric bone mineral density (g/cm3)WHOWorld Health OrganizationOriginal PapersThe Associations of Physical Activity with Fracture Risk – a 7 year Prospective Controlled Intervention Study in 3 534 ChildrenFritz J, C?ster ME, Nilsson J-?, Rosengren BE, Dencker M, Karlsson MK.Osteoporosis International 2016, 27:915–922A Seven-year Physical Activity Intervention for Children Increased Gains in Bone Mass and Muscle StrengthFritz J, Rosengren BE, Dencker M, Karlsson C, Karlsson MK.Acta Paediatrica 2016, 105:1216–1224Influence of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Cortical Bone Mass Distribution: A 7-year Intervention StudyFritz J, Duckham RL, Rantalainen T, Rosengren BE, Karlsson MK, Daly RM. Calcified Tissue 2016, 99:443–453Daily School Physical Activity Improves the Academic School Performance in Boys but not Girls – a Nine-year Nationwide Prospective Controlled Intervention StudyFritz J, C?ster ME, Rosengren BE, Karlsson C, Karlsson MK. In manuscriptGlossaryAccuracyIn this context means how well a measured value corresponds to the true valueConcentric contractionA contraction during shortening of the muscleEccentric contractionA contraction during lengthening of the muscleExercisePhysical activity that is planned, structured with repetitive bodily movement performed to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitnessIsokineticMovement at a constant angular velocity around the axis of rotationIsometric contractionA contraction during which the muscle length remains unchangedMuscle strengthThe amount of force that can be produced by a muscle in a single contractionPeak torqueMaximum force applied around a pivot pointPhysical activityAny bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditurePolar distributionSubdivision of the cortex into sectors around its center of mass with the average bone mass estimated for each sectorPre-pubertal children Children in Tanner stage 1 or 2Radial distributionSubdivision of the cortex into concentric rings with the average bone density estimated for each ring ReliabilityRefers to the consistency of measurementsValidityThe extent to which an instrument or method actually measures what it is intended to measureIntroductionFracturesThe rising number of fractures in elderly is a large health problem worldwide, especially in populations with a high incidence of osteoporosisPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZW5hbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZW5hbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 1. Fractures result in individual disability, non-autonomy, and deathPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BYnJhaGFtc2VuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BYnJhaGFtc2VuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 2,3 and large costs for societyPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Cb3Jnc3Ryb208L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Cb3Jnc3Ryb208L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 4. With the projected increase in life expectancy, especially in developing countriesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZW5hbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MjkzPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlwdCI+
MTwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjI5MzwvcmVjLW51bWJl
cj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVw
YXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDY4MDU1MjU2Ij4yOTM8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVp
Z24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNv
bnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkdlbmFudCwgSC4gSy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PkNvb3BlciwgQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBvb3IsIEcuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5SZWlk
LCBJLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RWhybGljaCwgRy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkthbmlzLCBK
LjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Tm9yZGluLCBCLiBFLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmFycmV0dC1D
b25ub3IsIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5CbGFjaywgRC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJvbmpv
dXIsIEouIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5EYXdzb24tSHVnaGVzLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+RGVsbWFzLCBQLiBELjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RGVxdWVrZXIsIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5SYWdpIEVpcywgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkdlbm5hcmksIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5Kb2huZWxsLCBPLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Sm9obnN0b24sIEMuIEMuLCBKci48L2F1
dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkxhdSwgRS4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkxpYmVybWFuLCBVLiBBLjwv
YXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TGluZHNheSwgUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1hcnRpbiwgVC4gSi48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1hc3JpLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWF1dGFsZW4sIEMuIEEu
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NZXVuaWVyLCBQLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S2hhbHRhZXYs
IE4uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5ldCBhbC4sPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0
b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBSYWRpb2xvZ3ksIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2Yg
Q2FsaWZvcm5pYSBTYW4gRnJhbmNpc2NvIDk0MTQzLTA2MjgsIFVTQS4gaGFycnkuZ2VuYW50QG9h
cmcudWNzZi5lZHU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5JbnRlcmltIHJlcG9ydCBh
bmQgcmVjb21tZW5kYXRpb25zIG9mIHRoZSBXb3JsZCBIZWFsdGggT3JnYW5pemF0aW9uIFRhc2st
Rm9yY2UgZm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9z
IEludDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9u
YWwgOiBhIGpvdXJuYWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdl
ZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlv
bmFsIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBVU0E8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxl
cz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9zIEludDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJi
ci0xPk9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBpbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIDogYSBqb3VybmFsIGVzdGFibGlzaGVkIGFz
IHJlc3VsdCBvZiBjb29wZXJhdGlvbiBiZXR3ZWVuIHRoZSBFdXJvcGVhbiBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIGZv
ciBPc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgYW5kIHRoZSBOYXRpb25hbCBPc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBv
ZiB0aGUgVVNBPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9zIEludDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPk9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBpbnRlcm5h
dGlvbmFsIDogYSBqb3VybmFsIGVzdGFibGlzaGVkIGFzIHJlc3VsdCBvZiBjb29wZXJhdGlvbiBi
ZXR3ZWVuIHRoZSBFdXJvcGVhbiBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIGZvciBPc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgYW5kIHRoZSBO
YXRpb25hbCBPc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgVVNBPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQt
cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MjU5LTY0PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjEwPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJl
cj40PC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUgRGVuc2l0eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5Db3N0LUJlbmVmaXQgQW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RnJhY3R1cmVzLCBC
b25lL2Vjb25vbWljcy9wcmV2ZW50aW9uICZhbXA7IGNvbnRyb2wvdGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD4qR2xvYmFsIEhlYWx0aDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qR3VpZGVsaW5lcyBhcyBU
b3BpYzwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+T3N0ZW9wb3Jv
c2lzL2RpYWdub3Npcy8qcHJldmVudGlvbiAmYW1wOyBjb250cm9sL3RoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+UGF0aWVudCBFZHVjYXRpb24gYXMgVG9waWM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UXVh
bGl0eSBvZiBMaWZlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5OTk8L3llYXI+
PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wOTM3LTk0MVggKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDkzNy05NDFYIChMaW5raW5nKTwv
aXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xMDY5Mjk3MjwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRl
ZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xMDY5Mjk3Mjwv
dXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZW5hbnQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 1, the problem of fractures in elderly will grow even bigger in the futurePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Sb3NlbmdyZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE0PC9ZZWFy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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Sb3NlbmdyZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDE0PC9ZZWFy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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 5,6. In Sweden, the lifetime risk of sustaining an osteoporosis-related fracture is roughly 50% for women and 25% for men, one of the highest incidences in the worldPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Kb2huZWxsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Kb2huZWxsPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjI5MTwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQi
PjcsODwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjI5MTwvcmVjLW51
bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNw
MGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDY4MDU1MTcyIj4yOTE8L2tleT48L2Zv
cmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+
PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkpvaG5lbGwsIE8uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5LYW5pcywgSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIE9ydGhvcGFlZGljcywgTWFsbW8gVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBIb3NwaXRhbCwg
U3dlZGVuLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkVwaWRlbWlvbG9neSBvZiBvc3Rl
b3Bvcm90aWMgZnJhY3R1cmVzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50
PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6
IGEgam91cm5hbCBlc3RhYmxpc2hlZCBhcyByZXN1bHQgb2YgY29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0
aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gRm91bmRhdGlvbiBmb3IgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwg
T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIFVTQTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxw
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+
T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgOiBhIGpvdXJuYWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVz
dWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9z
dGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlvbmFsIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRo
ZSBVU0E8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9z
dGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9u
YWwgOiBhIGpvdXJuYWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdl
ZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlv
bmFsIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBVU0E8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz5TMy03PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE2IFN1cHBsIDI8L3ZvbHVtZT48a2V5
d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkLCA4MCBhbmQgb3Zlcjwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIERlbnNpdHkvcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RnJhY3R1cmVzLCBCb25lL2Vjb25vbWljcy8qZXBp
ZGVtaW9sb2d5L2V0aW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkhlYWx0aCBDYXJlIENvc3RzPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkhpcCBGcmFjdHVyZXMvZWNvbm9taWNzL2VwaWRlbWlvbG9neS9ldGlv
bG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Nb3JiaWRpdHk8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzLypjb21wbGljYXRpb25zL2VwaWRlbWlvbG9neTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SaXNrIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BpbmFsIEZy
YWN0dXJlcy9lY29ub21pY3MvZXBpZGVtaW9sb2d5L2V0aW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PldyaXN0IEluanVyaWVzL2Vjb25vbWljcy9lcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3kvZXRpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwNTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk1hcjwv
ZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjA5MzctOTQxWCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswOTM3
LTk0MVggKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjE1MzY1Njk3PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3Yv
cHVibWVkLzE1MzY1Njk3PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJl
c291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDA3L3MwMDE5OC0wMDQtMTcwMi02PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNl
LW51bT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYW5pczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIw
MDA8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4zMTg8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjMxODwvcmVj
LW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3
ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDY4NDEzMjMzIj4zMTg8L2tleT48
L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5
cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkthbmlzLCBKLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+Sm9obmVsbCwgTy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk9kZW4sIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5TZW1ibywgSS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJlZGx1bmQtSm9obmVsbCwgSS48L2F1dGhvcj48
YXV0aG9yPkRhd3NvbiwgQS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkRlIExhZXQsIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5Kb25zc29uLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1h
ZGRyZXNzPldITyBDb2xsYWJvcmF0aW5nIENlbnRyZSBmb3IgTWV0YWJvbGljIEJvbmUgRGlzZWFz
ZXMsIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgU2hlZmZpZWxkIE1lZGljYWwgU2Nob29sLCBVSy48L2F1dGgtYWRk
cmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Mb25nLXRlcm0gcmlzayBvZiBvc3Rlb3Bvcm90aWMgZnJhY3R1
cmUgaW4gTWFsbW88L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+T3N0ZW9wb3JvcyBJbnQ8L3NlY29u
ZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBpbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIDogYSBqb3Vy
bmFsIGVzdGFibGlzaGVkIGFzIHJlc3VsdCBvZiBjb29wZXJhdGlvbiBiZXR3ZWVuIHRoZSBFdXJv
cGVhbiBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIGZvciBPc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgYW5kIHRoZSBOYXRpb25hbCBPc3Rlb3Bv
cm9zaXMgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgVVNBPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGlj
YWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+T3N0ZW9wb3JvcyBJbnQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Pc3Rlb3Bv
cm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6IGEgam91cm5hbCBlc3RhYmxpc2hlZCBhcyByZXN1bHQgb2Yg
Y29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gRm91bmRhdGlvbiBmb3IgT3N0ZW9wb3Jv
c2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIFVTQTwv
YWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+T3N0ZW9wb3Jv
cyBJbnQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6IGEg
am91cm5hbCBlc3RhYmxpc2hlZCBhcyByZXN1bHQgb2YgY29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUg
RXVyb3BlYW4gRm91bmRhdGlvbiBmb3IgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgT3N0
ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIFVTQTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+
PHBhZ2VzPjY2OS03NDwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4xMTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+ODwvbnVtYmVy
PjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2UgRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFnZWQsIDgwIGFuZCBvdmVyPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFs
ZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Gb3JlYXJtIEluanVyaWVzLyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RnJhY3R1cmVzLCBCb25lLyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3kvZXRpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SGlwIEZyYWN0dXJlcy9lcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3kvZXRpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkluY2lkZW5jZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBBZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
Pk9zdGVvcG9yb3Npcy9jb21wbGljYXRpb25zLyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UHJvc3BlY3RpdmUgU3R1ZGllczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SaXNrIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2hvdWxkZXIgRnJhY3R1cmVzLyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BpbmFsIEZyYWN0dXJlcy9lcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3kvZXRpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+U3dlZGVuL2VwaWRlbWlvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48
eWVhcj4yMDAwPC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDkzNy05NDFYIChQcmludCkmI3hEOzA5Mzct
OTQxWCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTEwOTUxNjk8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1u
dW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9w
dWJtZWQvMTEwOTUxNjk8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRl
PjwvRW5kTm90ZT4AAD==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 7,8. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that the distal forearm fracture rate in children is currently 50% higher than in the 1950s, and it still appears to be increasing ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jerrhag</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>452</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">9</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>452</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1475334575">452</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Jerrhag, D.</author><author>Englund, M.</author><author>Petersson, I.</author><author>Lempesis, V.</author><author>Landin, L.</author><author>Karlsson, M. K.</author><author>Rosengren, B. E.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>a Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Departments of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedics Malmo , Skane University Hospital, Lund University .
b Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund , Lund University , Lund , Sweden .
c Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Increasing wrist fracture rates in children may have major implications for future adult fracture burden</title><secondary-title>Acta Orthop</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta orthopaedica</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>296-300</pages><volume>87</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1745-3682 (Electronic)
1745-3674 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>26905618</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. So, how can we prevent fractures? Well, there are several risk factors for fractures that could be addressed. One, of course, is low bone mass, which is the cornerstone of the osteoporosis diagnosis. Other important risk factors are low muscle strength, susceptibility to falls, benzodiazepines, other psychotropic drugs and impaired visionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW1taW5nczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW1taW5nczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 10. Body mass index (BMI) has long been considered a protective factor for fracture risk in adultsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EZSBMYWV0PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EZSBMYWV0PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 11, especially for hip fractures, but recent research has shown that BMI also acts as a risk factor for proximal humerus fracturesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QcmlldG8tQWxoYW1icmE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QcmlldG8tQWxoYW1icmE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 12.Fractures are also a great problem in magnitude during childhood, since 10–25% of all pediatric injuries include fractures ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Nathorst Westfelt</Author><Year>1982</Year><RecNum>192</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">13</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>192</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1433057692">192</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nathorst Westfelt, J. A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Environmental factors in childhood accidents. A prospective study in Goteborg, Sweden</title><secondary-title>Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl</full-title><abbr-1>Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl</full-title><abbr-1>Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-75</pages><volume>291</volume><keywords><keyword>*Accidents</keyword><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Age Factors</keyword><keyword>Athletic Injuries/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Infant, Newborn</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Prospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Sex Factors</keyword><keyword>*Social Environment</keyword><keyword>Sweden</keyword><keyword>Wounds and Injuries/*epidemiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1982</year></dates><isbn>0300-8843 (Print)
0300-8843 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>6949454</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> and close to half of all boys and around one third of all girls will sustain a fracture during growthPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MYW5kaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTgzPC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+NjA8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0Ij4x
NCwxNTwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjYwPC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3Aw
ZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjEzODMwNDExODAiPjYwPC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5MYW5kaW4sIEwuIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRo
b3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkZyYWN0dXJlIHBhdHRlcm5zIGluIGNo
aWxkcmVuLiBBbmFseXNpcyBvZiA4LDY4MiBmcmFjdHVyZXMgd2l0aCBzcGVjaWFsIHJlZmVyZW5j
ZSB0byBpbmNpZGVuY2UsIGV0aW9sb2d5IGFuZCBzZWN1bGFyIGNoYW5nZXMgaW4gYSBTd2VkaXNo
IHVyYmFuIHBvcHVsYXRpb24gMTk1MC0xOTc5PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkFjdGEg
T3J0aG9wIFNjYW5kIFN1cHBsPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5BY3RhIG9ydGhv
cGFlZGljYSBTY2FuZGluYXZpY2EuIFN1cHBsZW1lbnR1bTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxw
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkFjdGEgT3J0aG9wIFNjYW5kIFN1cHBsPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxl
PjxhYmJyLTE+QWN0YSBvcnRob3BhZWRpY2EgU2NhbmRpbmF2aWNhLiBTdXBwbGVtZW50dW08L2Fi
YnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkFjdGEgT3J0aG9w
IFNjYW5kIFN1cHBsPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+QWN0YSBvcnRob3BhZWRpY2EgU2NhbmRp
bmF2aWNhLiBTdXBwbGVtZW50dW08L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4xLTEw
OTwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4yMDI8L3ZvbHVtZT48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWNjaWRlbnRz
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFnZSBGYWN0b3JzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkF0aGxldGlj
IEluanVyaWVzL2VwaWRlbWlvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCwgUHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5GcmFjdHVyZXMsIEJvbmUvY2xhc3NpZmljYXRpb24vKmVwaWRlbWlvbG9neS9l
dGlvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW5mYW50
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkluZmFudCwgTmV3Ym9ybjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxl
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlJlY3VycmVuY2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Umlzazwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TZWFzb25zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNleCBGYWN0b3JzPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlN3ZWRlbjwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4xOTgz
PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDMwMC04ODI3IChQcmludCkmI3hEOzAzMDAtODgyNyAoTGlu
a2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+NjU3NDY4NzwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48
cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC82NTc0
Njg3PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0
aG9yPlRpZGVyaXVzPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5OTwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjE5NTwvUmVjTnVt
PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTk1PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBh
cHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1l
c3RhbXA9IjE0MzMwNTgwMTYiPjE5NTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1l
PSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxh
dXRob3I+VGlkZXJpdXMsIEMuIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5MYW5kaW4sIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+
PGF1dGhvcj5EdXBwZSwgSC48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgt
YWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIE9ydGhvcGVkaWNzLCBNYWxtbyBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IEhvc3Bp
dGFsLCBTd2VkZW4uIHRpZGVyaXVzQHN3aXBuZXQuc2U8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0
aXRsZT5EZWNyZWFzaW5nIGluY2lkZW5jZSBvZiBmcmFjdHVyZXMgaW4gY2hpbGRyZW46IGFuIGVw
aWRlbWlvbG9naWNhbCBhbmFseXNpcyBvZiAxLDY3MyBmcmFjdHVyZXMgaW4gTWFsbW8sIFN3ZWRl
biwgMTk5My0xOTk0PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkFjdGEgT3J0aG9wIFNjYW5kPC9z
ZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5BY3RhIG9ydGhvcGFlZGljYSBTY2FuZGluYXZpY2E8
L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5BY3RhIE9ydGhvcCBT
Y2FuZDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkFjdGEgb3J0aG9wYWVkaWNhIFNjYW5kaW5hdmljYTwv
YWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+QWN0YSBPcnRo
b3AgU2NhbmQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5BY3RhIG9ydGhvcGFlZGljYSBTY2FuZGluYXZp
Y2E8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz42MjItNjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT43
MDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NjwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNjZW50
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hv
b2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZyYWN0dXJlcywg
Qm9uZS8qZXBpZGVtaW9sb2d5L2V0aW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5JbmNpZGVuY2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW5mYW50PC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3dlZGVuL2VwaWRlbWlvbG9neTwva2V5
d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4xOTk5PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+
RGVjPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDAwMS02NDcwIChQcmludCkmI3hE
OzAwMDEtNjQ3MCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTA2NjU3MzA8L2FjY2Vz
c2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmlo
Lmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTA2NjU3MzA8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+
PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MYW5kaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTgzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 14,15. Pediatric fracture incidence has also been shown with time trends, indicating that there has been an increase in fracture risk from 1998 to 2007 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hedstrom</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>135</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">16</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>135</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1420802103">135</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hedstrom, E. M.</author><author>Svensson, O.</author><author>Bergstrom, U.</author><author>Michno, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Surgery and Perioperative Science, Umea University Hospital, Umea, Sweden. erik.hedstrom@orthop.umu.se</auth-address><titles><title>Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents</title><secondary-title>Acta Orthop</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta orthopaedica</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>148-53</pages><volume>81</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Athletic Injuries/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Incidence</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Registries</keyword><keyword>Sweden/epidemiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1745-3682 (Electronic)
1745-3674 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20175744</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> (Figure 1). Figure 1. Pediatric fracture incidence from 1993 to 2007 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hedstrom</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>135</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">16</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>135</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1420802103">135</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hedstrom, E. M.</author><author>Svensson, O.</author><author>Bergstrom, U.</author><author>Michno, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Surgery and Perioperative Science, Umea University Hospital, Umea, Sweden. erik.hedstrom@orthop.umu.se</auth-address><titles><title>Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents</title><secondary-title>Acta Orthop</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta orthopaedica</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>148-53</pages><volume>81</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Athletic Injuries/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Incidence</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Registries</keyword><keyword>Sweden/epidemiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1745-3682 (Electronic)
1745-3674 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20175744</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> risk in children peaks during early puberty, possibly due to high bone turnover, with a large gain in bone size but slower bone mineral accrual, temporarily leaving the bone more fragile ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Goulding</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>297</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">17</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>297</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468142477">297</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Goulding, A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. ailsa.goulding@stonebow.otago.ac.nz</auth-address><titles><title>Risk factors for fractures in normally active children and adolescents</title><secondary-title>Med Sport Sci</secondary-title><alt-title>Medicine and sport science</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Med Sport Sci</full-title><abbr-1>Medicine and sport science</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Med Sport Sci</full-title><abbr-1>Medicine and sport science</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>102-20</pages><volume>51</volume><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Bone Density/physiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Chronic Disease</keyword><keyword>Diet</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/epidemiology/*etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</keyword><keyword>*Health Behavior</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Obesity/complications</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>0254-5020 (Print)
0076-6070 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>17505122</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The most common fracture sites in children and adolescents are the distal forearm, followed by the hand ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Landin</Author><Year>1983</Year><RecNum>60</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">14</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>60</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1383041180">60</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Landin, L. A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Fracture patterns in children. Analysis of 8,682 fractures with special reference to incidence, etiology and secular changes in a Swedish urban population 1950-1979</title><secondary-title>Acta Orthop Scand Suppl</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop Scand Suppl</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop Scand Suppl</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-109</pages><volume>202</volume><keywords><keyword>Accidents</keyword><keyword>Age Factors</keyword><keyword>Athletic Injuries/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/classification/*epidemiology/etiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Infant, Newborn</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Recurrence</keyword><keyword>Risk</keyword><keyword>Seasons</keyword><keyword>Sex Factors</keyword><keyword>Sweden</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1983</year></dates><isbn>0300-8827 (Print)
0300-8827 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>6574687</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Some risk factors for fracture in children are the same as for elderly, e.g. low bone mass ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Clark</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>63</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">18</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>63</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1383041472">63</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Clark, E. M.</author><author>Tobias, J. H.</author><author>Ness, A. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. emma.clark@bristol.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Association between bone density and fractures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis</title><secondary-title>Pediatrics</secondary-title><alt-title>Pediatrics</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatrics</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatrics</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>e291-7</pages><volume>117</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>*Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Case-Control Studies</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/etiology/*metabolism</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16452336</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> and low muscle strengthPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE.DATA 19, while others are prevalent only in children, e.g. vigorous physical activityPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 20.With this in mind, any intervention or treatment leading to a decreased number of fractures mediated through increased bone mass, bone strength, muscle strength or other factors should be of profound interest both now and in the future.SkeletonPhysiologyBone is a tissue with vascularization and innervation that constantly remodels to adapt to the needs of the skeleton. The hard building block of the skeleton consists of the hydroxyapatite molecule, Ca5(PO4)3(OH)2, while the triple helix protein of collagen type 1 together with several glucosaminoglycans make up the extracellular matrix that surrounds the cellular components of the bone. There are three main types of bone cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes. They work in units called basic multicellular units (BMU), where the osteoblasts produce new bone and the osteoclasts resorb bone ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kular</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>299</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">21</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>299</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468144370">299</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kular, J.</author><author>Tickner, J.</author><author>Chim, S. M.</author><author>Xu, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.</auth-address><titles><title>An overview of the regulation of bone remodelling at the cellular level</title><secondary-title>Clin Biochem</secondary-title><alt-title>Clinical biochemistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clin Biochem</full-title><abbr-1>Clinical biochemistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clin Biochem</full-title><abbr-1>Clinical biochemistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>863-73</pages><volume>45</volume><number>12</number><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>*Bone Remodeling</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Endothelial Cells/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lymphocytes/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Macrophages/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Osteoblasts/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Osteoclasts/metabolism/physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1873-2933 (Electronic)
0009-9120 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22465238</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The third cell type, the osteocytes, are embedded in bone matrix during new bone formation, connected to each other with long dendrites and make up roughly 90% of all skeletal cells in adults ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Knothe Tate</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>300</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">22</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>300</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468144666">300</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Knothe Tate, M. L.</author><author>Adamson, J. R.</author><author>Tami, A. E.</author><author>Bauer, T. W.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Orthopaedic Research Center, The Cleveland Clinic, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA. tatem@bme.</auth-address><titles><title>The osteocyte</title><secondary-title>Int J Biochem Cell Biol</secondary-title><alt-title>The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Int J Biochem Cell Biol</full-title><abbr-1>The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Int J Biochem Cell Biol</full-title><abbr-1>The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-8</pages><volume>36</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Bone Diseases/pathology</keyword><keyword>Bone Matrix/cytology</keyword><keyword>Cell Cycle</keyword><keyword>Cell Differentiation</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Osteocytes/*cytology/pathology/*physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1357-2725 (Print)
1357-2725 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>14592527</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The function of osteocytes is not completely understood, but they are believed to be mechanosensible, capable of transducting mechanical stimuli to a biological response in bone ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Duncan</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>301</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">23</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>301</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468145127">301</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Duncan, R. L.</author><author>Turner, C. H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis 46202, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Mechanotransduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain</title><secondary-title>Calcif Tissue Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Calcified tissue international</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>344-58</pages><volume>57</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>Bone Density/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Bone Remodeling/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Signal Transduction/*physiology</keyword><keyword>*Stress, Mechanical</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0171-967X (Print)
0171-967X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>8564797</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The mechanosensible process has been postulated to be regulated by cilia, projected from the cell surface, allowing the dynamic fluid flow created by movement to affect the cilia and thereby altering the cellular activityPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWxvbmU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWxvbmU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 24.There are two types of bone tissue: compact (cortical) and cancellous (spongy) bone. In compact bone, the bone matrix and osteocytes are histologically organized in onion-shaped rings called osteons with a central canal, called the Haversian canal, containing blood vessels, lymphatic tissue and sometimes nerves. Osteocytes lie in small cavities, called lacunae, and are connected to each other by small tunnels called canaliculi ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kular</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>299</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">21</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>299</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468144370">299</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kular, J.</author><author>Tickner, J.</author><author>Chim, S. M.</author><author>Xu, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.</auth-address><titles><title>An overview of the regulation of bone remodelling at the cellular level</title><secondary-title>Clin Biochem</secondary-title><alt-title>Clinical biochemistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clin Biochem</full-title><abbr-1>Clinical biochemistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clin Biochem</full-title><abbr-1>Clinical biochemistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>863-73</pages><volume>45</volume><number>12</number><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>*Bone Remodeling</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Endothelial Cells/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lymphocytes/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Macrophages/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Osteoblasts/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Osteoclasts/metabolism/physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1873-2933 (Electronic)
0009-9120 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22465238</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> (Figure 2). In compact bone, the Haversian systems are packed tightly together, almost as a solid mass while the cancellous bone is lighter and less dense. Cancellous bone consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow. The canaliculi connect to the adjacent cavities, instead of a central Haversian canal, to receive their blood supply.Figure 2. The anatomy of bone tissue ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Chao Le Meng Bao</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>460</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">25</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>460</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1477125969">460</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chao Le Meng Bao, Erin Y. Teo, Mark S.K. Chong, Yuchun Liu,</author><author>Mahesh Choolani and Jerry K.Y. Chan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Advances in Bone Tissue Engineering</title><secondary-title>Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, InTech. Available from: Medicine and Tissue Engineering, InTech. Available from: bones of the body come in a variety of sizes and shapes. The four principal types of bones are long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones consist of a long shaft (diaphysis) with two bulky ends (epiphysis). They are primarily compact bone but may have a large amount of cancellous bone in the epiphysis (Figure 3). Long bones include bones of the thigh, leg, arm, and forearm. Short bones are roughly cube shaped and consist primarily of spongy bone, which is covered by a thin layer of compact bone. The bones of the wrist and ankle are short bones. Flat bones are thin, flattened, and usually curved, and the cranium consists primarily of flat bones. Bones that are not in any of the above three categories are classified as irregular bones. They are primarily spongy bone that is covered with a thin layer of compact bone, e.g. the vertebrae.Figure 3. The anatomy of a long bone.There are two types of metabolic processes in bone tissue, bone modeling and bone remodeling. Bone modeling is when the metabolism changes the shape and size of the skeleton and takes place during growth, but can also be seen later in life in response to mechanical loading or during fracture repair. Bone remodeling is when old bone is substituted for new bone without changing the shape and size of the bone and is an ongoing process in adult life ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lanyon</Author><Year>1993</Year><RecNum>303</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">26</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>303</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468146563">303</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lanyon, L. E.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.</auth-address><titles><title>Osteocytes, strain detection, bone modeling and remodeling</title><secondary-title>Calcif Tissue Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Calcified tissue international</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S102-6; discussion S106-7</pages><volume>53 Suppl 1</volume><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Birds</keyword><keyword>Bone Remodeling/drug effects/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Bone Resorption/metabolism/pathology</keyword><keyword>Calcitriol/pharmacology</keyword><keyword>Cell Communication</keyword><keyword>Cell Division/drug effects/physiology</keyword><keyword>Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Mammals</keyword><keyword>Osteocytes/cytology/drug effects/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1993</year></dates><isbn>0171-967X (Print)
0171-967X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>8275362</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, replacing approximately 25% of the cancellous bone and 3% of the cortical bone each year ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Watts</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>304</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">27</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>304</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468146646">304</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Watts, N. B.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. nwatts@emory.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Clinical utility of biochemical markers of bone remodeling</title><secondary-title>Clin Chem</secondary-title><alt-title>Clinical chemistry</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clin Chem</full-title><abbr-1>Clinical chemistry</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clin Chem</full-title><abbr-1>Clinical chemistry</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1359-68</pages><volume>45</volume><number>8 Pt 2</number><keywords><keyword>Biomarkers/blood/urine</keyword><keyword>Bone Diseases/blood/diagnosis/urine</keyword><keyword>*Bone Remodeling</keyword><keyword>Bone Resorption/blood/urine</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/enzymology/*metabolism</keyword><keyword>Clinical Laboratory Techniques</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1999</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0009-9147 (Print)
0009-9147 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10430819</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> is one of several main functions of the skeleton. Some bones, such as the rib cage and skull, protect vital organs from injury, while others, such as the femur, protect the bone marrow. Another main function of the skeleton is mechanical support, whereby bones provide a framework for the attachment of muscles and other tissues. Within this framework, some bones act as levers enabling movement as a result of muscle contraction. Storing calcium is yet another purpose of bone. The calcium levels are of most importance for the bone-building capacity and are closely linked to the parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and vitamin D levels. PTH increases the blood calcium levels by increasing bone resorption (through increased osteoclastic activity) and also increases reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys. Calcitonin counteracts these effects. PTH also increases the enzymatic activation of vitamin D in the kidneys, which increases calcium absorption from the intestines, tubular reabsorption in the kidneys and skeletal calcium release ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Arnaud</Author><Year>1990</Year><RecNum>306</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">28</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>306</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468147614">306</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Arnaud, C. D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.</auth-address><titles><title>Role of dietary calcium in osteoporosis</title><secondary-title>Adv Intern Med</secondary-title><alt-title>Advances in internal medicine</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Adv Intern Med</full-title><abbr-1>Advances in internal medicine</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Adv Intern Med</full-title><abbr-1>Advances in internal medicine</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>93-106</pages><volume>35</volume><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>*Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage/therapeutic use</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Spontaneous/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Incidence</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Menopause</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis/epidemiology/*prevention & control</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1990</year></dates><isbn>0065-2822 (Print)
0065-2822 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>2405603</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. This means that over-production of PTH in the parathyroid glands leads to elevated bone remodeling and thereby decalcification of the skeleton, while elevated calcium levels in the blood have the opposite effectPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYXN0bmV5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMDwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5XYXN0bmV5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMDwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE.DATA 29. Vitamin D is essential for calcium uptake in the intestines and calcium resorption from bone and it increases both the osteoblastic and ostoclastic activity, leaving the skeleton intactPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Ib2xpY2s8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MzA4PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlwdCI+
MzA8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4zMDg8L3JlYy1udW1i
ZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2VzcDBl
cGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ2ODE0ODMwMiI+MzA4PC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5Ib2xpY2ssIE0uIEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRo
b3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBNZWRpY2luZSwg
U2VjdGlvbiBvZiBFbmRvY3Jpbm9sb2d5LCBOdXRyaXRpb24sIGFuZCBEaWFiZXRlcywgdGhlIFZp
dGFtaW4gRCwgU2tpbiwgYW5kIEJvbmUgUmVzZWFyY2ggTGFib3JhdG9yeSwgQm9zdG9uIFVuaXZl
cnNpdHkgTWVkaWNhbCBDZW50ZXIsIEJvc3RvbiwgTUEgMDIxMTgsIFVTQS4gbWZob2xpY2tAYnUu
ZWR1PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+Vml0YW1pbiBEIGRlZmljaWVuY3k8L3Rp
dGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+TiBFbmdsIEogTWVkPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10
aXRsZT5UaGUgTmV3IEVuZ2xhbmQgam91cm5hbCBvZiBtZWRpY2luZTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0
bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk4gRW5nbCBKIE1lZDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJi
ci0xPlRoZSBOZXcgRW5nbGFuZCBqb3VybmFsIG9mIG1lZGljaW5lPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5OIEVuZ2wgSiBNZWQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+
PGFiYnItMT5UaGUgTmV3IEVuZ2xhbmQgam91cm5hbCBvZiBtZWRpY2luZTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0
LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjI2Ni04MTwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4zNTc8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVt
YmVyPjM8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
QWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIGFuZCBCb25lcy9tZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkNhbGNpdW0vbWV0YWJvbGlzbTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPktpZG5leSBGYWlsdXJlLCBDaHJvbmljL2RydWcgdGhlcmFweTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk9zdGVvcG9yb3Npcy9wcmV2ZW50aW9uICZhbXA7
IGNvbnRyb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGhvc3Bob3J1cy9tZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPlByZXZhbGVuY2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Vml0YW1pbiBELyphZG1pbmlz
dHJhdGlvbiAmYW1wOyBkb3NhZ2UvbWV0YWJvbGlzbS90aGVyYXBldXRpYyB1c2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+Vml0YW1pbiBEIERlZmljaWVuY3kvKmNvbXBsaWNhdGlvbnMvZXBpZGVtaW9sb2d5
L21ldGFib2xpc20vKnRoZXJhcHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAw
NzwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkp1bCAxOTwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVz
Pjxpc2JuPjE1MzMtNDQwNiAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzAwMjgtNDc5MyAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lz
Ym4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTc2MzQ0NjI8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQt
dXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTc2MzQ0NjI8L3Vy
bD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEwNTYv
TkVKTXJhMDcwNTUzPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9F
bmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Ib2xpY2s8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 30. Vitamin D is converted from 7-dehydrocholesterol to metabolically active vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) when our skin is exposed to sunlight and it can also be ingested. Since vitamin D has a positive effect on bone and also seems to have a direct effect on skeletal muscle to reduce the risk of falling, at least in elderly people, vitamin D may have the potential to reduce fracture riskPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CaXNjaG9mZi1GZXJyYXJpPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAw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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CaXNjaG9mZi1GZXJyYXJpPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAw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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 31.Growth, peak and declineGrowth hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and are thereby the two main regulators of gains in bone mineral content (BMC) before pubertyPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYXZpZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYXZpZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA1PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MzExPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlwdCI+
MzI8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4zMTE8L3JlYy1udW1i
ZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2VzcDBl
cGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ2ODQwOTgyNyI+MzExPC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5EYXZpZXMsIEouIEguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5FdmFucywgQi4gQS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkdyZWdvcnksIEouIFcuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9h
dXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBDaGlsZCBI
ZWFsdGgsIENhcmRpZmYgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSwgSGVhdGggUGFyaywgQ2FyZGlmZiBDRjE0IDRYTiwg
VUsuIGRhdmllc2poQGNmLmFjLnVrPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+Qm9uZSBt
YXNzIGFjcXVpc2l0aW9uIGluIGhlYWx0aHkgY2hpbGRyZW48L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0
bGU+QXJjaCBEaXMgQ2hpbGQ8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkFyY2hpdmVzIG9m
IGRpc2Vhc2UgaW4gY2hpbGRob29kPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1
bGwtdGl0bGU+QXJjaCBEaXMgQ2hpbGQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5BcmNoaXZlcyBvZiBk
aXNlYXNlIGluIGNoaWxkaG9vZDwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+
PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+QXJjaCBEaXMgQ2hpbGQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5BcmNoaXZlcyBv
ZiBkaXNlYXNlIGluIGNoaWxkaG9vZDwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjM3
My04PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjkwPC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj40PC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRz
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xlc2NlbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Qm9uZSBEZW5zaXR5L2dlbmV0
aWNzLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQvZ2VuZXRp
Y3MvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2FsY2l1bS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdGlvbiAm
YW1wOyBkb3NhZ2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hp
bGQgTnV0cml0aW9uYWwgUGh5c2lvbG9naWNhbCBQaGVub21lbmEvcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5Db2xsYWdlbiBUeXBlIEkvZ2VuZXRpY3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RGll
dDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5FeGVyY2lzZS9waHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkZldGFsIERldmVsb3BtZW50L3BoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RnJhY3R1cmVz
LCBCb25lL2V0aW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkdyb3d0aC8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Ib3Jtb25lcy9waHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFu
czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5MREwtUmVjZXB0b3IgUmVsYXRlZCBQcm90ZWluczwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5Mb3cgRGVuc2l0eSBMaXBvcHJvdGVpbiBSZWNlcHRvci1SZWxhdGVkIFByb3Rl
aW4tNTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Qb2x5bW9ycGhpc20sIEdlbmV0aWM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+UmVjZXB0b3JzLCBDYWxjaXRyaW9sL2dlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlJl
Y2VwdG9ycywgTERML2dlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlZpdGFtaW4gRC9hZG1pbmlz
dHJhdGlvbiAmYW1wOyBkb3NhZ2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAw
NTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkFwcjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxp
c2JuPjE0NjgtMjA0NCAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzAwMDMtOTg4OCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+
PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTU3ODE5Mjc8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJs
cz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTU3ODE5Mjc8L3VybD48
L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGN1c3RvbTI+MTcyMDMyOTwvY3VzdG9tMj48ZWxlY3Ryb25p
Yy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTEzNi9hZGMuMjAwNC4wNTM1NTM8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3Vy
Y2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 32. Up until puberty the gain in BMC is linear in both girls and boys ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Seeman</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>312</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">33</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>312</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468409971">312</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Seeman, E.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Bone quality</title><secondary-title>Osteoporos Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Osteoporos Int</full-title><abbr-1>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Osteoporos Int</full-title><abbr-1>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>S3-7</pages><volume>14 Suppl 5</volume><keywords><keyword>Aging/physiology</keyword><keyword>Biomechanical Phenomena</keyword><keyword>Bone Density/physiology</keyword><keyword>Bone Remodeling/physiology</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Terminology as Topic</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2003</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1433-2965 (Electronic)
0937-941X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>14504698</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. At puberty the levels of sex steroids increase, raising the levels of GH and IGF-1, and all three of these hormones have an anabolic effect on bone and muscle tissue ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Mauras</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>314</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">34</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>314</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468411065">314</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mauras, N.</author><author>Rogol, A. D.</author><author>Haymond, M. W.</author><author>Veldhuis, J. D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Sex steroids, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1: neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation in puberty</title><secondary-title>Horm Res</secondary-title><alt-title>Hormone research</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Horm Res</full-title><abbr-1>Hormone research</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Horm Res</full-title><abbr-1>Hormone research</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>74-80</pages><volume>45</volume><number>1-2</number><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Androgens/physiology</keyword><keyword>Bone Development</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Estrogens/physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology</keyword><keyword>Growth Hormone/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Homeostasis</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Luteinizing Hormone/secretion</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Neurosecretory Systems/*physiology</keyword><keyword>*Puberty</keyword><keyword>Sexual Maturation</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1996</year></dates><isbn>0301-0163 (Print)
0301-0163 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>8742123</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Girls hit their peak velocity of growth about 1.5 years earlier than boys (mean age of 11.8 in girls and 13.4 in boys) and about one year later peak bone mineral accrual occursPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWlsZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWlsZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 35. During the two years around peak bone mineral accrual, approximately 25% of an individual’s bone mineral is achieved, a similar amount is later lost during the 50–60 years of life remaining after peak bone massPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWlsZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYWlsZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 35,36. Hence, puberty is an important period in life when it comes to bone growth, probably as a result of the skeleton being maximally responsive to stimuli during periods with fast skeletal apposition ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kannus</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>38</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">37</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>38</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1380716883">38</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kannus, P.</author><author>Haapasalo, H.</author><author>Sankelo, M.</author><author>Sievanen, H.</author><author>Pasanen, M.</author><author>Heinonen, A.</author><author>Oja, P.</author><author>Vuori, I.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.</auth-address><titles><title>Effect of starting age of physical activity on bone mass in the dominant arm of tennis and squash players</title><secondary-title>Ann Intern Med</secondary-title><alt-title>Annals of internal medicine</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Ann Intern Med</full-title><abbr-1>Annals of internal medicine</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Ann Intern Med</full-title><abbr-1>Annals of internal medicine</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>27-31</pages><volume>123</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Age Factors</keyword><keyword>Anthropometry</keyword><keyword>*Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)</keyword><keyword>Cross-Sectional Studies</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Interviews as Topic</keyword><keyword>Menarche</keyword><keyword>Racquet Sports/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Tennis/*physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year><pub-dates><date>Jul 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-4819 (Print)
0003-4819 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7762910</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. During puberty the possibility to influence the skeleton is therefore greater, both in a positive way with physical activityPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Hb2luZzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTA8L1llYXI+PFJl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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Hb2luZzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTA8L1llYXI+PFJl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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 8,38 and in a negative way through malnutritionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXNzPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXNzPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48UmVj
TnVtPjEzPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlwdCI+Mzk8
L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xMzwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48
Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVwYXN4
ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxMzgwNTMyNzMwIj4xMzwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1r
ZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJp
YnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+QmFzcywgUy4gTC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkVzZXIs
IFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5EYWx5LCBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1
dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkNlbnRyZSBmb3IgUGh5c2ljYWwgQWN0aXZpdHkgYW5kIE51dHJp
dGlvbiBSZXNlYXJjaCwgRGVha2luIFVuaXZlcnNpdHksIEJ1cndvb2QsIEF1c3RyYWxpYS4gc2hv
bmFiQGRlYWtpbi5lZHUuYXU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaGUgZWZmZWN0
IG9mIGV4ZXJjaXNlIGFuZCBudXRyaXRpb24gb24gdGhlIG1lY2hhbm9zdGF0PC90aXRsZT48c2Vj
b25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkogTXVzY3Vsb3NrZWxldCBOZXVyb25hbCBJbnRlcmFjdDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5
LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBtdXNjdWxvc2tlbGV0YWwgJmFtcDsgbmV1cm9u
YWwgaW50ZXJhY3Rpb25zPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0
bGU+SiBNdXNjdWxvc2tlbGV0IE5ldXJvbmFsIEludGVyYWN0PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+
Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBtdXNjdWxvc2tlbGV0YWwgJmFtcDsgbmV1cm9uYWwgaW50ZXJhY3Rpb25zPC9h
YmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIE11c2N1bG9z
a2VsZXQgTmV1cm9uYWwgSW50ZXJhY3Q8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIG11
c2N1bG9za2VsZXRhbCAmYW1wOyBuZXVyb25hbCBpbnRlcmFjdGlvbnM8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1w
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4yMzktNTQ8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+NTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+
MzwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNjZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkJvbmUgRGVuc2l0eS8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIERldmVsb3Bt
ZW50LypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUgUmVzb3JwdGlvbi9waHlzaW9w
YXRob2xvZ3kvcHJldmVudGlvbiAmYW1wOyBjb250cm9sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUg
YW5kIEJvbmVzL2FuYXRvbXkgJmFtcDsgaGlzdG9sb2d5LypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5I
dW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxudXRyaXRp
b24vbWV0YWJvbGlzbS9waHlzaW9wYXRob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TXVzY2xlLCBT
a2VsZXRhbC8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5OdXRyaXRpb25hbCBQaHlzaW9s
b2dpY2FsIFBoZW5vbWVuYS8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QaHlzaWNhbCBG
aXRuZXNzLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlJlc3RyYWludCwgUGh5c2ljYWwv
cGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TdHJlc3MsIE1lY2hhbmljYWw8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+V2VpZ2h0LUJlYXJpbmcvcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxk
YXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA1PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+SnVsLVNlcDwvZGF0ZT48L3B1
Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjExMDgtNzE2MSAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDsxMTA4LTcxNjEgKExp
bmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjE2MTcyNTE1PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxz
PjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzE2
MTcyNTE1PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5v
dGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 39.Peak bone mass (PBM) is the highest bone mass a person reaches during lifetime, and is usually reached in the early twenties and varies depending on gender, genetic background and skeletal regionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZWFuZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZWFuZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 40, being as early as age 17–18 years in the hip ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Alwis</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>321</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">41</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>321</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468415731">321</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Alwis, G.</author><author>Rosengren, B.</author><author>Stenevi-Lundgren, S.</author><author>Duppe, H.</author><author>Sernbo, I.</author><author>Karlsson, M. K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</auth-address><titles><title>Normative dual energy X-ray absorptiometry data in Swedish children and adolescents</title><secondary-title>Acta Paediatr</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta paediatrica</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Paediatr</full-title><abbr-1>Acta paediatrica</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Paediatr</full-title><abbr-1>Acta paediatrica</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1091-9</pages><volume>99</volume><number>7</number><keywords><keyword>*Absorptiometry, Photon</keyword><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Body Composition</keyword><keyword>Bone Density/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Canada</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Cross-Sectional Studies</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Korea</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Netherlands</keyword><keyword>Reference Values</keyword><keyword>Sweden</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1651-2227 (Electronic)
0803-5253 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20178508</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> and as late as age 40 in the distal forearmPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BaGxib3JnPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BaGxib3JnPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 42. Genetic factors regulate 50–85% of the variance in PBM ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Eisman</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>323</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">43</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>323</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468416506">323</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Eisman, J. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Bone and Mineral Research Program, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. j.eisman@garvan.unsw.edu.au</auth-address><titles><title>Genetics of osteoporosis</title><secondary-title>Endocr Rev</secondary-title><alt-title>Endocrine reviews</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Endocr Rev</full-title><abbr-1>Endocrine reviews</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Endocr Rev</full-title><abbr-1>Endocrine reviews</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>788-804</pages><volume>20</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology</keyword><keyword>Collagen/genetics</keyword><keyword>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis/*genetics</keyword><keyword>Phenotype</keyword><keyword>Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1999</year><pub-dates><date>Dec</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0163-769X (Print)
0163-769X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10605626</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, but other factors such as energy intake, protein intake, calcium intake and level of physical activity contribute as wellPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LZWxseTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTA8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LZWxseTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTA8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 44,45.After PBM, the skeleton gets weaker with agePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BaGxib3JnPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BaGxib3JnPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 42, resulting in an exponentially increased fracture riskPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYXVsa25lcjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDA8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYXVsa25lcjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDA8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 46,47, and when a certain point in this skeletal deterioration is reached we call it “osteoporosis”. Since low bone mineral density is associated with fracture risk independent of trauma level and therefore an important factorPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWNrZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWNrZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MzMxPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlwdCI+
NDg8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4zMzE8L3JlYy1udW1i
ZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2VzcDBl
cGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ2ODQ5NTE3MCI+MzMxPC9rZXk+PC9mb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxj
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5NYWNrZXksIEQuIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5MdWksIEwuIFkuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5DYXd0aG9uLCBQLiBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+QmF1ZXIsIEQuIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5OZXZpdHQsIE0uIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5DYXVsZXksIEouIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5IaWxsaWVyLCBULiBBLjwvYXV0aG9y
PjxhdXRob3I+TGV3aXMsIEMuIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5CYXJyZXR0LUNvbm5vciwgRS48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkN1bW1pbmdzLCBTLiBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U3R1ZHkgb2Yg
T3N0ZW9wb3JvdGljLCBGcmFjdHVyZXM8L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk9zdGVvcG9yb3RpYyBGcmFj
dHVyZXMgaW4gTWVuIFN0dWR5IFJlc2VhcmNoLCBHcm91cHM8L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9j
b250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5TYW4gRnJhbmNpc2NvIENvb3JkaW5hdGluZyBDZW50
ZXIsIENhbGlmb3JuaWEgUGFjaWZpYyBNZWRpY2FsIENlbnRlciBSZXNlYXJjaCBJbnN0aXR1dGUs
IFNhbiBGcmFuY2lzY28sIENhbGlmb3JuaWEgOTQxMDcsIFVTQS4gZG1hY2tleUBzZmNjLWNwbWMu
bmV0PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+SGlnaC10cmF1bWEgZnJhY3R1cmVzIGFu
ZCBsb3cgYm9uZSBtaW5lcmFsIGRlbnNpdHkgaW4gb2xkZXIgd29tZW4gYW5kIG1lbjwvdGl0bGU+
PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KQU1BPC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5KYW1hPC9h
bHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SkFNQTwvZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT48YWJici0xPkphbWE8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxs
LXRpdGxlPkpBTUE8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5KYW1hPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9k
aWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MjM4MS04PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjI5ODwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MjA8
L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWJzb3JwdGlvbWV0cnksIFBob3Rvbjwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD4qQWNjaWRlbnRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+KkJvbmUgRGVuc2l0eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+RmVtdXIvcmFkaW9ncmFwaHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RnJhY3R1cmVzLCBCb25l
L2NsYXNzaWZpY2F0aW9uLyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkx1bWJhciBWZXJ0ZWJyYWUvcmFkaW9ncmFwaHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+Umlzazwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA3PC95ZWFyPjxwdWIt
ZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+Tm92IDI4PC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTUzOC0z
NTk4IChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDA5OC03NDg0IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9u
LW51bT4xODA0MjkxNTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0
cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xODA0MjkxNTwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11
cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAwMS9qYW1hLjI5OC4yMC4y
MzgxPC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPn==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 48, this point has been defined by the World Health Organization, (WHO), as 2.5 or more standard deviations (SD) lower BMD (bone mineral density) than the mean value of young healthy adults of the same gender, also referred to as T-score –2.5 (Table 1). Since bone fragility and greatly increased fracture risk is the major clinical manifestation, osteoporosis is also “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue” according to WHO ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>451</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">49</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>451</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1475329296">451</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group</title><secondary-title>World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser</secondary-title><alt-title>World Health Organization technical report series</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser</full-title><abbr-1>World Health Organization technical report series</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser</full-title><abbr-1>World Health Organization technical report series</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-129</pages><volume>843</volume><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Mass Screening/*methods</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*complications/diagnosis/prevention &</keyword><keyword>control/therapy</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>World Health Organization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1994</year></dates><isbn>0512-3054 (Print)
0512-3054 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7941614</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Primary osteoporosis is the result of aging, menopause and/or lifestyle factors without any underlying disease, while secondary osteoporosis is, at least partly, due to an underlying disease ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>SBU</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>333</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">50</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>333</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468497585">333</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>SBU</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. Oesoporos-prevention, diagnostik och behandling.</title></titles><pages>377</pages><volume>1</volume><dates><year>2003</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>50.PBM has been suggested as the single most important factor in the development of osteoporosisPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZWFuZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZWFuZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAwPC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MzE5PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlwdCI+
NDAsNTE8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4zMTk8L3JlYy1u
dW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2Vz
cDBlcGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ2ODQxNTUwNiI+MzE5PC9rZXk+PC9m
b3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBl
Pjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5IZWFuZXksIFIuIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5BYnJhbXMsIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5EYXdzb24tSHVnaGVzLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9y
PjxhdXRob3I+TG9va2VyLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWFyY3VzLCBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxh
dXRob3I+TWF0a292aWMsIFYuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5XZWF2ZXIsIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9h
dXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+Q3JlaWdodG9uIFVuaXZlcnNpdHks
IE9tYWhhLCBORSwgVVNBLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlBlYWsgYm9uZSBt
YXNzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0
bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6IGEgam91cm5hbCBlc3Rh
Ymxpc2hlZCBhcyByZXN1bHQgb2YgY29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gRm91
bmRhdGlvbiBmb3IgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZv
dW5kYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIFVTQTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxs
LXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGlu
dGVybmF0aW9uYWwgOiBhIGpvdXJuYWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0
aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQg
dGhlIE5hdGlvbmFsIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBVU0E8L2FiYnItMT48
L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9m
dWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgOiBhIGpvdXJuYWwg
ZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFu
IEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlvbmFsIE9zdGVvcG9yb3Np
cyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBVU0E8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz45
ODUtMTAwOTwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4xMTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTI8L251bWJlcj48a2V5
d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFtZW5vcnJoZWEvcGh5c2lvcGF0aG9s
b2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvZHkgTWFzcyBJbmRleDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5C
b2R5IFdlaWdodDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIERlbnNpdHkvZ2VuZXRpY3MvKnBoeXNp
b2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Qm9uZSBEZXZlbG9wbWVudC9nZW5ldGljcy8qcGh5c2lv
bG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DYWxjaXVtL21ldGFib2xpc208L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQsIFByZXNjaG9vbDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5GZWVkaW5nIGFuZCBFYXRpbmcgRGlzb3JkZXJzL3BoeXNpb3BhdGhvbG9neTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RnJhY3R1cmVzLCBCb25lL2V0aW9s
b2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5JbmZhbnQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW5mYW50LCBOZXdib3JuPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWVuYXJjaGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWlkZGxlIEFnZWQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TnV0cml0aW9uYWwgUGh5c2lvbG9naWNhbCBQaGVub21lbmEvcGh5c2lv
bG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QcmVnbmFuY3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U21va2lu
Zy9hZHZlcnNlIGVmZmVjdHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwMDwv
eWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjA5MzctOTQxWCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswOTM3LTk0MVggKExpbmtp
bmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjExMjU2ODk4PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxy
ZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzExMjU2
ODk4PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4x
MC4xMDA3L3MwMDE5ODAwNzAwMjA8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwv
Q2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkhlcm5hbmRlejwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDM8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT4zMzwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MzM8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVp
Z24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2VzcDBlcGFzeGV4c3pl
NXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTM4MDcxNjcyMiI+MzM8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48
cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9y
cz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkhlcm5hbmRleiwgQy4gSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJlYXVw
cmUsIEcuIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5DYXJ0ZXIsIEQuIFIuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3Jz
PjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+UmVoYWJpbGl0YXRpb24gUmVzZWFyY2ggYW5k
IERldmVsb3BtZW50IENlbnRlciwgVkEgUGFsbyBBbHRvIEhlYWx0aCBDYXJlIFN5c3RlbSwgUGFs
byBBbHRvLCBDYWxpZiwgVVNBLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkEgdGhlb3Jl
dGljYWwgYW5hbHlzaXMgb2YgdGhlIHJlbGF0aXZlIGluZmx1ZW5jZXMgb2YgcGVhayBCTUQsIGFn
ZS1yZWxhdGVkIGJvbmUgbG9zcyBhbmQgbWVub3BhdXNlIG9uIHRoZSBkZXZlbG9wbWVudCBvZiBv
c3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+T3N0ZW9wb3JvcyBJbnQ8L3NlY29u
ZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBpbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIDogYSBqb3Vy
bmFsIGVzdGFibGlzaGVkIGFzIHJlc3VsdCBvZiBjb29wZXJhdGlvbiBiZXR3ZWVuIHRoZSBFdXJv
cGVhbiBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIGZvciBPc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgYW5kIHRoZSBOYXRpb25hbCBPc3Rlb3Bv
cm9zaXMgRm91bmRhdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgVVNBPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGlj
YWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+T3N0ZW9wb3JvcyBJbnQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Pc3Rlb3Bv
cm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6IGEgam91cm5hbCBlc3RhYmxpc2hlZCBhcyByZXN1bHQgb2Yg
Y29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gRm91bmRhdGlvbiBmb3IgT3N0ZW9wb3Jv
c2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIFVTQTwv
YWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+T3N0ZW9wb3Jv
cyBJbnQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6IGEg
am91cm5hbCBlc3RhYmxpc2hlZCBhcyByZXN1bHQgb2YgY29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUg
RXVyb3BlYW4gRm91bmRhdGlvbiBmb3IgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgT3N0
ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIFVTQTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+
PHBhZ2VzPjg0My03PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE0PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xMDwvbnVtYmVy
PjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2UgRmFjdG9yczwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFnaW5nL3BoeXNpb2xvZ3k8
L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkJvbmUgRGVuc2l0eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIFJl
bW9kZWxpbmcvcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Db21wdXRlciBTaW11bGF0aW9u
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWVub3BhdXNlLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRs
ZSBBZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipNb2RlbHMsIEJpb2xvZ2ljYWw8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzLCBQb3N0bWVub3BhdXNhbC8qcGh5c2lvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3
b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDM8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5P
Y3Q8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wOTM3LTk0MVggKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7
MDkzNy05NDFYIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xMjkwNDgzNzwvYWNjZXNz
aW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWgu
Z292L3B1Ym1lZC8xMjkwNDgzNzwvdXJsPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL2xpbmsuc3ByaW5nZXIuY29tL2Fy
dGljbGUvMTAuMTAwNyUyRnMwMDE5OC0wMDMtMTQ1NC04PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91
cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMDA3L3MwMDE5OC0wMDMtMTQ1NC04PC9l
bGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPn==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 40,51, and since a 10% increase in PBM is predicted to delay development of osteoporosis by 13 yearsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZXJuYW5kZXo8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAzPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZXJuYW5kZXo8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAzPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 51 and up to half of the variance in bone mass at age 70 is estimated to be predicted by PBM ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hui</Author><Year>1990</Year><RecNum>80</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">52</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>80</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1392362927">80</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hui, S. L.</author><author>Slemenda, C. W.</author><author>Johnston, C. C., Jr.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.</auth-address><titles><title>The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis</title><secondary-title>Osteoporos Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Osteoporos Int</full-title><abbr-1>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Osteoporos Int</full-title><abbr-1>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>30-4</pages><volume>1</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>*Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*physiopathology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1990</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0937-941X (Print)
0937-941X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>2133638</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, this does not seem farfetched. Table 1. The WHO definition of osteoporosis by use of T-score ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>451</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">49</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>451</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1475329296">451</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group</title><secondary-title>World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser</secondary-title><alt-title>World Health Organization technical report series</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser</full-title><abbr-1>World Health Organization technical report series</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser</full-title><abbr-1>World Health Organization technical report series</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-129</pages><volume>843</volume><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Mass Screening/*methods</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*complications/diagnosis/prevention &</keyword><keyword>control/therapy</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>World Health Organization</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1994</year></dates><isbn>0512-3054 (Print)
0512-3054 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7941614</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> bone mineral densityBMD T-score above –1 SDOsteopeniaBMD T-score –1 to –2.5 SDOsteoporosisSevere osteoporosisBMD T-score < –2.5 SDOsteoporosis and at least one fracture related to osteoporosisT-score refers to the number of standard deviations (SD) below or above the mean value of young health adults of the same genderBone strengthBone strength or the resistance to mechanical failure sets the bar for “the force required to produce mechanical failure under a specific loading condition”PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZWNrPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMTwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZWNrPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMTwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 53 and depends on both the mechanical and structural properties of the bone ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Seeman</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>338</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">54</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>338</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1468855616">338</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Seeman, E.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Hospital, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Melbourne, Australia. egos@unimelb.edu.au</auth-address><titles><title>Bone quality: the material and structural basis of bone strength</title><secondary-title>J Bone Miner Metab</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of bone and mineral metabolism</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Bone Miner Metab</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of bone and mineral metabolism</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Bone Miner Metab</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of bone and mineral metabolism</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-8</pages><volume>26</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aging</keyword><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Bone Remodeling</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Femur Neck/anatomy & histology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Sex Characteristics</keyword><keyword>Spine/growth & development</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2008</year></dates><isbn>0914-8779 (Print)
0914-8779 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>18095057</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. But what is mechanical failure? When a force is applied to a bone it is absorbed and stored in the bone through bone deformation. A force lower than the yield point of the bone will not change the original shape of the bone after the release of the force. Any force greater than the yield force will cause micro damage and deformation. Further increase of the force will eventually reach the breaking point of the bone, causing a fracture, that is, separating the bone into two or more fragments. There are several properties of the bone that influence bone strength, such as bone geometry, trabecular and cortical architecture, degree of mineralization and bone turnover. Skeletal architecture, geometry and size contribute to the skeletal resistance to loading independently of BMDPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BaGxib3JnPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BaGxib3JnPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 42,55, clinically illustrated by the fact that women with femoral neck fractures have smaller femoral neck but normal vertebral size compared to controls, and women with spine fractures have smaller vertebrae but normal femoral neck size compared to controlsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EdWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5OTwvWWVhcj48UmVj
TnVtPjEwNTwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQiPjU1
LDU2PC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTA1PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3Aw
ZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjEzOTIzNjQwNzciPjEwNTwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+RHVhbiwgWS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBh
cmZpdHQsIEFtPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5TZWVtYW4sIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwv
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBFbmRvY3Jpbm9sb2d5LCBB
dXN0aW4gYW5kIFJlcGF0cmlhdGlvbiBNZWRpY2FsIENlbnRlciwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBNZWxi
b3VybmUsIE1lbGJvdXJuZSwgQXVzdHJhbGlhLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxl
PlZlcnRlYnJhbCBib25lIG1hc3MsIHNpemUsIGFuZCB2b2x1bWV0cmljIGRlbnNpdHkgaW4gd29t
ZW4gd2l0aCBzcGluYWwgZnJhY3R1cmVzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkogQm9uZSBN
aW5lciBSZXM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYm9uZSBhbmQg
bWluZXJhbCByZXNlYXJjaCA6IHRoZSBvZmZpY2lhbCBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHRoZSBBbWVyaWNhbiBT
b2NpZXR5IGZvciBCb25lIGFuZCBNaW5lcmFsIFJlc2VhcmNoPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+
PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBCb25lIE1pbmVyIFJlczwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJi
ci0xPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYm9uZSBhbmQgbWluZXJhbCByZXNlYXJjaCA6IHRoZSBvZmZpY2lhbCBq
b3VybmFsIG9mIHRoZSBBbWVyaWNhbiBTb2NpZXR5IGZvciBCb25lIGFuZCBNaW5lcmFsIFJlc2Vh
cmNoPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJv
bmUgTWluZXIgUmVzPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBib25lIGFuZCBtaW5l
cmFsIHJlc2VhcmNoIDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdGhlIEFtZXJpY2FuIFNvY2ll
dHkgZm9yIEJvbmUgYW5kIE1pbmVyYWwgUmVzZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2Fs
PjxwYWdlcz4xNzk2LTgwMjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4xNDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTA8L251
bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWJzb3JwdGlvbWV0cnksIFBob3Rvbjwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNjZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZCwgODAgYW5kIG92ZXI8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+Qm9uZSBEZW5zaXR5LypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNhbGNpZmlj
YXRpb24sIFBoeXNpb2xvZ2ljLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWlkZGxlIEFnZWQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UG9zdG1lbm9wYXVzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QcmVtZW5vcGF1
c2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BpbmFsIEZyYWN0dXJlcy8qcGF0aG9sb2d5L3BoeXNpb3Bh
dGhvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TcGluZS8qYW5hdG9teSAmYW1wOyBoaXN0b2xvZ3kv
cGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4xOTk5PC95ZWFyPjxw
dWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+T2N0PC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDg4NC0w
NDMxIChQcmludCkmI3hEOzA4ODQtMDQzMSAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+
MTA0OTEyMjg8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93
d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTA0OTEyMjg8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48
L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEzNTkvamJtci4xOTk5LjE0LjEwLjE3
OTY8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9y
PlNlZW1hbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDE8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4zMzk8L1JlY051bT48cmVj
b3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjMzOTwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJF
TiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1w
PSIxNDY4ODU3OTI5Ij4zMzk8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91
cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9y
PlNlZW1hbiwgRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkR1YW4sIFkuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Gb25n
LCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RWRtb25kcywgSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250
cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIEVuZG9jcmlub2xvZ3ksIEF1c3Rp
biBhbmQgUmVwYXRyaWF0aW9uIE1lZGljYWwgQ2VudGVyLCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIE1lbGJvdXJu
ZSwgVmljdG9yaWEsIEF1c3RyYWxpYS48L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5GcmFj
dHVyZSBzaXRlLXNwZWNpZmljIGRlZmljaXRzIGluIGJvbmUgc2l6ZSBhbmQgdm9sdW1ldHJpYyBk
ZW5zaXR5IGluIG1lbiB3aXRoIHNwaW5lIG9yIGhpcCBmcmFjdHVyZXM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRh
cnktdGl0bGU+SiBCb25lIE1pbmVyIFJlczwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91
cm5hbCBvZiBib25lIGFuZCBtaW5lcmFsIHJlc2VhcmNoIDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwg
b2YgdGhlIEFtZXJpY2FuIFNvY2lldHkgZm9yIEJvbmUgYW5kIE1pbmVyYWwgUmVzZWFyY2g8L2Fs
dC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJvbmUgTWluZXIgUmVz
PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBib25lIGFuZCBtaW5lcmFsIHJlc2VhcmNo
IDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdGhlIEFtZXJpY2FuIFNvY2lldHkgZm9yIEJvbmUg
YW5kIE1pbmVyYWwgUmVzZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2Fs
PjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogQm9uZSBNaW5lciBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFs
IG9mIGJvbmUgYW5kIG1pbmVyYWwgcmVzZWFyY2ggOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0
aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgQm9uZSBhbmQgTWluZXJhbCBSZXNlYXJjaDwvYWJici0x
PjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjEyMC03PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE2PC92b2x1bWU+
PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZCwgODAgYW5kIG92ZXI8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+QW50aHJvcG9tZXRyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qQm9uZSBEZW5zaXR5PC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUgYW5kIEJvbmVzL21ldGFib2xpc20vKnBhdGhvbG9neTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW11ciBOZWNrL21ldGFib2xpc20vcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkhpcCBGcmFjdHVyZXMvbWV0YWJvbGlzbS8qcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
Pkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5MdW1iYXIgVmVydGVicmFlL21ldGFib2xpc20vcGF0
aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWF0Y2hlZC1Q
YWlyIEFuYWx5c2lzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBBZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPlJlZ3Jlc3Npb24gQW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BpbmFsIEZyYWN0dXJl
cy9tZXRhYm9saXNtLypwYXRob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+
MjAwMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVz
Pjxpc2JuPjA4ODQtMDQzMSAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswODg0LTA0MzEgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxh
Y2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjExMTQ5NDc1PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+
PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzExMTQ5NDc1PC91cmw+PC9y
ZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMzU5L2pibXIu
MjAwMS4xNi4xLjEyMDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwv
RW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EdWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5OTwvWWVhcj48UmVj
TnVtPjEwNTwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQiPjU1
LDU2PC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTA1PC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3Aw
ZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjEzOTIzNjQwNzciPjEwNTwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+RHVhbiwgWS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBh
cmZpdHQsIEFtPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5TZWVtYW4sIEUuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwv
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0bWVudCBvZiBFbmRvY3Jpbm9sb2d5LCBB
dXN0aW4gYW5kIFJlcGF0cmlhdGlvbiBNZWRpY2FsIENlbnRlciwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBNZWxi
b3VybmUsIE1lbGJvdXJuZSwgQXVzdHJhbGlhLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxl
PlZlcnRlYnJhbCBib25lIG1hc3MsIHNpemUsIGFuZCB2b2x1bWV0cmljIGRlbnNpdHkgaW4gd29t
ZW4gd2l0aCBzcGluYWwgZnJhY3R1cmVzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkogQm9uZSBN
aW5lciBSZXM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYm9uZSBhbmQg
bWluZXJhbCByZXNlYXJjaCA6IHRoZSBvZmZpY2lhbCBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHRoZSBBbWVyaWNhbiBT
b2NpZXR5IGZvciBCb25lIGFuZCBNaW5lcmFsIFJlc2VhcmNoPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+
PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBCb25lIE1pbmVyIFJlczwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJi
ci0xPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYm9uZSBhbmQgbWluZXJhbCByZXNlYXJjaCA6IHRoZSBvZmZpY2lhbCBq
b3VybmFsIG9mIHRoZSBBbWVyaWNhbiBTb2NpZXR5IGZvciBCb25lIGFuZCBNaW5lcmFsIFJlc2Vh
cmNoPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJv
bmUgTWluZXIgUmVzPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBib25lIGFuZCBtaW5l
cmFsIHJlc2VhcmNoIDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdGhlIEFtZXJpY2FuIFNvY2ll
dHkgZm9yIEJvbmUgYW5kIE1pbmVyYWwgUmVzZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2Fs
PjxwYWdlcz4xNzk2LTgwMjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4xNDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTA8L251
bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWJzb3JwdGlvbWV0cnksIFBob3Rvbjwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNjZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZCwgODAgYW5kIG92ZXI8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+Qm9uZSBEZW5zaXR5LypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNhbGNpZmlj
YXRpb24sIFBoeXNpb2xvZ2ljLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWlkZGxlIEFnZWQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UG9zdG1lbm9wYXVzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QcmVtZW5vcGF1
c2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BpbmFsIEZyYWN0dXJlcy8qcGF0aG9sb2d5L3BoeXNpb3Bh
dGhvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TcGluZS8qYW5hdG9teSAmYW1wOyBoaXN0b2xvZ3kv
cGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4xOTk5PC95ZWFyPjxw
dWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+T2N0PC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDg4NC0w
NDMxIChQcmludCkmI3hEOzA4ODQtMDQzMSAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+
MTA0OTEyMjg8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93
d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTA0OTEyMjg8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48
L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEzNTkvamJtci4xOTk5LjE0LjEwLjE3
OTY8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9y
PlNlZW1hbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDE8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4zMzk8L1JlY051bT48cmVj
b3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjMzOTwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJF
TiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1w
PSIxNDY4ODU3OTI5Ij4zMzk8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91
cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9y
PlNlZW1hbiwgRS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkR1YW4sIFkuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Gb25n
LCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RWRtb25kcywgSi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250
cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIEVuZG9jcmlub2xvZ3ksIEF1c3Rp
biBhbmQgUmVwYXRyaWF0aW9uIE1lZGljYWwgQ2VudGVyLCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIE1lbGJvdXJu
ZSwgVmljdG9yaWEsIEF1c3RyYWxpYS48L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5GcmFj
dHVyZSBzaXRlLXNwZWNpZmljIGRlZmljaXRzIGluIGJvbmUgc2l6ZSBhbmQgdm9sdW1ldHJpYyBk
ZW5zaXR5IGluIG1lbiB3aXRoIHNwaW5lIG9yIGhpcCBmcmFjdHVyZXM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRh
cnktdGl0bGU+SiBCb25lIE1pbmVyIFJlczwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91
cm5hbCBvZiBib25lIGFuZCBtaW5lcmFsIHJlc2VhcmNoIDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwg
b2YgdGhlIEFtZXJpY2FuIFNvY2lldHkgZm9yIEJvbmUgYW5kIE1pbmVyYWwgUmVzZWFyY2g8L2Fs
dC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJvbmUgTWluZXIgUmVz
PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBib25lIGFuZCBtaW5lcmFsIHJlc2VhcmNo
IDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdGhlIEFtZXJpY2FuIFNvY2lldHkgZm9yIEJvbmUg
YW5kIE1pbmVyYWwgUmVzZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2Fs
PjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogQm9uZSBNaW5lciBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFs
IG9mIGJvbmUgYW5kIG1pbmVyYWwgcmVzZWFyY2ggOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0
aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgQm9uZSBhbmQgTWluZXJhbCBSZXNlYXJjaDwvYWJici0x
PjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjEyMC03PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjE2PC92b2x1bWU+
PG51bWJlcj4xPC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZCwgODAgYW5kIG92ZXI8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+QW50aHJvcG9tZXRyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qQm9uZSBEZW5zaXR5PC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUgYW5kIEJvbmVzL21ldGFib2xpc20vKnBhdGhvbG9neTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW11ciBOZWNrL21ldGFib2xpc20vcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPkhpcCBGcmFjdHVyZXMvbWV0YWJvbGlzbS8qcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
Pkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5MdW1iYXIgVmVydGVicmFlL21ldGFib2xpc20vcGF0
aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWF0Y2hlZC1Q
YWlyIEFuYWx5c2lzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBBZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPlJlZ3Jlc3Npb24gQW5hbHlzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BpbmFsIEZyYWN0dXJl
cy9tZXRhYm9saXNtLypwYXRob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+
MjAwMTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVz
Pjxpc2JuPjA4ODQtMDQzMSAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswODg0LTA0MzEgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxh
Y2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjExMTQ5NDc1PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+
PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzExMTQ5NDc1PC91cmw+PC9y
ZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMzU5L2pibXIu
MjAwMS4xNi4xLjEyMDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwv
RW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 55,56. Loading of the long bones is normally axial or bending compression. Compression is the shortening of the bone as an axial force acts upon it. Tension gives a lengthening of a bone, hence when a bending force acts on bone it will be compressed on one side while tension acts on the other side. This can induce localized cortical bone adaptations to resist fractures at sites subjected to the greatest loadsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYW50YWxhaW5lbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1ll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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SYW50YWxhaW5lbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1ll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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 57. The mass and density of cortical bone varies across its cross-section and along its axial length, and inter-individual differences likely reflect adaptations that occur in response to increased (or decreased) loadingPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BdGtpbnNvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5Njc8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BdGtpbnNvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5Njc8L1llYXI+
PFJlY051bT4yNjg8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0
Ij41OCw1OTwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjI2ODwvcmVj
LW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3
ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDYyMzY4MTA5Ij4yNjg8L2tleT48
L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5
cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkF0a2luc29uLCBQLiBKLjwvYXV0aG9y
PjxhdXRob3I+V2VhdGhlcmVsbCwgSi4gQS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRv
cnM+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VmFyaWF0aW9uIGluIHRoZSBkZW5zaXR5IG9mIHRoZSBmZW1vcmFs
IGRpYXBoeXNpcyB3aXRoIGFnZTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIEJvbmUgSm9pbnQg
U3VyZyBCcjwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+VGhlIEpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYm9uZSBh
bmQgam9pbnQgc3VyZ2VyeS4gQnJpdGlzaCB2b2x1bWU8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVy
aW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJvbmUgSm9pbnQgU3VyZyBCcjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJi
ci0xPlRoZSBKb3VybmFsIG9mIGJvbmUgYW5kIGpvaW50IHN1cmdlcnkuIEJyaXRpc2ggdm9sdW1l
PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJvbmUg
Sm9pbnQgU3VyZyBCcjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlRoZSBKb3VybmFsIG9mIGJvbmUgYW5k
IGpvaW50IHN1cmdlcnkuIEJyaXRpc2ggdm9sdW1lPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
cGFnZXM+NzgxLTg8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+NDk8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjQ8L251bWJlcj48
a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipBZ2luZzwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5Cb25lIFJlc29ycHRpb24vcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hvb2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkRlbnNp
dG9tZXRyeTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtdXIv
KmFuYXRvbXkgJmFtcDsgaGlzdG9sb2d5L3BhdGhvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1h
bnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SW5mYW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkluZmFudCwgTmV3
Ym9ybjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBBZ2Vk
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk9zdGVvcG9yb3Npcy9wYXRob2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UG9zdHVyZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TZXggRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdv
cmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4xOTY3PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+Tm92PC9kYXRlPjwv
cHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDMwMS02MjBYIChQcmludCkmI3hEOzAzMDEtNjIwWCAo
TGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+NjA3MzE5NTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJs
cz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC82
MDczMTk1PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48
QXV0aG9yPlJvYmxpbmc8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDAyPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+Mjg1PC9SZWNO
dW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4yODU8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5
IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2VzcDBlcGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRp
bWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ2NTk3Mzg4MSI+Mjg1PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5h
bWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+
PGF1dGhvcj5Sb2JsaW5nLCBBLiBHLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SGluYW50LCBGLiBNLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QnVyciwgRC4gQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlR1cm5lciwgQy4gSC48L2F1
dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9m
IEFuYXRvbXkgYW5kIENlbGwgQmlvbG9neSwgSW5kaWFuYSBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IFNjaG9vbCBvZiBN
ZWRpY2luZSwgSW5kaWFuYXBvbGlzIDQ2MjAyLCBVU0EuPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48
dGl0bGU+SW1wcm92ZWQgYm9uZSBzdHJ1Y3R1cmUgYW5kIHN0cmVuZ3RoIGFmdGVyIGxvbmctdGVy
bSBtZWNoYW5pY2FsIGxvYWRpbmcgaXMgZ3JlYXRlc3QgaWYgbG9hZGluZyBpcyBzZXBhcmF0ZWQg
aW50byBzaG9ydCBib3V0czwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIEJvbmUgTWluZXIgUmVz
PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGJvbmUgYW5kIG1pbmVyYWwg
cmVzZWFyY2ggOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gU29jaWV0eSBm
b3IgQm9uZSBhbmQgTWluZXJhbCBSZXNlYXJjaDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogQm9uZSBNaW5lciBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3Vy
bmFsIG9mIGJvbmUgYW5kIG1pbmVyYWwgcmVzZWFyY2ggOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBv
ZiB0aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgQm9uZSBhbmQgTWluZXJhbCBSZXNlYXJjaDwvYWJi
ci0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBCb25lIE1pbmVy
IFJlczwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYm9uZSBhbmQgbWluZXJhbCByZXNl
YXJjaCA6IHRoZSBvZmZpY2lhbCBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHRoZSBBbWVyaWNhbiBTb2NpZXR5IGZvciBC
b25lIGFuZCBNaW5lcmFsIFJlc2VhcmNoPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+
MTU0NS01NDwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4xNzwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+ODwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3
b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZGFwdGF0aW9uLCBQaHlzaW9sb2dpY2FsPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkFuaW1hbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Qm9uZSBhbmQgQm9uZXMvKmFuYXRvbXkgJmFtcDsg
aGlzdG9sb2d5L3BoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGh5c2ljYWwgQ29uZGl0aW9u
aW5nLCBBbmltYWw8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmF0czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qU3Ry
ZXNzLCBNZWNoYW5pY2FsPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDI8L3ll
YXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5BdWc8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4w
ODg0LTA0MzEgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDg4NC0wNDMxIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9u
LW51bT4xMjE2MjUwODwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0
cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xMjE2MjUwODwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11
cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTM1OS9qYm1yLjIwMDIuMTcu
OC4xNTQ1PC9lbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3Rl
PgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 58,59. During growth, bone modeling is the primary factor associated with exercise-induced changes in cortical bone geometry and mass distribution around the center of mass or neutral axis (polar distribution) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Seeman</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>269</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">60</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>269</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1462459383">269</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Seeman, E.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University ofMelbourne, Melbourne, Australia. egos@unimelb.edu.au</auth-address><titles><title>Structural basis of growth-related gain and age-related loss of bone strength</title><secondary-title>Rheumatology (Oxford)</secondary-title><alt-title>Rheumatology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Rheumatology (Oxford)</full-title><abbr-1>Rheumatology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Rheumatology (Oxford)</full-title><abbr-1>Rheumatology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>iv2-8</pages><volume>47 Suppl 4</volume><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>*Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Bone Development/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Bone Remodeling/physiology</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/*physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis/*physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Sex Factors</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1462-0332 (Electronic)
1462-0324 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>18556646</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. In contrast, any variation in cortical density and its circumferential distribution (radial distribution) are likely to be related to changes in intra-cortical remodeling that alter the porosity and/or mineralization of bonePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Cb3Vzc29uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Cb3Vzc29uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 61,62.Risk factorsThe most important risk factor for osteoporosis is natural aging, an unalterable risk factor that over time leads to an increasing fracture risk independent of the level of BMD. Other similar risk factors are gender, ethnicity and age at menopause, all of which are also risk factors for fracture and falls. Since hereditary and lifestyle factors influence the level of BMD, several other risk factors have been found through research within these areas, including genetic variance that explains the diseasePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Ib3dhcmQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk4PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Ib3dhcmQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk4PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 63,64 and also modifiable risk factors such as low body mass, smoking, alcohol consumption, inferior nutrition, physical inactivity, cortisone treatment, low sun exposure, vitamin D deficiency and inadequate calcium consumption. MeasurementsBone mass is an unscientific term, generally meaning an estimation of bone mineral, either BMC or BMD. BMC is the amount of mineral (g) measured within a scanned skeletal region, BMD, from here on referred to as areal BMD (aBMD), is the amount of mineral partially adjusted for bone size (g/cm2) through a defined scanned area and volumetric BMD (vBMD) (g/cm3) takes length, width and depth into account when estimating bone density. aBMD is clinically used as it is a reasonable predictor of fragility fracture in adultsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UcmVtb2xsaWVyZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9Z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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UcmVtb2xsaWVyZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9Z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 EN.CITE.DATA 65, while BMC and bone size should be reported separately in children since their bones constantly increase in sizePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CaWFuY2hpPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CaWFuY2hpPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 66. For example, an increase in bone size with unchanged amount of mineral would result in an unchanged BMC while aBMD would decrease. When the accrual of mineral and gain in bone size are similar, the BMC increases and the aBMD remains unchanged. Only when the relative accrual of mineral is greater than the gain in bone size does the aBMD increase. Most methods for estimating the mineralization of bone use ionizing radiation while others are non-ionizing (Table 2). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are examples of non-ionizing methods. The techniques utilizing ionizing radiation depend on either gamma radiation or X-rays ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>343</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">67</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>343</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469022706">343</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Bone density measurement--a systematic review. A report from SBU, the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care</title><secondary-title>J Intern Med Suppl</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of internal medicine. Supplement</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Intern Med Suppl</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of internal medicine. Supplement</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Intern Med Suppl</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of internal medicine. Supplement</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-60</pages><volume>739</volume><keywords><keyword>*Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Case-Control Studies</keyword><keyword>*Densitometry/economics/methods</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Mass Screening/*methods</keyword><keyword>Meta-Analysis as Topic</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis/*diagnosis/*physiopathology/radiography/ultrasonography</keyword><keyword>Research Design</keyword><keyword>Risk</keyword><keyword>*Tomography, X-Ray Computed/economics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year></dates><isbn>0955-7873 (Print)
0955-7873 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>9104441</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> but all use the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by the bone to estimate the amount of mineral. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) are the most common techniques in this group today.Table 2. Examples of methods for measuring bone mineral. Non-IonizingIonizingGamma RadiationX-rayQuantitative Ultrasound(QUS)Single Photon Absorptiometry (SPA)Single X-ray absorptiometry(SXA)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Dual Photon Absorptiometry (DPA)Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)Peripheral Computed Tomography (pQCT)Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)DXA (Figure 4) uses an X-ray generator as radiation source and a filter to send out two different energy levels ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Laskey</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>344</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">68</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>344</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469343092">344</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Laskey, M. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>MRC Dunn Nutritional Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.</auth-address><titles><title>Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body composition</title><secondary-title>Nutrition</secondary-title><alt-title>Nutrition</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nutrition</full-title><abbr-1>Nutrition</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Nutrition</full-title><abbr-1>Nutrition</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>45-51</pages><volume>12</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>*Absorptiometry, Photon/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>*Body Composition</keyword><keyword>Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Radiation Dosage</keyword><keyword>Sensitivity and Specificity</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1996</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0899-9007 (Print)
0899-9007 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>8838836</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. By measuring the radiation on the other side of the individual, using a detector, the absorbed radiation and the bone, muscle and fat mass can be calculated in this two-dimensional image. DXA has been available since 1987 and has replaced previous techniques, such as single photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) and single X-ray absorptiometry (SXA). DXA is considered the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and is the most frequently used method in osteoporosis researchPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYXVsa25lcjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTU8L1llYXI+
PFJlY051bT4zNDU8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0
Ij42OSw3MDwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjM0NTwvcmVj
LW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3
ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDY5MzQzNjQ0Ij4zNDU8L2tleT48
L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5
cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkZhdWxrbmVyLCBLLiBHLjwvYXV0aG9y
PjxhdXRob3I+TWNDbHVuZywgTS4gUi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+
PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5PcmVnb24gT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIENlbnRlciwgUG9ydGxhbmQgOTcyMTMt
Mjk2NiwgVVNBLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlF1YWxpdHkgY29udHJvbCBv
ZiBEWEEgaW5zdHJ1bWVudHMgaW4gbXVsdGljZW50ZXIgdHJpYWxzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5
LXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Pc3Rlb3Bv
cm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6IGEgam91cm5hbCBlc3RhYmxpc2hlZCBhcyByZXN1bHQgb2Yg
Y29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gRm91bmRhdGlvbiBmb3IgT3N0ZW9wb3Jv
c2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIFVTQTwv
YWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50
PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgOiBhIGpvdXJu
YWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9w
ZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlvbmFsIE9zdGVvcG9y
b3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBVU0E8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+T3N0
ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgOiBhIGpvdXJuYWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0
IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVv
cG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlvbmFsIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBV
U0E8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4yMTgtMjc8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+
NTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NDwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BYnNvcnB0aW9t
ZXRyeSwgUGhvdG9uLyppbnN0cnVtZW50YXRpb24vc3RhbmRhcmRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkJvbmUgRGVuc2l0eS8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DYWxpYnJhdGlvbjwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DbGluaWNhbCBUcmlhbHMgYXMgVG9waWM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxvbmdpdHVkaW5hbCBTdHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPk11bHRpY2VudGVyIFN0dWRpZXMgYXMgVG9waWM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
UXVhbGl0eSBDb250cm9sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5OTU8L3ll
YXI+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wOTM3LTk0MVggKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDkzNy05NDFYIChMaW5raW5n
KTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT43NDkyODU5PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxh
dGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzc0OTI4NTk8
L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+
QmVyZ2VyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMjwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjM0NjwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNv
cmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MzQ2PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVO
IiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9
IjE0NjkzNDM2ODEiPjM0Njwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3Vy
bmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+
QmVyZ2VyLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRs
ZT5Cb25lIG1pbmVyYWwgZGVuc2l0eSBzY2FuczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5CTUo8
L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkJtajwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkJNSjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkJtajwvYWJici0xPjwv
cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+Qk1KPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxh
YmJyLTE+Qm1qPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+NDg0PC9wYWdlcz48dm9s
dW1lPjMyNTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NzM2MjwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5B
YnNvcnB0aW9tZXRyeSwgUGhvdG9uL2luc3RydW1lbnRhdGlvbi8qbWV0aG9kczwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIERlbnNpdHkvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RXF1aXBt
ZW50IERlc2lnbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVt
dXIgTmVjazwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwv
a2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDAyPC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRh
dGU+QXVnIDMxPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTc1Ni0xODMzIChFbGVj
dHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDk1OS01MzVYIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xMjIw
MjMzMjwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5u
Y2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xMjIwMjMzMjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJs
cz48Y3VzdG9tMj4xMTI0MDAyPC9jdXN0b20yPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYXVsa25lcjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTU8L1llYXI+
PFJlY051bT4zNDU8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0
Ij42OSw3MDwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjM0NTwvcmVj
LW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3
ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDY5MzQzNjQ0Ij4zNDU8L2tleT48
L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5
cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkZhdWxrbmVyLCBLLiBHLjwvYXV0aG9y
PjxhdXRob3I+TWNDbHVuZywgTS4gUi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+
PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5PcmVnb24gT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIENlbnRlciwgUG9ydGxhbmQgOTcyMTMt
Mjk2NiwgVVNBLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlF1YWxpdHkgY29udHJvbCBv
ZiBEWEEgaW5zdHJ1bWVudHMgaW4gbXVsdGljZW50ZXIgdHJpYWxzPC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5
LXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Pc3Rlb3Bv
cm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6IGEgam91cm5hbCBlc3RhYmxpc2hlZCBhcyByZXN1bHQgb2Yg
Y29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gRm91bmRhdGlvbiBmb3IgT3N0ZW9wb3Jv
c2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIFVTQTwv
YWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50
PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgOiBhIGpvdXJu
YWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9w
ZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlvbmFsIE9zdGVvcG9y
b3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBVU0E8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+T3N0
ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgOiBhIGpvdXJuYWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0
IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVv
cG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlvbmFsIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBV
U0E8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4yMTgtMjc8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+
NTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NDwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BYnNvcnB0aW9t
ZXRyeSwgUGhvdG9uLyppbnN0cnVtZW50YXRpb24vc3RhbmRhcmRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkJvbmUgRGVuc2l0eS8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DYWxpYnJhdGlvbjwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DbGluaWNhbCBUcmlhbHMgYXMgVG9waWM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxvbmdpdHVkaW5hbCBTdHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPk11bHRpY2VudGVyIFN0dWRpZXMgYXMgVG9waWM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
UXVhbGl0eSBDb250cm9sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5OTU8L3ll
YXI+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wOTM3LTk0MVggKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDkzNy05NDFYIChMaW5raW5n
KTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT43NDkyODU5PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxh
dGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzc0OTI4NTk8
L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+
QmVyZ2VyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMjwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjM0NjwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNv
cmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MzQ2PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVO
IiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9
IjE0NjkzNDM2ODEiPjM0Njwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3Vy
bmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+
QmVyZ2VyLCBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRs
ZT5Cb25lIG1pbmVyYWwgZGVuc2l0eSBzY2FuczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5CTUo8
L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkJtajwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkJNSjwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkJtajwvYWJici0xPjwv
cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+Qk1KPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxh
YmJyLTE+Qm1qPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+NDg0PC9wYWdlcz48dm9s
dW1lPjMyNTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NzM2MjwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5B
YnNvcnB0aW9tZXRyeSwgUGhvdG9uL2luc3RydW1lbnRhdGlvbi8qbWV0aG9kczwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIERlbnNpdHkvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RXF1aXBt
ZW50IERlc2lnbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVt
dXIgTmVjazwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwv
a2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDAyPC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRh
dGU+QXVnIDMxPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTc1Ni0xODMzIChFbGVj
dHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDk1OS01MzVYIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xMjIw
MjMzMjwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5u
Y2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xMjIwMjMzMjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJs
cz48Y3VzdG9tMj4xMTI0MDAyPC9jdXN0b20yPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 69,70. DXA can measure any body part and uses a relatively low radiation dose (1–8 ?Sv), which corresponds to 1/1000 of the yearly background radiation dose ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Damilakis</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>349</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">71</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>349</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469344292">349</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Damilakis, J.</author><author>Adams, J. E.</author><author>Guglielmi, G.</author><author>Link, T. M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. damilaki@med.uoc.gr</auth-address><titles><title>Radiation exposure in X-ray-based imaging techniques used in osteoporosis</title><secondary-title>Eur Radiol</secondary-title><alt-title>European radiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Eur Radiol</full-title><abbr-1>European radiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Eur Radiol</full-title><abbr-1>European radiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>2707-14</pages><volume>20</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>*Absorptiometry, Photon</keyword><keyword>Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/radiation effects</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis/*radiography</keyword><keyword>Osteoporotic Fractures/radiography</keyword><keyword>Radiation Dosage</keyword><keyword>*Tomography, X-Ray Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1432-1084 (Electronic)
0938-7994 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20559834</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The accuracy of DXA is about 10% (measuring a vertebra)PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdmVuZHNlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdmVuZHNlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 72 and the precision of the technique is 0.5–2%PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYXRlbDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDA8L1llYXI+PFJl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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5QYXRlbDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDA8L1llYXI+PFJl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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 73.Figure 4. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner. Photo by Nick Smith photography (ALSPAC). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)Quantitative computed tomography (Figure 5) uses a higher radiation dose than DXA ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Damilakis</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>349</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">71</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>349</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469344292">349</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Damilakis, J.</author><author>Adams, J. E.</author><author>Guglielmi, G.</author><author>Link, T. M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. damilaki@med.uoc.gr</auth-address><titles><title>Radiation exposure in X-ray-based imaging techniques used in osteoporosis</title><secondary-title>Eur Radiol</secondary-title><alt-title>European radiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Eur Radiol</full-title><abbr-1>European radiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Eur Radiol</full-title><abbr-1>European radiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>2707-14</pages><volume>20</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>*Absorptiometry, Photon</keyword><keyword>Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/radiation effects</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis/*radiography</keyword><keyword>Osteoporotic Fractures/radiography</keyword><keyword>Radiation Dosage</keyword><keyword>*Tomography, X-Ray Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1432-1084 (Electronic)
0938-7994 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20559834</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. In children, only peripheral images, usually at the tibia or radius, are acceptable, as the radiation dose in these parts remains under 10 ?SvPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYW1pbGFraXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYW1pbGFraXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 71,74. This technique creates a virtual three-dimensional image, enabling visualization of the microarchitecture and distribution of bone and soft tissue. This also enables calculation of bone parameters such as mineral mass, vBMD, cortical thickness and strength strain index (SSI), supplying even more information regarding bone strength and resistance to fracture.Figure 5. A peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) apparatus, (XCT 2000 Stratec? Pforzheim).MusclePhysiologyMuscular tissue is built from muscle fibers, where each fiber contains thousands of thin strands, called myofibrils. Two overlapping protein filaments, actin and myosin, constitute myofibrils, and it is the interaction between actin and myosin that produces muscular contraction ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Huxley</Author><Year>1974</Year><RecNum>354</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">75</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>354</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469546718">354</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Huxley, A. F.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Muscular contraction</title><secondary-title>J Physiol</secondary-title><alt-title>The Journal of physiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Physiol</full-title><abbr-1>The Journal of physiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Physiol</full-title><abbr-1>The Journal of physiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-43</pages><volume>243</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Actins/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Action Potentials</keyword><keyword>Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Anura</keyword><keyword>Biomechanical Phenomena</keyword><keyword>Calcium/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Creatine/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Elasticity</keyword><keyword>Electric Stimulation</keyword><keyword>In Vitro Techniques</keyword><keyword>Membrane Potentials</keyword><keyword>Models, Biological</keyword><keyword>*Muscle Contraction</keyword><keyword>Muscles/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Myofibrils/metabolism/physiology</keyword><keyword>Myosins/metabolism</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1974</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0022-3751 (Print)
0022-3751 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>4449057</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> (Figure 6). Each muscle fiber is innervated by a single motor neuron, but each neuron can innervate thousands of muscle fibers. The fiber size increases 5–10-fold during growth, probably depending on workloadPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWxpbmE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA0PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWxpbmE8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA0PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 76. There are two types of muscle fibers, type I and type II. Type I fibers are slow-twitch, use aerobic metabolism, where PA leads to energy expenditure and hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and are dependent on the supply of creatine phosphorus (CK)PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IdXhsZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTc0PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IdXhsZXk8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTc0PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 75,77. Type II fibers are fast-twitch, are only in use during strenuous or very rapid activation, use anaerobic metabolism generating less energy and more lactate than type I fibers, and are dependent on oxygen access in the mitochondriaPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5WYW4gV2FhcmRlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5MDwvWWVh
cj48UmVjTnVtPjM3OTwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3Jp
cHQiPjc3LDc4PC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+Mzc5PC9y
ZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3
cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0NzEwOTMwMzQiPjM3OTwva2V5
PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYt
dHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+VmFuIFdhYXJkZSwgQS48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPlZhbiBkZW4gVGhpbGxhcnQsIEcuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5FcmtlbGVucywg
Qy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkFkZGluaywgQS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkx1Z3RlbmJ1cmcs
IEouPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RGVwYXJ0
bWVudCBvZiBCaW9sb2d5IChBbmltYWwgUGh5c2lvbG9neSksIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgb2YgTGVpZGVu
LCBHb3JsYWV1cyBMYWJvcmF0b3JpZXMsIFRoZSBOZXRoZXJsYW5kcy48L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48
dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5GdW5jdGlvbmFsIGNvdXBsaW5nIG9mIGdseWNvbHlzaXMgYW5kIHBob3Nw
aG9jcmVhdGluZSB1dGlsaXphdGlvbiBpbiBhbm94aWMgZmlzaCBtdXNjbGUuIEFuIGluIHZpdm8g
MzFQIE5NUiBzdHVkeTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIEJpb2wgQ2hlbTwvc2Vjb25k
YXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+VGhlIEpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYmlvbG9naWNhbCBjaGVtaXN0cnk8
L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJpb2wgQ2hlbTwv
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlRoZSBKb3VybmFsIG9mIGJpb2xvZ2ljYWwgY2hlbWlzdHJ5PC9h
YmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJpb2wgQ2hl
bTwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlRoZSBKb3VybmFsIG9mIGJpb2xvZ2ljYWwgY2hlbWlzdHJ5
PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+OTE0LTIzPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjI2
NTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MjwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZGVub3NpbmUg
RGlwaG9zcGhhdGUvbWV0YWJvbGlzbTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZGVub3NpbmUgVHJpcGhv
c3BoYXRlL21ldGFib2xpc208L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW5pbWFsczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5Bbm94aWEvKm1ldGFib2xpc208L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmlzaGVzPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPipHbHljb2x5c2lzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh5ZHJvZ2VuLUlvbiBDb25j
ZW50cmF0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hZ25ldGljIFJlc29uYW5jZSBTcGVjdHJvc2Nv
cHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWl0b2Nob25kcmlhLCBNdXNjbGUvbWV0YWJvbGlzbTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NdXNjbGVzLyptZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBob3Nw
aGF0ZXMvbWV0YWJvbGlzbTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QaG9zcGhvY3JlYXRpbmUvKm1ldGFi
b2xpc208L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MTk5MDwveWVhcj48cHViLWRh
dGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbiAxNTwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAwMjEtOTI1
OCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswMDIxLTkyNTggKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjIy
OTU2MjU8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cu
bmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMjI5NTYyNTwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJs
cz48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZWRibzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5ODg8
L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4zODA8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjM4MDwvcmVjLW51
bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNw
MGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDcxMDkzMTU2Ij4zODA8L2tleT48L2Zv
cmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+
PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPk1lZGJvLCBKLiBJLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+TW9obiwgQS4gQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlRhYmF0YSwgSS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y
PkJhaHIsIFIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5WYWFnZSwgTy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNlamVy
c3RlZCwgTy4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIFBoeXNpb2xvZ3ksIE5hdGlvbmFsIEluc3RpdHV0ZSBvZiBPY2N1cGF0
aW9uYWwgSGVhbHRoLCBPc2xvLCBOb3J3YXkuPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+
QW5hZXJvYmljIGNhcGFjaXR5IGRldGVybWluZWQgYnkgbWF4aW1hbCBhY2N1bXVsYXRlZCBPMiBk
ZWZpY2l0PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkogQXBwbCBQaHlzaW9sICgxOTg1KTwvc2Vj
b25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBhcHBsaWVkIHBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2Fs
dC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEFwcGwgUGh5c2lvbCAo
MTk4NSk8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGFwcGxpZWQgcGh5c2lvbG9neTwv
YWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBBcHBsIFBo
eXNpb2wgKDE5ODUpPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBhcHBsaWVkIHBoeXNp
b2xvZ3k8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz41MC02MDwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVt
ZT42NDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZGVub3Np
bmUgVHJpcGhvc3BoYXRlLypiaW9zeW50aGVzaXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW5hZXJvYmlvc2lzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFub3hpYS8qbWV0
YWJvbGlzbTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TGFjdGF0
ZXMvYmxvb2Q8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5PeHlnZW4g
Q29uc3VtcHRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlBoeXNpY2FsIEV4ZXJ0aW9uPC9rZXl3b3Jk
Pjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5ODg8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KYW48
L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj44NzUwLTc1ODcgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDE2
MS03NTY3IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4zMzU2NjY2PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24t
bnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3Yv
cHVibWVkLzMzNTY2NjY8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRl
PjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5WYW4gV2FhcmRlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5MDwvWWVh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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 77,78. Genetics largely determines the distribution of the two muscle fiber types, and conversion between type I and type II fibers is rare ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Ingalls</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>383</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">79</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>383</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471093277">383</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ingalls, C. P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Nature vs. nurture: can exercise really alter fiber type composition in human skeletal muscle?</title><secondary-title>J Appl Physiol (1985)</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of applied physiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Appl Physiol (1985)</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of applied physiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Appl Physiol (1985)</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of applied physiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1591-2</pages><volume>97</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>*Exercise/physiology</keyword><keyword>History, 20th Century</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology</keyword><keyword>*Muscle, Skeletal/physiology</keyword><keyword>Physiology/*history</keyword><keyword>United States</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>8750-7587 (Print)
0161-7567 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15475545</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> 6. The anatomy of a muscle fiber. There are three types of muscle contractions, concentric, eccentric and isometric. Concentric contraction is a contraction during shortening of the muscle, eccentric contraction is a contraction during elongation of the muscle and isometric contraction is a contraction during which the muscle maintains its length. During any motion all three types of contractions usually occur simultaneously in different muscle groups ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Rowland</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>356</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">80</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>356</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469548090">356</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rowland, TW</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Developmental exercise physiology</title></titles><pages>215-230</pages><dates><year>1996</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>80.Muscle strengthDefined as “the amount of force that can be produced by a muscle in a single contraction”, muscle strength reflects the tension created when actin slides past myosin filaments within the muscle fibrils ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Rowland</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>356</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">80</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>356</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469548090">356</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rowland, TW</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Developmental exercise physiology</title></titles><pages>215-230</pages><dates><year>1996</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>80. In children, muscle strength is associated with age, height and/or body stature, weight, gender and sexual maturityPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMzwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 81,82. Before puberty, muscle strength seems to increase in a linear fashion without associated muscle hypertrophy, while resistance training and gains in muscle strength are associated with muscular hypertrophy in adolescent boysPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdHJvbmc8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TdHJvbmc8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 83. In other words, in early childhood optimized neuromuscular function seems to be the mechanism behind exercise-induced increase in muscle strength, while hypertrophy becomes a factor during adolescence.MeasurementsA common way to measure muscle strength is by the use of isokinetic dynamometers in knee extension and flexion, measuring the highest peak torque in the quadriceps muscles (extension) and the hamstrings muscles (flexion) at the strongest point during the movement around the axis of rotationPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HYWluZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HYWluZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 84. There is however a need for further research to determine the validity of this much-used method in children ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jones</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>365</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">85</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>365</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469618494">365</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Jones,</author><author>Stratton, G.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Movement Science and Physical Education, University of Liverpool, England, UK. maj501@liverpool.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Muscle function assessment in children</title><secondary-title>Acta Paediatr</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta paediatrica</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Paediatr</full-title><abbr-1>Acta paediatrica</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Paediatr</full-title><abbr-1>Acta paediatrica</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>753-61</pages><volume>89</volume><number>7</number><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Biomechanical Phenomena</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/instrumentation</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Isometric Contraction</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Muscle Weakness/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Muscles/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Muscular Diseases/*diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Reproducibility of Results</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2000</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0803-5253 (Print)
0803-5253 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10943949</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Another method with high specificity is to utilize standardized weights during isotonic strength measurement, but this method is limited as it measures the maximum strength at the weakest point in the motion range ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Baker</Author><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>366</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">86</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>366</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469618838">366</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Baker, D.</author><author>Wilson, G.</author><author>Carlyon, B.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Centre for Human Movement Science and Sports Management, University of New England-Northern Rivers, NSW, Australia.</auth-address><titles><title>Generality versus specificity: a comparison of dynamic and isometric measures of strength and speed-strength</title><secondary-title>Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol</secondary-title><alt-title>European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol</full-title><abbr-1>European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol</full-title><abbr-1>European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>350-5</pages><volume>68</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Isometric Contraction</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>*Muscle Contraction</keyword><keyword>Muscles/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Physical Education and Training</keyword><keyword>Time Factors</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1994</year></dates><isbn>0301-5548 (Print)
0301-5548 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>8055895</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> School PerformancePhysiologyThe brain and the spinal cord constitute the central nervous system (CNS). Together with the peripheral nervous system (PNS) it can relay information to and from the brain to different parts of the body, thus allowing movement and sensory input. The brain is the body’s control center, constantly receiving and interpreting nerve signals from the body, and it responds based on this information ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Society</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>367</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">87</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>367</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1470127467">367</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>American Cancer Society</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults</title></titles><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>87. The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum, is divided into two hemispheres, where the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. The outer surface of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex or gray matter. It is the area of the brain where nerve cells (neurons) make connections, called synapses. Neurons might not be replaced or repaired if they are damaged. The inner area of the cerebrum, called the white matter, contains the insulated (myelinated) bodies of the nerve cells (axons) that relay information between the brain and spinal cord (Figure 7). Figure 7. Cross section visualisation of the brain, with its gray (cortex) and white matter. Figure by NIH Medline. The cerebrum is further divided into 4 sections on each side, called the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes (Figure 8). The frontal lobe is thought to control movement, speech, behavior, memory, emotions and intellectual functioning, such as thought processes, reasoning, problem solving, decision making and planning. The parietal lobes on the other hand seem to control sensations, such as touch, pressure, pain and temperature, and also spatial orientation (understanding of size, shape and direction). The temporal lobes are responsible for hearing, memory and emotions and the left temporal lobe also most often controls the speech. Vision has been found to be represented mainly in the occipital lobes ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Society</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>367</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">87</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>367</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1470127467">367</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>American Cancer Society</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults</title></titles><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>87.Figure 8. The lobes of the brain. Concentration is an overall control of thoughts and actions through focus, endurance and attention of the mind ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Barkley</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>368</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">88,89</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>368</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1470129013">368</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Barkley, R</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ADHD and the nature of self-control. </title><secondary-title>The Guilford Press</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>The Guilford Press</full-title></periodical><dates><year>1997</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Duvner</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>369</RecNum><record><rec-number>369</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1470129059">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Duvner, T</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ADHD</title><secondary-title>Liber</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Liber</full-title></periodical><dates><year>1997</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>88,89. Learning ability is closely connected to concentration, and neither has a specific anatomical location in the brain or body. Several factors have been postulated to affect concentration and academic performance, such as the support and availability of the parents, socio-economic level, parental education and PAPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYXJvb3E8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5GYXJvb3E8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 90-92. During recent decades there has been a trend of decreasing school results in several western countries ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>273</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">93</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>273</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1462948287">273</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Organisation for Co-operation and Development. PISA 2009</title><secondary-title>Results: Learning trends: Changes in Student Performance Since 2000. OECD Publishing, Paris. Available from: : Learning trends: Changes in Student Performance Since 2000. OECD Publishing, Paris. Available from: and therefore it should be considered an international issue.MeasurementsThe most common way to evaluate academic performance is through grades or grade point average (GPA). Within this system, different countries use different grading systems, some use numbers (e.g. 1–6) and others use letters (e.g. A–F) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>York</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>385</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">94</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>385</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471094921">385</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>York, TT. </author><author>Gibson, C. </author><author>Rankin, S. </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Defining and Measuring Academic Success</title><secondary-title>Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation.</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation.</full-title></periodical><volume>20</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>1531-7714</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>94. In Sweden there have been several different grading systems in use just during the last century. From 1897 to 1962 there was a seven-step grading system utilizing capital and small letters from a to c, either as single letters and as combinations. Then there was a five-step system using the numbers 1 to 5. In 1994, Sweden changed to a four-step system including the grades; Failed (0 points), Passed (10 points), Passed with Distinction (15 points) and Passed with Special Distinction (20 points), as a combined name- and points-system. Finally, in 2013 Sweden switched back to a letter-based grading system, this time running from A to F in six steps ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>370</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">95</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>370</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1470164780">370</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Swedish National Agency for Education. </title><secondary-title>Grading systems. Available from: systems. Available from: measurement for academic performance on a general level is the proportion of children with eligibility for upper secondary school programs. To qualify for national upper secondary school programs in Sweden the grade Passed in each of the subjects Swedish, English and Mathematics was required from 1994–2012. During recent decades the proportion of Swedish children who finished the 9th and final year of the compulsory school with eligibility for upper secondary school programs has decreased ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>272</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">96,97</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>272</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1462948210">272</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Swedish National Agency for Education. </title><secondary-title>Final Grades in Mandatory School, Spring 2015. Available from: Grades in Mandatory School, Spring 2015. Available from: app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1462948124">271</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Organisation for Co-operation and Development. </title><secondary-title>Improving schools in Sweden: an OECD perspective. OECD Publishing, Paris. Available from: schools in Sweden: an OECD perspective. OECD Publishing, Paris. Available from: . The proportion of eligible students was only 86% in 2015, the lowest proportion since 1998 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>272</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">96</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>272</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1462948210">272</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Swedish National Agency for Education. </title><secondary-title>Final Grades in Mandatory School, Spring 2015. Available from: Grades in Mandatory School, Spring 2015. Available from: . The decrease is a paradox since researchers claim that 100% of Swedish pupils have the potential and capacity to reach the goals for a pass grade in all school subjects ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Ekman</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>235</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">98</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>235</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1456100678">235</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ekman, R. </author><author>Dolan, T.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Kunskap om hj?rnan kan ge b?ttre skola [Knowledge about the brain can lead to a better school].</title><secondary-title>Sydsvenska Dagbladet 21 October 2010: A5.</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Sydsvenska Dagbladet 21 October 2010: A5.</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>98.Physical activityThe most commonly used definition of physical activity is “any bodily movement produced by the contraction of muscle that results in energy expenditure” ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Caspersen</Author><Year>1985</Year><RecNum>445</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">99</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>445</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1472028253">445</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Caspersen, C. J.</author><author>Powell, K. E.</author><author>Christenson, G. M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research</title><secondary-title>Public Health Rep</secondary-title><alt-title>Public health reports</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Public Health Rep</full-title><abbr-1>Public health reports</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Public Health Rep</full-title><abbr-1>Public health reports</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>126-31</pages><volume>100</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>Energy Metabolism</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Physical Exertion</keyword><keyword>*Physical Fitness</keyword><keyword>Research</keyword><keyword>*Terminology as Topic</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1985</year><pub-dates><date>Mar-Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0033-3549 (Print)
0033-3549 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>3920711</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Over millions of years, humans, like most other animals, have adapted to survive in an environment where our survival is dependent on our ability to move. Lack of movement, or physical activity, has been associated with diseases and early deathPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BbmRlcnNlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDY8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BbmRlcnNlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDY8L1llYXI+
PFJlY051bT4zODY8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0
Ij4xMDAtMTAzPC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+Mzg2PC9y
ZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3
cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0NzExNjUxMDUiPjM4Njwva2V5
PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYt
dHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+QW5kZXJzZW4sIEwuIEIuPC9hdXRo
b3I+PGF1dGhvcj5IYXJybywgTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNhcmRpbmhhLCBMLiBCLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RnJvYmVyZywgSy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkVrZWx1bmQsIFUuPC9hdXRo
b3I+PGF1dGhvcj5CcmFnZSwgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkFuZGVyc3NlbiwgUy4gQS48L2F1
dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50IG9m
IFNwb3J0cyBNZWRpY2luZSwgTm9yd2VnaWFuIFNjaG9vbCBvZiBTcG9ydCBTY2llbmNlcywgT3Ns
bywgTm9yd2F5LiBsYXJzLmJvLmFuZGVyc2VuQG5paC5ubzwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+
PHRpdGxlPlBoeXNpY2FsIGFjdGl2aXR5IGFuZCBjbHVzdGVyZWQgY2FyZGlvdmFzY3VsYXIgcmlz
ayBpbiBjaGlsZHJlbjogYSBjcm9zcy1zZWN0aW9uYWwgc3R1ZHkgKFRoZSBFdXJvcGVhbiBZb3V0
aCBIZWFydCBTdHVkeSk8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+TGFuY2V0PC9zZWNvbmRhcnkt
dGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5MYW5jZXQ8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5MYW5jZXQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5MYW5jZXQ8L2FiYnItMT48L3Bl
cmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkxhbmNldDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48
YWJici0xPkxhbmNldDwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjI5OS0zMDQ8L3Bh
Z2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MzY4PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj45NTMyPC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xlc2NlbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Qmxvb2QgUHJlc3N1cmU8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2FyZGlvdmFzY3VsYXIgRGlzZWFzZXMvKmV0aW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNyb3NzLVNlY3Rpb25hbCBTdHVkaWVzPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkV1cm9wZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qRXhlcmNpc2U8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipQaHlzaWNhbCBGaXRuZXNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPlJpc2sgRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA2
PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+SnVsIDIyPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+
PGlzYm4+MTQ3NC01NDdYIChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDE0MC02NzM2IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNi
bj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xNjg2MDY5OTwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11
cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xNjg2MDY5OTwvdXJs
PjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAxNi9T
MDE0MC02NzM2KDA2KTY5MDc1LTI8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwv
Q2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkxlZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDE8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4z
OTE8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjM5MTwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1r
ZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJy
d2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDcxMTY1MzYxIj4zOTE8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVm
LXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48
YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkxlZSwgSS4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlJleHJvZGUsIEsuIE0u
PC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Db29rLCBOLiBSLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+TWFuc29uLCBKLiBF
LjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QnVyaW5nLCBKLiBFLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRy
aWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkJyaWdoYW0gYW5kIFdvbWVuJmFwb3M7cyBIb3NwaXRhbCwg
OTAwIENvbW1vbndlYWx0aCBBdmUgRSwgQm9zdG9uLCBNQSAwMjIxNSwgVVNBLiBpLW1pbi5sZWVA
Y2hhbm5pbmcuaGFydmFyZC5lZHU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5QaHlzaWNh
bCBhY3Rpdml0eSBhbmQgY29yb25hcnkgaGVhcnQgZGlzZWFzZSBpbiB3b21lbjogaXMgJnF1b3Q7
bm8gcGFpbiwgbm8gZ2FpbiZxdW90OyBwYXNzZT88L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+SkFN
QTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+SmFtYTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxw
ZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkpBTUE8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5KYW1hPC9hYmJy
LTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KQU1BPC9mdWxsLXRp
dGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+SmFtYTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjE0NDctNTQ8
L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+Mjg1PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4xMTwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48
a2V5d29yZD5Db2hvcnQgU3R1ZGllczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Db3JvbmFyeSBEaXNlYXNl
LyplcGlkZW1pb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RW5lcmd5IE1ldGFib2xpc208L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkV4ZXJjaXNlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWlkZGxlIEFnZWQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+TXVsdGl2YXJpYXRlIEFuYWx5c2lzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByb3BvcnRpb25h
bCBIYXphcmRzIE1vZGVsczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SaXNrIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+U3VydmV5cyBhbmQgUXVlc3Rpb25uYWlyZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+V2Fs
a2luZzwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDAxPC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0
ZXM+PGRhdGU+TWFyIDIxPC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDA5OC03NDg0
IChQcmludCkmI3hEOzAwOTgtNzQ4NCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTEy
NTU0MjA8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cu
bmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTEyNTU0MjA8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3Vy
bHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+TGVlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMTwv
WWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjM5MjwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MzkyPC9yZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3Aw
ZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0NzExNjUzNzIiPjM5Mjwva2V5PjwvZm9y
ZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48
Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+TGVlLCBJLiBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
U2tlcnJldHQsIFAuIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFk
ZHJlc3M+QnJpZ2hhbSBhbmQgV29tZW4mYXBvcztzIEhvc3BpdGFsIGFuZCBIYXJ2YXJkIE1lZGlj
YWwgU2Nob29sLCBIYXJ2YXJkIFNjaG9vbCBvZiBQdWJsaWMgSGVhbHRoLCBCb3N0b24sIE1BIDAy
MjE1LCBVU0EuIGktbWluLmxlZUBjaGFubmluZy5oYXJ2YXJkLmVkdTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0
aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlBoeXNpY2FsIGFjdGl2aXR5IGFuZCBhbGwtY2F1c2UgbW9ydGFsaXR5OiB3
aGF0IGlzIHRoZSBkb3NlLXJlc3BvbnNlIHJlbGF0aW9uPzwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRs
ZT5NZWQgU2NpIFNwb3J0cyBFeGVyYzwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+TWVkaWNp
bmUgYW5kIHNjaWVuY2UgaW4gc3BvcnRzIGFuZCBleGVyY2lzZTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVz
PjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk1lZCBTY2kgU3BvcnRzIEV4ZXJjPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxl
PjxhYmJyLTE+TWVkaWNpbmUgYW5kIHNjaWVuY2UgaW4gc3BvcnRzIGFuZCBleGVyY2lzZTwvYWJi
ci0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+TWVkIFNjaSBTcG9y
dHMgRXhlcmM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5NZWRpY2luZSBhbmQgc2NpZW5jZSBpbiBzcG9y
dHMgYW5kIGV4ZXJjaXNlPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+UzQ1OS03MTsg
ZGlzY3Vzc2lvbiBTNDkzLTQ8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MzM8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjYgU3Vw
cGw8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdl
ZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DYXJkaW92YXNjdWxhciBQaHlzaW9sb2dpY2FsIFBoZW5vbWVu
YTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5FbmVyZ3kgTWV0YWJvbGlzbTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4q
RXhlcmNpc2U8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFu
czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBBZ2VkPC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipNb3J0YWxpdHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlBoeXNpY2FsIEZp
dG5lc3M8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UmVncmVzc2lvbiBBbmFseXNpczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5SaXNrIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+VGltZSBGYWN0b3JzPC9rZXl3b3Jk
Pjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDE8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KdW48
L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wMTk1LTkxMzEgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDE5
NS05MTMxIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xMTQyNzc3MjwvYWNjZXNzaW9u
LW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292
L3B1Ym1lZC8xMTQyNzc3MjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48L3JlY29yZD48L0Np
dGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TZXJ2aWNlcykuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwODwvWWVhcj48UmVj
TnVtPjM5MzwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MzkzPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3Jl
aWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6
ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0NzExNjU1NTgiPjM5Mzwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlz
PjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0
b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+VVNESEhTLiAoVS5TLiBEZXB0LiBvZiBIZWFsdGggYW5kIEh1
bWFuIFNlcnZpY2VzKS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48
dGl0bGU+UGh5c2ljYWwgQWN0aXZpdHkgYW5kIEhlYWx0aDogQSBSZXBvcnQgb2YgdGhlIFN1cmdl
b24gR2VuZXJhbCwgVS5TLiBEZXB0LiBvZiBIZWFsdGggYW5kIEh1bWFuIFNlcnZpY2VzLCBDZW50
ZXJzIGZvciBEaXNlYXNlIENvbnRyb2wgYW5kIFByZXZlbnRpb24sIEF0bGFudGEsIEdBLCBVU0Eu
PC90aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwODwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjx1cmxzPjwv
dXJscz48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PC9FbmROb3RlPgB=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 100-103. Technical advances, such as transportation, large food supplies and computers decrease our need to be physically active, resulting in increasingly sedentary lives. Measuring or estimating physical activity with accuracy is difficult. The most commonly used method is self-report by various questionnairesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaGluYXBhdzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTA8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaGluYXBhdzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTA8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 104,105 with the obvious limitation of subjectivity but with the advantage of low-cost and ease to administer. Doubly labeled water (DLW), heart rate monitors (HRM), pedometers and accelerometers are all objective measurements but have different limitations including high cost and no information about intensity, duration or frequency for the DLW ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Schoeller</Author><Year>1982</Year><RecNum>396</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">106</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>396</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471165811">396</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schoeller, D. A.</author><author>van Santen, E.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Measurement of energy expenditure in humans by doubly labeled water method</title><secondary-title>J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>955-9</pages><volume>53</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>Body Water/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Deuterium</keyword><keyword>*Energy Metabolism</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Oxygen Isotopes</keyword><keyword>*Radioisotope Dilution Technique</keyword><keyword>Water/*metabolism</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1982</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0161-7567 (Print)
0161-7567 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>6759491</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, influence of emotional stress, body size, temperature, age and fitness level for HRMPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LZXl0ZWw8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LZXl0ZWw8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 107, no information about intensity and duration for pedometers ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tudor-Locke</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>398</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">108</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>398</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471165938">398</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tudor-Locke, C.</author><author>Williams, J. E.</author><author>Reis, J. P.</author><author>Pluto, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Exercise and Wellness, Arizona State University East, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity: construct validity</title><secondary-title>Sports Med</secondary-title><alt-title>Sports medicine</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Sports Med</full-title><abbr-1>Sports medicine</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Sports Med</full-title><abbr-1>Sports medicine</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>281-91</pages><volume>34</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Age Factors</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Anthropometry</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Monitoring, Ambulatory/*instrumentation</keyword><keyword>Motor Activity/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Physical Fitness/physiology</keyword><keyword>Physiology/*instrumentation</keyword><keyword>Reproducibility of Results</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year></dates><isbn>0112-1642 (Print)
0112-1642 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15107007</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> and lack of registration in water and with activities without relative positional change, such as cycling, for accelerometers. During recent decades there has been a reduction in physical education (PE) in school in favor of academic subjects ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><RecNum>275</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">109</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>275</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1462949505">275</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment</title><secondary-title>Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of Medicine; Kohl HW III, Cook HD, editors. Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2013 Oct 30. Available from: doi: 10.17226/18314</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>109. In Sweden PE has been reduced from 20% to 7.5% during the most recent three decades ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Ericsson</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>252</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">110</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>252</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1458629337">252</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ericsson, I.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Thesis: Motor skills, attention and academic achievements - An intervention study in school year 1-3.</title><secondary-title>School of Education, Malm? University</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>School of Education, Malm? University</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2003</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>110. Also, only six out of 28 countries in Europe offered at least 180 min/week of PE in school ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>371</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">111</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>371</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1470226881">371</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>European Commision E, Eurodyce. </title><secondary-title>Physical Education and Sport at School in Europe. </secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Physical Education and Sport at School in Europe.</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>111. PA pattern during adulthood, however, seems moderately reflected by PA behavior during childhoodPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW1tZWxpbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+
PFJlY051bT4zOTk8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0
Ij4xMTItMTE0PC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+Mzk5PC9y
ZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3
cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0NzExNjYwODIiPjM5OTwva2V5
PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYt
dHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+VGFtbWVsaW4sIFQuPC9hdXRob3I+
PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+T3VsdSBSZWdpb25hbCBJbnN0
aXR1dGUgb2YgT2NjdXBhdGlvbmFsIEhlYWx0aCwgTGFib3JhdG9yeSBvZiBQaHlzaW9sb2d5LCBP
dWx1LCBGaW5sYW5kLiB0dWlqYS50YW1tZWxpbkB0dGwuZmk8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVz
Pjx0aXRsZT5BIHJldmlldyBvZiBsb25naXR1ZGluYWwgc3R1ZGllcyBvbiB5b3V0aCBwcmVkaWN0
b3JzIG9mIGFkdWx0aG9vZCBwaHlzaWNhbCBhY3Rpdml0eTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRs
ZT5JbnQgSiBBZG9sZXNjIE1lZCBIZWFsdGg8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPklu
dGVybmF0aW9uYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiBhZG9sZXNjZW50IG1lZGljaW5lIGFuZCBoZWFsdGg8L2Fs
dC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5JbnQgSiBBZG9sZXNjIE1l
ZCBIZWFsdGg8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5JbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYWRv
bGVzY2VudCBtZWRpY2luZSBhbmQgaGVhbHRoPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVy
aW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5JbnQgSiBBZG9sZXNjIE1lZCBIZWFsdGg8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+
PGFiYnItMT5JbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYWRvbGVzY2VudCBtZWRpY2luZSBhbmQg
aGVhbHRoPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+My0xMjwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVt
ZT4xNzwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNj
ZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xlc2NlbnQgQmVoYXZpb3IvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QXR0aXR1ZGUgdG8gSGVhbHRoPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkV4ZXJj
aXNlLypwc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkhlYWx0aCBCZWhhdmlvcjwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5IZWFsdGggUHJvbW90aW9uPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5MaWZlIFN0eWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkxvbmdpdHVkaW5hbCBT
dHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlBoeXNpY2FsIEZpdG5lc3MvKnBzeWNob2xvZ3k8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BvcnRzLypwc3ljaG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRh
dGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDU8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KYW4tTWFyPC9kYXRlPjwvcHVi
LWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDMzNC0wMTM5IChQcmludCkmI3hEOzAzMzQtMDEzOSAoTGlu
a2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTU5MDA4MDc8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+
PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTU5
MDA4MDc8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxB
dXRob3I+VGF5bG9yPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5OTwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjQwMDwvUmVjTnVt
PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+NDAwPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBh
cHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1l
c3RhbXA9IjE0NzExNjYxMDMiPjQwMDwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1l
PSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxh
dXRob3I+VGF5bG9yLCBXLiBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+QmxhaXIsIFMuIE4uPC9hdXRob3I+
PGF1dGhvcj5DdW1taW5ncywgUy4gUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPld1biwgQy4gQy48L2F1dGhv
cj48YXV0aG9yPk1hbGluYSwgUi4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+
PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5DZW50ZXIgZm9yIEhlYWx0aCBQcm9tb3Rpb24gUmVzZWFyY2ggYW5kIERl
dmVsb3BtZW50LCBUaGUgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBUZXhhcy1Ib3VzdG9uIEhlYWx0aCBTY2llbmNl
IENlbnRlciwgU2Nob29sIG9mIFB1YmxpYyBIZWFsdGggNzcwMzAtOTk2MCwgVVNBLjwvYXV0aC1h
ZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkNoaWxkaG9vZCBhbmQgYWRvbGVzY2VudCBwaHlzaWNhbCBh
Y3Rpdml0eSBwYXR0ZXJucyBhbmQgYWR1bHQgcGh5c2ljYWwgYWN0aXZpdHk8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNv
bmRhcnktdGl0bGU+TWVkIFNjaSBTcG9ydHMgRXhlcmM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRp
dGxlPk1lZGljaW5lIGFuZCBzY2llbmNlIGluIHNwb3J0cyBhbmQgZXhlcmNpc2U8L2FsdC10aXRs
ZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5NZWQgU2NpIFNwb3J0cyBFeGVyYzwv
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPk1lZGljaW5lIGFuZCBzY2llbmNlIGluIHNwb3J0cyBhbmQgZXhl
cmNpc2U8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk1l
ZCBTY2kgU3BvcnRzIEV4ZXJjPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+TWVkaWNpbmUgYW5kIHNjaWVu
Y2UgaW4gc3BvcnRzIGFuZCBleGVyY2lzZTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2Vz
PjExOC0yMzwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4zMTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3
b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNjZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkb2xlc2NlbnQgQmVo
YXZpb3I8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QXR0aXR1ZGUg
dG8gSGVhbHRoPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxk
IEJlaGF2aW9yPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipFeGVyY2lzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5I
dW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkxpZmUgU3R5bGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFs
ZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qUGh5c2lj
YWwgRml0bmVzczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SZXRyb3NwZWN0aXZlIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BvcnRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5OTk8
L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5KYW48L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNi
bj4wMTk1LTkxMzEgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDE5NS05MTMxIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNz
aW9uLW51bT45OTI3MDE5PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5o
dHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzk5MjcwMTk8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQt
dXJscz48L3VybHM+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+VGVsYW1hPC9BdXRob3I+
PFllYXI+MjAwNTwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjQ5PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj40
OTwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0
ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxMzgwNzE3MjM4Ij40OTwv
a2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9y
ZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+VGVsYW1hLCBSLjwvYXV0aG9y
PjxhdXRob3I+WWFuZywgWC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlZpaWthcmksIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1
dGhvcj5WYWxpbWFraSwgSS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPldhbm5lLCBPLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+UmFpdGFrYXJpLCBPLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1h
ZGRyZXNzPkxJS0VTIFJlc2VhcmNoIENlbnRlciwgS2VsdGF2dW9ra28gNEMsIDQwNTIwIEp5dmFz
a3lsYSwgRmlubGFuZC4gcmlzdG8udGVsYW1hQHNwb3J0Lmp5dS5maTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0
aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlBoeXNpY2FsIGFjdGl2aXR5IGZyb20gY2hpbGRob29kIHRvIGFkdWx0aG9v
ZDogYSAyMS15ZWFyIHRyYWNraW5nIHN0dWR5PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkFtIEog
UHJldiBNZWQ8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkFtZXJpY2FuIGpvdXJuYWwgb2Yg
cHJldmVudGl2ZSBtZWRpY2luZTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxs
LXRpdGxlPkFtIEogUHJldiBNZWQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5BbWVyaWNhbiBqb3VybmFs
IG9mIHByZXZlbnRpdmUgbWVkaWNpbmU8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkFtIEogUHJldiBNZWQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5BbWVyaWNh
biBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHByZXZlbnRpdmUgbWVkaWNpbmU8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2Fs
PjxwYWdlcz4yNjctNzM8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+Mjg8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjM8L251bWJl
cj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZ2UgRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZCwgUHJlc2Nob29sPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvaG9ydCBT
dHVkaWVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvbmZpZGVuY2UgSW50ZXJ2YWxzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPipFeGVyY2lzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+RmlubGFuZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Kkxl
aXN1cmUgQWN0aXZpdGllczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PlF1ZXN0aW9ubmFpcmVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDU8L3ll
YXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5BcHI8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4w
NzQ5LTM3OTcgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDc0OS0zNzk3IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9u
LW51bT4xNTc2NjYxNDwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0
cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xNTc2NjYxNDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11
cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAxNi9qLmFtZXByZS4yMDA0
LjEyLjAwMzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90
ZT5=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW1tZWxpbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 112-114, providing arguments enough for increased level of PA in children. Falls and FracturesSeveral fall-prevention programs have shown a fall-reductive effect in randomized controlled trials (RCT)PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HYXJkbmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMDwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HYXJkbmVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMDwvWWVhcj48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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 115-118, including programs with different approaches such as physical exercise, home hazard modifications, adjustment of psychotropic medication, modification of multi-pharmacy and anti-slip shoe devices. Falls account for about 15% of vertebral fractures and 90% of hip fracturesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Db3V0aW5obzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Db3V0aW5obzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 119 and fall-preventive interventions should therefore be provided in a structured approach to the elderly, especially high-risk groups, to reduce the number of falls and fallersPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYW1lcm9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DYW1lcm9uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 120. Many guidelines suggest that all women above 65 years should be screened for osteoporosis, using DXA, the fracture risk assessment tool FRAX? or both, to detect individuals at high risk of sustaining a fragility fracture, in order to treat osteoporosis with bisphosphonates or other antiresorptive agentsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OZWxzb248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OZWxzb248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 121,122. If presenting one or more risk factors, women should be screened at a younger agePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW08L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW08L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 123, while the benefits of screening men are still debatedPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW08L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW08L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA5PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 123,124.Movement increases the risk of falling and sustaining injuries. During childhood the appendicular skeleton initially grows rapidly while BMC lags behind, resulting in a relative increase in skeleton size compared to mineralization, rendering a reduction in aBMD. This means a temporarily more fragile skeleton, with the peak in childhood fracture risk at age 11 in girls and age 14 in boysPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MYW5kaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTgzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MYW5kaW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTgzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 14,125. Since coordination usually is less developed during this period, increased movement or exercise could result in increased fracture riskPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 20. Most studies investigating the long-term effect of exercise during youth or adult life indicate improved bone mass, structure and resistance to fracturePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UdmVpdDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UdmVpdDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 126, leaving an open debate between increased short-term fracture risk and long-term musculoskeletal benefits. SkeletonIn 1987, Dr. Harold Frost proposed the idea that bone adapts to the mechanical stress it is exposed to ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Frost</Author><Year>1987</Year><RecNum>413</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">127</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>413</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471167091">413</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Frost, H. M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Southern Colorado Clinic, Pueblo 81004.</auth-address><titles><title>Bone "mass" and the "mechanostat": a proposal</title><secondary-title>Anat Rec</secondary-title><alt-title>The Anatomical record</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Anat Rec</full-title><abbr-1>The Anatomical record</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Anat Rec</full-title><abbr-1>The Anatomical record</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-9</pages><volume>219</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Biomechanical Phenomena</keyword><keyword>Bone Development</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fluorides/pharmacology</keyword><keyword>Genetics</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Menopause</keyword><keyword>*Models, Biological</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis/etiology</keyword><keyword>Space Flight</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1987</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0003-276X (Print)
0003-276X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>3688455</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The notion that the effects of exercise on bone are age- and maturity-dependent, where the late pre- and early pubertal years (Tanner stage 2 and 3) seem to be a “window of opportunity” to influence bone at a maximum level through PAPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNzwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNzwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 38,128, is supported by several RCTs and non-randomized controlled exercise interventions (Table 3), and the skeletal response to exercise is smaller in adults than in children and adolescents. To produce the most pronounced skeletal response, the load of the exercise should be fast, dynamic, high in magnitude with unusual or abnormal strains and intermittent resting periods included between sessionsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MYW55b248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTkyPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MYW55b248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTkyPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 129,130, such as weight lifting, tennis, hockey and soccer ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Leigey</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>418</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">131</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>418</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471167520">418</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Leigey, D.</author><author>Irrgang, J.</author><author>Francis, K.</author><author>Cohen, P.</author><author>Wright, V.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</auth-address><titles><title>Participation in high-impact sports predicts bone mineral density in senior olympic athletes</title><secondary-title>Sports Health</secondary-title><alt-title>Sports health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Sports Health</full-title><abbr-1>Sports health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Sports Health</full-title><abbr-1>Sports health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>508-13</pages><volume>1</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1941-7381 (Print)
1941-0921 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23015914</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Smaller effects have been observed in long-distance runnersPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZXRsYW5kPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5MzwvWWVhcj48
UmVjTnVtPjQyMDwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQi
PjEzMiwxMzM8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj40MjA8L3Jl
Yy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdw
d2VzcDBlcGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ3MTE2NzYxNSI+NDIwPC9rZXk+
PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10
eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5IZXRsYW5kLCBNLiBMLjwvYXV0aG9y
PjxhdXRob3I+SGFhcmJvLCBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Q2hyaXN0aWFuc2VuLCBDLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkNlbnRlciBmb3IgQ2xp
bmljYWwgYW5kIEJhc2ljIFJlc2VhcmNoLCBCYWxsZXJ1cCwgRGVubWFyay48L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5Mb3cgYm9uZSBtYXNzIGFuZCBoaWdoIGJvbmUgdHVybm92ZXIgaW4g
bWFsZSBsb25nIGRpc3RhbmNlIHJ1bm5lcnM8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+SiBDbGlu
IEVuZG9jcmlub2wgTWV0YWI8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPlRoZSBKb3VybmFs
IG9mIGNsaW5pY2FsIGVuZG9jcmlub2xvZ3kgYW5kIG1ldGFib2xpc208L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3Rp
dGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIENsaW4gRW5kb2NyaW5vbCBNZXRhYjwvZnVs
bC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlRoZSBKb3VybmFsIG9mIGNsaW5pY2FsIGVuZG9jcmlub2xvZ3kgYW5k
IG1ldGFib2xpc208L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRp
dGxlPkogQ2xpbiBFbmRvY3Jpbm9sIE1ldGFiPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+VGhlIEpvdXJu
YWwgb2YgY2xpbmljYWwgZW5kb2NyaW5vbG9neSBhbmQgbWV0YWJvbGlzbTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0
LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjc3MC01PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjc3PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJl
cj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFs
a2FsaW5lIFBob3NwaGF0YXNlL2Jsb29kPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFtaW5vIEFjaWRzL3Vy
aW5lPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvZHkgTWFzcyBJbmRleDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4q
Qm9uZSBEZW5zaXR5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipCb25lIFJlbW9kZWxpbmc8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+R29uYWRhbCBTdGVyb2lkIEhvcm1vbmVzL2Jsb29kPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
Pkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1pZGRsZSBB
Z2VkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk9zdGVvY2FsY2luL2Jsb29kPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PlJ1bm5pbmcvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BpbmUvbWV0YWJvbGlzbTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5UZXN0b3N0ZXJvbmUvYmxvb2Q8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48
ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MTk5MzwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPlNlcDwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1k
YXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAwMjEtOTcyWCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswMDIxLTk3MlggKExpbmtp
bmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjgzNzA2OTg8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJl
bGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvODM3MDY5
ODwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAu
MTIxMC9qY2VtLjc3LjMuODM3MDY5ODwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+
PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+TmlrYW5kZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA1PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MTA5PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4xMDk8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZv
cmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2VzcDBlcGFzeGV4
c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTM5MjM2NDI0MyI+MTA5PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtl
eXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmli
dXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5OaWthbmRlciwgUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlNpZXZh
bmVuLCBILjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SGVpbm9uZW4sIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LYW5u
dXMsIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+Qm9u
ZSBSZXNlYXJjaCBHcm91cCwgVUtLIEluc3RpdHV0ZSBmb3IgSGVhbHRoIFByb21vdGlvbiBSZXNl
YXJjaCwgVGFtcGVyZSwgRmlubGFuZC4gcmluaWthbmRAY2Muanl1LmZpPC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+
PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+RmVtb3JhbCBuZWNrIHN0cnVjdHVyZSBpbiBhZHVsdCBmZW1hbGUgYXRo
bGV0ZXMgc3ViamVjdGVkIHRvIGRpZmZlcmVudCBsb2FkaW5nIG1vZGFsaXRpZXM8L3RpdGxlPjxz
ZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+SiBCb25lIE1pbmVyIFJlczwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0
bGU+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBib25lIGFuZCBtaW5lcmFsIHJlc2VhcmNoIDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpv
dXJuYWwgb2YgdGhlIEFtZXJpY2FuIFNvY2lldHkgZm9yIEJvbmUgYW5kIE1pbmVyYWwgUmVzZWFy
Y2g8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIEJvbmUgTWlu
ZXIgUmVzPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBib25lIGFuZCBtaW5lcmFsIHJl
c2VhcmNoIDogdGhlIG9mZmljaWFsIGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgdGhlIEFtZXJpY2FuIFNvY2lldHkgZm9y
IEJvbmUgYW5kIE1pbmVyYWwgUmVzZWFyY2g8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogQm9uZSBNaW5lciBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5K
b3VybmFsIG9mIGJvbmUgYW5kIG1pbmVyYWwgcmVzZWFyY2ggOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5h
bCBvZiB0aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgQm9uZSBhbmQgTWluZXJhbCBSZXNlYXJjaDwv
YWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjUyMC04PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjIwPC92
b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj4zPC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUgRGVuc2l0eS8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1h
bGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RmVtdXIgTmVjay8qcGh5c2lvbG9neS9yYWRpb2dyYXBoeTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+UGh5c2ljYWwgRml0bmVz
cy9waHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNwb3J0cy8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29y
ZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDA1PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+TWFy
PC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MDg4NC0wNDMxIChQcmludCkmI3hEOzA4
ODQtMDQzMSAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTU3NDY5OTg8L2FjY2Vzc2lv
bi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdv
di9wdWJtZWQvMTU3NDY5OTg8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMt
cmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEzNTkvSkJNUi4wNDExMTk8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVt
PjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IZXRsYW5kPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk5MzwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 132,133 whereas no or minimal effects have been shown in endurance sports without weight bearing, such as swimming and cycling ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Nikander</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>109</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">133</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>109</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1392364243">109</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nikander, R.</author><author>Sievanen, H.</author><author>Heinonen, A.</author><author>Kannus, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Bone Research Group, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland. rinikand@cc.jyu.fi</auth-address><titles><title>Femoral neck structure in adult female athletes subjected to different loading modalities</title><secondary-title>J Bone Miner Res</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Bone Miner Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Bone Miner Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>520-8</pages><volume>20</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Bone Density/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Femur Neck/*physiology/radiography</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Physical Fitness/physiology</keyword><keyword>Sports/*physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0884-0431 (Print)
0884-0431 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15746998</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. It has also been shown that the skeletal response to exercise is regional and site-specificPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYW5udXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5LYW5udXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 37,134. Muscles are responsible for a large portion of the load and strains on bone, and it has been demonstrated that the increase in bone parameters during growth and in response to exercise is to a large extent mediated through muscle tissue ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Schoenau</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>424</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">135</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>424</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471167963">424</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schoenau, E.</author><author>Frost, H. M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany.</auth-address><titles><title>The "muscle-bone unit" in children and adolescents</title><secondary-title>Calcif Tissue Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Calcified tissue international</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>405-7</pages><volume>70</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Biomechanical Phenomena</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Endocrine System/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Exercise/physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Models, Biological</keyword><keyword>Muscles/*physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2002</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0171-967X (Print)
0171-967X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>11960207</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, even though muscle area could explain only 12–16% of the variance in bone mass, size and bending strength ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Daly</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>55</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">136</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>55</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1381909550">55</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Daly, R. M.</author><author>Saxon, L.</author><author>Turner, C. H.</author><author>Robling, A. G.</author><author>Bass, S. L.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. rmdaly@deakin.edu.au</auth-address><titles><title>The relationship between muscle size and bone geometry during growth and in response to exercise</title><secondary-title>Bone</secondary-title><alt-title>Bone</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Bone</full-title><abbr-1>Bone</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Bone</full-title><abbr-1>Bone</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>281-7</pages><volume>34</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Exercise/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Functional Laterality</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant, Newborn</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Muscle, Skeletal/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development</keyword><keyword>Puberty/physiology</keyword><keyword>Tennis</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2004</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>8756-3282 (Print)
1873-2763 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>14962806</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> studies have shown that exercise-induced skeletal benefits during growth remain in adulthoodPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXh0ZXItSm9uZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA4PC9Z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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CYXh0ZXItSm9uZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA4PC9Z
ZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MjI8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2Ny
aXB0Ij4xMzcsMTM4PC9zdHlsZT48L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MjI8
L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVy
ZXdwd2VzcDBlcGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTM4MDcxNjE0NSI+MjI8L2tl
eT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVm
LXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkJheHRlci1Kb25lcywgQS4gRC48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkVpc2VubWFubiwgSi4gQy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1pcndhbGQs
IFIuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5GYXVsa25lciwgUi4gQS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJh
aWxleSwgRC4gQS48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVz
cz5Db2xsZWdlIG9mIEtpbmVzaW9sb2d5LCBVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFNhc2thdGNoZXdhbiwgODcg
Q2FtcHVzIERyLiwgU2Fza2F0b29uLCBTSyBTN04gNUIyLCBDYW5hZGEuIGJheHRlci5qb25lc0B1
c2Fzay5jYTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlRoZSBpbmZsdWVuY2Ugb2YgcGh5
c2ljYWwgYWN0aXZpdHkgb24gbGVhbiBtYXNzIGFjY3J1YWwgZHVyaW5nIGFkb2xlc2NlbmNlOiBh
IGxvbmdpdHVkaW5hbCBhbmFseXNpczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIEFwcGwgUGh5
c2lvbCAoMTk4NSk8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYXBwbGll
ZCBwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+
SiBBcHBsIFBoeXNpb2wgKDE5ODUpPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+Sm91cm5hbCBvZiBhcHBs
aWVkIHBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxs
LXRpdGxlPkogQXBwbCBQaHlzaW9sICgxOTg1KTwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkpvdXJuYWwg
b2YgYXBwbGllZCBwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+NzM0
LTQxPC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjEwNTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MjwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jk
cz48a2V5d29yZD5BZG9sZXNjZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkFnaW5nL3BoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QW50aHJvcG9tZXRyeTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb2R5IENvbXBvc2l0aW9uLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkV4ZXJjaXNlLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5
d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TG9uZ2l0dWRpbmFsIFN0dWRp
ZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Nb2RlbHMsIFN0YXRp
c3RpY2FsPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNhc2thdGNoZXdhbjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5T
ZXggQ2hhcmFjdGVyaXN0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDg8
L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5BdWc8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNi
bj44NzUwLTc1ODcgKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDE2MS03NTY3IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNz
aW9uLW51bT4xODQ2NzU0NjwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+
aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xODQ2NzU0NjwvdXJsPjx1cmw+aHR0
cDovL2phcC5waHlzaW9sb2d5Lm9yZy9jb250ZW50LzEwNS8yLzczNC5mdWxsLnBkZjwvdXJsPjwv
cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTE1Mi9qYXBw
bHBoeXNpb2wuMDA4NjkuMjAwNzwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9D
aXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+RGFseTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDY8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT40
MjU8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjQyNTwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1r
ZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJy
d2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDcxMTY4MDg5Ij40MjU8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVm
LXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48
YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkRhbHksIFIuIE0uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5CYXNzLCBTLiBMLjwv
YXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkNlbnRyZSBmb3Ig
UGh5c2ljYWwgQWN0aXZpdHkgYW5kIE51dHJpdGlvbiBSZXNlYXJjaCwgU2Nob29sIG9mIEV4ZXJj
aXNlIGFuZCBOdXRyaXRpb24gU2NpZW5jZXMsIERlYWtpbiBVbml2ZXJzaXR5LCAyMjEgQnVyd29v
ZCBIaWdod2F5LCBCdXJ3b29kLCBNZWxib3VybmUsIDMxMjUsIEF1c3RyYWxpYS4gcm1kYWx5QGRl
YWtpbi5lZHUuYXU8L2F1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5MaWZldGltZSBzcG9ydCBh
bmQgbGVpc3VyZSBhY3Rpdml0eSBwYXJ0aWNpcGF0aW9uIGlzIGFzc29jaWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBncmVh
dGVyIGJvbmUgc2l6ZSwgcXVhbGl0eSBhbmQgc3RyZW5ndGggaW4gb2xkZXIgbWVuPC90aXRsZT48
c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRs
ZT5Pc3Rlb3Bvcm9zaXMgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCA6IGEgam91cm5hbCBlc3RhYmxpc2hlZCBhcyBy
ZXN1bHQgb2YgY29vcGVyYXRpb24gYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gRm91bmRhdGlvbiBmb3Ig
T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGFuZCB0aGUgTmF0aW9uYWwgT3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gb2Yg
dGhlIFVTQTwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9zdGVv
cG9yb3MgSW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwg
OiBhIGpvdXJuYWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQgYXMgcmVzdWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4g
dGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24gZm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlvbmFs
IE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBVU0E8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+
PGFsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk9zdGVvcG9yb3MgSW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxh
YmJyLTE+T3N0ZW9wb3Jvc2lzIGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgOiBhIGpvdXJuYWwgZXN0YWJsaXNoZWQg
YXMgcmVzdWx0IG9mIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIGJldHdlZW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIEZvdW5kYXRpb24g
Zm9yIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBhbmQgdGhlIE5hdGlvbmFsIE9zdGVvcG9yb3NpcyBGb3VuZGF0aW9u
IG9mIHRoZSBVU0E8L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4xMjU4LTY3PC9wYWdl
cz48dm9sdW1lPjE3PC92b2x1bWU+PG51bWJlcj44PC9udW1iZXI+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3Jk
PkFic29ycHRpb21ldHJ5LCBQaG90b248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5BZ2VkLCA4MCBhbmQgb3Zlcjwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qQm9uZSBEZW5zaXR5
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNhbGNhbmV1cy91bHRyYXNvbm9ncmFwaHk8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipMZWlzdXJlIEFjdGl2aXRpZXM8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD4qU3BvcnRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlRvbW9ncmFwaHksIFgtUmF5IENvbXB1
dGVkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPldlaWdodC1CZWFyaW5nPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+
PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjIwMDY8L3llYXI+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wOTM3LTk0MVggKFByaW50KSYj
eEQ7MDkzNy05NDFYIChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xNjY4MDQ5ODwvYWNj
ZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5u
aWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xNjY4MDQ5ODwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ry
b25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAwNy9zMDAxOTgtMDA2LTAxMTQtMTwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1y
ZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 137,138, even after reduction or even discontinuation of sports activitiesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OaWxzc29uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OaWxzc29uPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48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 EN.CITE.DATA 139. This highlights that exercise during growth may either lay the foundation for a physically active lifestyle or result in skeletal benefits that are retained in older agesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW1tZWxpbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UYW1tZWxpbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 112-114.MusclePA does not only stimulate cross-sectional growth of the muscle fibers, mitochondrial biogenesis, synthesis of oxidative enzymes and excitation-contraction coupling improvements, but also stimulates increased recruitment of muscle units, neoangiogenesis and coordination benefits ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Marini</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>427</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">140</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>427</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471168428">427</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Marini, M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The Exercised Skeletal Muscle: A review. </title><secondary-title>European Translational Myology - Myology reviews. </secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>European Translational Myology - Myology reviews.</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>140. In line with the type I fibers using aerobic metabolism and type II fibers using anaerobic metabolism, endurance training with multiple repetition with low loads improves the type I fibers through increased mitochondrial oxidative chain capacity, whereas resistance training with low repetition frequency and increased loads has a greater impact on type II fibers and muscle strength through muscle cross-section hypertrophyPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HYXJjaWEtUGFsbGFyZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEx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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HYXJjaWEtUGFsbGFyZXM8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEx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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 141-143. Hence, there are benefits to both training modalities, and the aim and genetic potential of the individual determines the best individual exercise program.While several studies have reported a marked increase in the effect of training on muscle mass in males compared to females during late puberty, most probably due to androgen effects on protein synthesisPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Sb2dvbDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDA8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Sb2dvbDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDA8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 144,145, a meta-analysis evaluating the effects of resistance training on muscle strength in children and adolescents showed that the possibility to gain muscle strength seems to increase with maturation and age, but without a clear boost during puberty ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Behringer</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>363</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">146</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>363</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1469550018">363</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Behringer, M.</author><author>Vom Heede, A.</author><author>Yue, Z.</author><author>Mester, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany. behringer@dshs-koeln.de</auth-address><titles><title>Effects of resistance training in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis</title><secondary-title>Pediatrics</secondary-title><alt-title>Pediatrics</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatrics</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatrics</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>e1199-210</pages><volume>126</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adolescent Development/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Age Factors</keyword><keyword>Athletic Performance/physiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child Development/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Muscle Strength/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Physical Endurance/physiology</keyword><keyword>Puberty/physiology</keyword><keyword>*Resistance Training</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20974785</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Whether there is a “window of opportunity” to gain muscle strength during puberty is therefore still debated.Academic School PerformanceHigh level of PA has been associated with better intellectual performancePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CdW5rZXRvcnAgS2FsbDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CdW5rZXRvcnAgS2FsbDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTU8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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 91,92. Some studies infer that PA may have direct positive effects on the nervous system by increasing brain volume, blood flow to the brain, synaptic plasticity, as well as promoting formation of nerve cells, all involved in different aspects of perception, cognition, memory and attentionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OZWVwZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OZWVwZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 147-150. Other studies suggest that PA has positive effects on psychological parameters such as self-esteem, motivation, social engagement and communication, all of importance for learning outcomes ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><RecNum>275</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">109</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>275</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1462949505">275</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment</title><secondary-title>Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of Medicine; Kohl HW III, Cook HD, editors. Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2013 Oct 30. Available from: doi: 10.17226/18314</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>109. There are even studies suggesting that inferior motor skills might lead to negative effects in these psychological parameters and delay cognitive development ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Cratty</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>248</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">151,152</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>248</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1456889578">248</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cratty, B. </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Coordination Problems Among Learning Disabled, In B. Cratty & R. Goldman (Eds.)</title><secondary-title>Learning Disabilities, Contemporary Viewpoints. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Learning Disabilities, Contemporary Viewpoints. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.</full-title></periodical><dates><year>1997</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Gjesing</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>246</RecNum><record><rec-number>246</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1456889408">246</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gjesing, G. </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Kropumulige Unger. </title><secondary-title>K?penhamn: DHLs f?rlag.</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>K?penhamn: DHLs f?rlag.</full-title></periodical><dates><year>1997</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>151,152. Furthermore, reports also show an association between PA and attention and academic test resultsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IaWxsbWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwODwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IaWxsbWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwODwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 153,154, a link between higher levels of PA and the ability to concentrate in the classroom, which also could be of importance for academic achievement. Few studies have addressed the hypothesis and most have included small samples, been short-term and used different surrogate endpoints for academic performancePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaW5naDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTI8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TaW5naDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTI8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 155-157, possibly explaining the divergent conclusions. Since no intervention studies with prospective controlled study design are available and those only few of the others have used the clinical relevant endpoint “eligibility for upper secondary school programs” and none has been made on a national level, there is no consensus on the effect of increased PA on academic school performance.Adverse effectsSince most falls and fractures in young age occur during movement, an adverse effect of PA could be increased fall and fracture risk. Previous research shows that vigorous PA, including gymnastics, swimming, aerobics, running, dancing, netball or similar activities, is associated with high fracture risk in childrenPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 20.Another possible adverse effect of increased PA is the female athlete triad, defined as the combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis, possibly resulting in premature osteoporotic fractures and permanent loss of aBMD ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hobart</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>449</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">158</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>449</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1473249787">449</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hobart, J. A.</author><author>Smucker, D. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>University of Cincinnati, Family Medicine Residency Program, Ohio 45239, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>The female athlete triad</title><secondary-title>Am Fam Physician</secondary-title><alt-title>American family physician</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Am Fam Physician</full-title><abbr-1>American family physician</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Am Fam Physician</full-title><abbr-1>American family physician</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>3357-64, 3367</pages><volume>61</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>*Amenorrhea/diagnosis/etiology/therapy</keyword><keyword>*Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis/etiology/therapy</keyword><keyword>*Bulimia/diagnosis/etiology/therapy</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>*Exercise</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Life Style</keyword><keyword>Patient Education as Topic</keyword><keyword>Prognosis</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>*Sports</keyword><keyword>Teaching Materials</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2000</year><pub-dates><date>Jun 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0002-838X (Print)
0002-838X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10865930</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> 3. Exercise intervention trials and their effect on skeletal traits in children. ReferenceAge and Number of ParticipantsType of Exercise/PAStudy DurationEffects on Bone Increase, higher in Cases vs. ControlsTanner stage 1 – Pre-pubertalGunter et al. 200822 girls34 boys7–8 yearsHigh-moderate impact jumps 20 min ×3/week7 monthsBMC: FNWiebe et al.200842 girls6–10 yearsHigh-moderate impact jumps 50 min ×3/week7 monthsaBMD: No effectsBradney et al.199838 boys10.4±0.4 yearsWeight bearing 30 min ×3/week8 monthsaBMD: TB, LS, LegsCT: LegsMacKay et al.2000144 children6.9–10.2 yearsHigh-moderate impact 10–30 min ×3/week8 monthsaBMD: TrFuchs et al.200099 children7.6±0.2 yearsHigh impact jumping7 monthsBMC: FN, LSaBMD; LS, BW: FNPetit et al200268 children10.0±0.6 yearsHigh impact 10–12 min ×3/week7 monthsNo effectsVan Langendonck et al.200342 children8.7±0.7 yearsHigh impact ×3/week9 monthsBMC: PF, FNSpecker et al. 2003178 girls3.9±0.6 yearsHigh impact30 min ×5/week12 monthsBMC: LegsMacKelvie et al. 200464 boys10.2±0.2 yearsHigh impact10–12 min ×5/week20 monthsBMC: FNHSA: ZLaing et al.2005143 girls10.2±0.2 yearsGymnastics60 min /week24 monthsBMC: TB, LS, PFaBMD: TB, PFBA: TB, PFValdimarsson et al. 2005103 girls7.7±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week12 monthsBMS: Tr, LSLinden et al. 200699 girls7.6±0.6PE classes40 min ×5/week24 monthsBMC: LS, Legs, aBMD: TB, LS, LegsBW: LSLinden et al. 2007138 boys7.8±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week24 monthsBMC: LS, Legs, aBMD: TB, LS, LegsBW: LSAlwis et al. 2008137 boys7.8±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week24 monthsBMC: LSBW: LSAlwis et al. 200899 girls7.6±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week24 monthsHSA: No effectsHasselstr?m et al. 2008349 children6.8±0.4 yearsPE classes45 min ×2/week36 monthsGirlsBMC: Distal forearmBA: Distal forearmBoysNo effectsGreene et al. 200942 girls6–10 yearsHigh-moderate impact jumps50 min ×3/week7 monthsHSA: No effectsMeyer et al. 2011158 children8.7±2.1 yearsPE classes45 min including 10 min of jumping ×2/week9 monthsBMC: TB, LS, FNTanner stage 2–3 – Early pubertalMorris et al.199771 girls8.7±2.1 yearsModerate impact30 min ×3/week10 monthsBMC: TB; LS, FN, PFaBMD: TB, LS, FNHeinonen et al. 200058 girls11.0±0.9 yearsHigh impact20 min ×2/week9 monthsBMC: LS, FNMacKelvie et al. 2001107 girls11.0±0.9 yearsHigh impact10–12 min ×3/week7 monthsBMC: LSaBMD: LS, FNPetit et al. 2002106 girls10.5±0.6 yearsHigh impact10–12 min ×3/week7 monthsaBMD: Tr, FNHSA: ZCT: FNIuliano-Burns et al. 200364 girls8.8±0.1 yearsModerate impact20 min ×3/week9 monthsBMC: LS, Lower legMacKelvie et al. 200375 girls9.9±0.6 yearsHigh impact10–12 min ×3/week20 monthsBMC: FN, LSMcKay et al. 2005122 children10.1±0.5 yearsJumping3×3 min ×3/week8 monthsBMC: PF, Tr, BA: PFHSA: No effectsCourteix et al. 2005113 girls8–13 yearsExercised mean 7.2?hours /week vs. 1.2?hours /week12 monthsaBMD: TB, LS, FNMacdonald et al. 2008197 girls213 boys10.2±0.6 yearsHigh impact15 min ×5/week11 monthsGirlsBMC: FNBoysBMC: LS, TBHSA: ZL?fgren et al. 201192 girls131 boys7.8±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week36 monthsGirlsBMC: LS, FNBW: LSHSA: CSABoysBMC: LSBW: LSHSA: No effectsMeyer et al. 2011133 children11.1±0.6 yearsPE classes45 min including 10 min of jumping ×2/week9 monthsBMC: TB, LS, FNL?fgren et al. 201296 girls125 boys7.8±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week36 monthsGirlsBMC: TB, LS, FN, TrBW: LS, FNHSA: CSA, Z, CSMIBoysBMC: LSBW: FNHSA: No effectsTanner stage 4–5 – Late pubertalBlimkie et al.199636 girls16.3±0.3 yearsWeight training×3/week7 monthsNo effectsWitzke et al. 200053 girls14.6±0.5 yearsResistance training30–45 min ×3/week9 monthsNo effectsHeinonen et al. 200068 girls13.3±0.9 yearsHigh impact20 min ×2/week9 monthsNo effectsNichols et al. 200167 girls15.9±0.1 yearsResistance training30–45 min ×3/week15 monthsaBMD: FNSundberg et al. 2001104 girls122 boys16.0±0.3 yearsPE classes40 min ×4/week48 monthsGirlsNo effectsBoysBMC: FN, SpineaBMD: FNStear et al. 2003144 girls17.3±0.3 yearsModerate impact45 min ×3/week± calcium16 monthsBMC: LS, TB, PF, TrWeeks et al.200344 girls37 boys13.8±0.4 yearsHigh impact jumping10 min ×2/week8 monthsGirlsBMC: FN, LSBoysBMC: TB, LS, TrQUS: BUADetter et al. 201396 girls125 boys7.9±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week60 monthsGirlsBMC: FNaBMD: SpineSize: FN areaBoysaBMD: SpineDetter et al. 2014130 girls165 boys7.9±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week72 monthsGirlsBMC: FNaBMD: SpineSize: FN areaBoysaBMD: SpineFritz et al. 2016117 girls147 boys7.7±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week84 monthsGirlsaBMD: SpineCT: TCTBoysNo effectsFritz et al. 2016116 girls145 boys7.7±0.6 yearsPE classes40 min ×5/week84 monthsGirlsCT: SSI, MM, vBMDBoysNo effectsSignificant increase in intervention compared to controls seen in the parameters/sites: Bone area (BA), Bone width (BW), Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), Cross-sectional area (CSA), Cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), Computed tomography (CT), Distal forearm, Femoral neck (FN), Hip structure analysis (HSA), Lumbar spine (LS), Mineral mass distribution (MM), Proximal femur (PF), Stress strain index (SSI), Total body (TB), Tibial cortical thickness (TCT), Trochanter (Tr), Volumetric bone mineral distribution (vBMD), Section modulus (Z). AimsGeneralTo prospectively evaluate the effect of physical activity on fracture risk, bone, muscle and academic performance. SpecificPapers I and IITo evaluate the effect of increased school-based physical activity during 7 years on fracture risk and musculoskeletal traits in children aged 6–9 years at study start.Paper IIITo evaluate the effect of increased school-based physical activity during 7 years on cortical bone mass distribution in children aged 6–9 years at study start.Paper IVTo evaluate the effect of increased school-based physical activity during 9 years on academic performance in children aged 6–9 years at study start.HypothesesWe hypothesized that daily school-based PA in children would lead to gradually lower fracture risk due to benefits gained in bone mass and muscle strength. Girls would benefit more than boys regarding musculoskeletal traits due to a relatively larger increase in PA.We also hypothesized that daily school-based PA in children would lead to improved academic performance, more so in boys than in girls due to larger room for improvement.Research questionsDoes a 7-year school-based exercise intervention program affect theFracture risk?Bone mass?Bone structure?Muscle strength?Does a 9-year school-based exercise intervention program affect theAcademic performance?Material and methodsThe Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study The Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study was initiated at the Department of Orthopedics in Malm?, Sweden in 1999. Several other departments and clinics have been involved in the project and a variety of outcomes have been studied during the past fifteen yearsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EZW5ja2VyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwvWWVhcj48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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EZW5ja2VyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNjwvWWVhcj48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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 110,159-161.The POP study is a population-based, prospective, controlled exercise intervention study that evaluates the effects of increased school-based PA in growing children aged 6–9 years at study start. Four community-based government-funded schools located in the same geographic area with homogenous socioeconomic and ethnic structure and with the children allocated to schools according to their residential address were invited to participate in the study. Before the study, all schools had the standard duration of school-based PA in the Swedish school curriculum of 60 minutes’ PE per week, given in one to two lessons. One school was then invited to intervention. The school accepted and increased the amount of school PE from 60 minutes per week to 40 minutes per school day (200 minutes per week). The 3 remaining schools continued with 60 minutes per week. All lessons were led by regular teachers and included standard curriculum activities such as ball games, running, jumping and climbing, were conducted within the resources of the schools. Since physical education (PE) is a compulsory subject, all children had to participate (Figure 9).The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Lund University, Sweden (LU 453-98; September 15, 1998) and has been conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the study start we obtained informed written consent from parents or guardians of all participating children.Figure 9. Children in the POP-study during a class of physical education. Photo presented by courtesy of Christian Lindén.Fracture registrationFracture identification was objectively done through our hospital, the only emergency hospital in the city. We identified incident fractures through repeated evaluations of the regional radiographic database that covers the referrals of most non-private health care facilities in the region and all radiographs taken irrespective of the reason for the exam, and all fractures in the studied population were confirmed and classified by one of the co-authors, a senior consultant in orthopedic surgery. If fractures occurred in other regions of the country (about 14%), the majority of these were registered when they were referred to our hospital for a follow-up visit. This method has previously been extensively used and validated at our research center and has been proven valid since it misses less than 3% of the fractures ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jonsson</Author><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>36</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">162</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>36</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1380716823">36</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Jonsson, B.</author><author>Gardsell, P.</author><author>Johnell, O.</author><author>Redlund-Johnell, I.</author><author>Sernbo, I.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Orthopedics, Malmo General Hospital, Sweden.</auth-address><titles><title>Remembering fractures: fracture registration and proband recall in southern Sweden</title><secondary-title>J Epidemiol Community Health</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of epidemiology and community health</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Epidemiol Community Health</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of epidemiology and community health</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Epidemiol Community Health</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of epidemiology and community health</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>489-90</pages><volume>48</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>Data Collection/methods</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>*Mental Recall</keyword><keyword>*Registries</keyword><keyword>Rural Health</keyword><keyword>Sweden/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Urban Health</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1994</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0143-005X (Print)
0143-005X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7964361</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. We also registered fracture site and trauma level according to the Landin classification ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Landin</Author><Year>1983</Year><RecNum>60</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">14</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>60</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1383041180">60</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Landin, L. A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Fracture patterns in children. Analysis of 8,682 fractures with special reference to incidence, etiology and secular changes in a Swedish urban population 1950-1979</title><secondary-title>Acta Orthop Scand Suppl</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop Scand Suppl</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop Scand Suppl</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-109</pages><volume>202</volume><keywords><keyword>Accidents</keyword><keyword>Age Factors</keyword><keyword>Athletic Injuries/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/classification/*epidemiology/etiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Infant, Newborn</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Recurrence</keyword><keyword>Risk</keyword><keyword>Seasons</keyword><keyword>Sex Factors</keyword><keyword>Sweden</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1983</year></dates><isbn>0300-8827 (Print)
0300-8827 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>6574687</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, which has been used in several other pediatric fracture studiesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DbGFyazwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDg8L1llYXI+PFJl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 EN.CITE.DATA 20,163. All children starting first grade in the four schools in 1998 were included and followed in the study. The inclusion of children in the first grade continued until 2013. Children who moved out of the region or changed school from the intervention to another school were followed until this event (n=179). This resulted in 1,339 children in the intervention (53.8% boys and 46.2% girls) and 2,195 children in the control group (51.3% boys and 48.7% girls) (Paper I). Children with school start 1998 to 2006 (n=1936) were hence followed for seven years, while those with school start 2007 and later (n=1598) were followed until 2013 and thus for a shorter duration than 7 years. This explains why the numbers of participants in paper 1, table 1 were larger during the first evaluated years. This study design resulted in the inclusion of 3,462 individuals in the fracture evaluation in the 1st school year, 3,179 in the 2nd year, 2,856 in the 3rd year, 2,554 in the 4th year, 2,301 in the 5th year, 2,113 in the 6th year and 1,864 in the 7th year. Since only objectively verified fractures were included and this was done through our radiographic archives (and not through questionnaires provided to the children), we were able to include all of the children, that is, no children were excluded from this evaluation.MeasurementsStudy subjectsFor the in-depth evaluations, including lifestyle factors, anthropometry and musculoskeletal traits, we invited a sub-cohort that included all children in the intervention school with school start 1998 to 2000 and all children in the control schools with school start 1999 to 2000 to participate. In the intervention group 94 of the 105 invited girls and 123 of the 132 invited boys agreed to participate. For the current analyses we excluded two girls and four boys due to diseases or medication that could affect growth, bone health or muscle development and 20 girls and 19 boys as their baseline or follow-up data were inadequate. The corresponding baseline attendance rate in the control group was 64 of the 157 invited girls and 68 of the 170 invited boys and the exclusion rate was one girl due to medication that could affect growth and 18 girls and 21 boys with inadequate follow-up data. This resulted in a sub-cohort of 264 children, 72 girls and 100 boys in the intervention group and 45 girls and 47 boys in the control group (Papers I–II) (Figure 10). Another two boys in the intervention group and one girl in the control group were excluded in the bone distribution analysis due to too poor pQCT image quality, rendering 261 children, 72 girls and 98 boys in the intervention group and 44 girls and 47 boys in the control group for that specific analysis (Paper III) (Figure 10). Figure 10. Flow chart describing number of participants included and dropouts for the sub-cohort in Papers I and II and the cohort in Paper III.Dropout analysis revealed that there were no differences in baseline age, weight or body mass index (BMI) when comparing the girls who completed the measurements with those who only attended the baseline measurements (Paper II). However, girls who dropped out were taller, had higher BMC and aBMD in the femoral neck, had larger muscle mass (lean mass) and had higher muscle strength in one out of four tests (peak torque 180o/sec). Among boys, no such differences were found. Furthermore, there were no differences in age, height, weight or BMI when data from the grade one compulsory school health examination were analyzed for comparison between the children who participated in the baseline measurements with those who declinedPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW5kZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5MaW5kZW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA2PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 164,165. This strengthens the view that the data are generalizable. AnthropometryHeight (Holtan stadiometer) and weight (Avery Berkel HL120 electric scale) were measured repeatedly in all children in the sub-cohort when wearing light clothes but no shoes. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height2. Pubertal maturation, as Tanner staging, was assessed by our research nurse at baseline and self-assessed with the assistance of our research nurse if questions arose at follow-up, a validated method ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Duke</Author><Year>1980</Year><RecNum>30</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">166</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>30</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1380716618">30</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Duke, P. M.</author><author>Litt, I. F.</author><author>Gross, R. T.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Adolescents' self-assessment of sexual maturation</title><secondary-title>Pediatrics</secondary-title><alt-title>Pediatrics</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatrics</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatrics</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>918-20</pages><volume>66</volume><number>6</number><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>*Adolescent Psychology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>*Self-Assessment</keyword><keyword>*Sexual Maturation</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1980</year><pub-dates><date>Dec</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0031-4005 (Print)
0031-4005 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7454482</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> factorsLifestyle factors, including current and previous medication, current and previous disease, dietary intake of dairy products, smoking status, alcohol use and organized leisure time physical activity (PA), were assessed through a questionnaire that the children in the sub-cohort answered annually. Total duration of PA was calculated as duration of school physical education together with stated organized leisure time activity (hours/week). Dual-X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)DXA (DPX-L? version 1.3z Lunar, Madison, WI) measurements were used to evaluate bone mass and bone composition (Figure 11). Lean mass and total body and total spine BMC and aBMD were derived from a total body scan, while a hip scan provided BMC and aBMD in the femoral neck. The equipment was calibrated daily with the Lunar Phantom by our research technicians, who also conducted all measurements and software analyses. The precision, estimated as the coefficients of variation (CV) by duplicate measurements in 13 healthy children aged 7–15 years (mean age 10 years) were 1.4–5.2% for BMC, 2.4–2.6% for aBMD and 1.5% for total body lean mass. Figure 11. A girl in the POP-study is measured by DXA (The Lunar? DPX-L). Photo presented by courtesy of Bjarne L?fgren. Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT)pQCT (XCT 2000?; Stratec, Pforzheim, Germany) evaluated the appendicular skeletal properties at the seven-year follow-up (Paper II and III). A left leg scout scan was performed to determine the 14%, 38% and 66% of the tibia length from the distal end of the medial malleolus, after which each site was scanned. The voxel size was set to 0.5 mm, the slice thickness to 2 mm and the scanning speed to 20 mm/second. The manufacturer’s software package (Stratec Medical, Pforzheim, Germany, version 6) in conjunction with edge detection and thresholding steps was used to acquire densitometric and structural parameters of bone and soft tissue. The periosteal surface of the tibia diaphysis was found by using a contour algorithm based on a threshold of 280 mg/cm3 from which total bone area (mm2) was estimated. The polar stress-strain index (SSI, mm3) was derived to estimate diaphyseal bone resistance to torsional loadingPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TY2hvZW5hdTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDE8L1llYXI+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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5TY2hvZW5hdTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDE8L1llYXI+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 EN.CITE.DATA 167. Cortical bone was selected by thresholding at 550 mg/cm3 for the 14% site and 710 mg/cm3 for the 38% and 66% sites, from which cortical area (mm2), cortical density (mg/cm3), and cortical thickness (mm) were derived. Subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area (CSA; cm2) was obtained by selecting the area with thresholds –40 to 40 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite density. Muscle CSA (cm2) was obtained by subtracting fat CSA and total bone area from the CSA of the total limb. As we measured precision, CV evaluated as duplicate measurements in 13 healthy children aged 7–15 years (mean age 10 years), was 1.7% for trabecular vBMD and 0.5% for cortical vBMD. Polar distribution (cortical bone mineral mass; mg) and radial distribution (radial vBMD; mg/cm3) of the tibia were estimated using Image J. A threshold of 550 mg/cm3 for the 14% site and 710 mg/cm3 for the 38% and 66% sites with a 3×3 median filtering of the image was used to differentiate the cortical bone from the surrounding soft-tissue and bone marrow. To eliminate partial volume effects, the outermost and innermost layers of cortical pixels were excluded from the analysis. We aligned the bones between individuals according to tibia and fibula marrow center and calculated polar distribution by subdividing the tibia cortex into six sectors around its center of mass with the average bone mass estimated for each sector (Figure 12). Radial distribution was estimated by subdividing the cortex into three concentric rings by first removing all pixels below the threshold of each site from the image and subdividing the remaining cortical bone into three concentric circles with the same thickness. The thickness of the rings varied around the cortex according to the anatomy. The innermost ring is referred to as endocortical, the mid ring as midcortical and the outermost ring as the pericortical (Figure 12).Figure 12. Polar (left) and radial (right) bone mass distribution ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fritz</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>459</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">168</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>459</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1476179538">459</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fritz, J.</author><author>Duckham, R. L.</author><author>Rantalainen, T.</author><author>Rosengren, B. E.</author><author>Karlsson, M. K.</author><author>Daly, R. M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Institution of Clinical Research, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02, Malmo, Sweden. jesper.fritz@med.lu.se.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Institution of Clinical Research, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02, Malmo, Sweden.</auth-address><titles><title>Influence of a School-based Physical Activity Intervention on Cortical Bone Mass Distribution: A 7-year Intervention Study</title><secondary-title>Calcif Tissue Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Calcified tissue international</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>443-453</pages><volume>99</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1432-0827 (Electronic)
0171-967X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>27406102</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> strengthA computerized dynamometer, Biodex (Biodex system III Pro?, with Biodex advantage software), measured the strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles during concentric isokinetic contractions (Figure 13). The participant was seated in the testing chair with the hips flexed to 85° from the anatomical position and the axis of the right knee aligned with the axis of rotation. The participant was secured in the chair according to standard procedure using three belts, crossing the thigh, pelvis and upper torso, as stabilization. If the participant’s upper leg was shorter than the seat, or the lower leg was shorter than the lever arm of the Biodex, pads were used to adjust for the difference to give the correct angle and positioning of the limb. All participants were instructed to place their arms across their chest during the testing. The knee was positioned at 90° of flexion and went through a 75° range of motion, stopping at 15° flexion. Concentric isokinetic knee extension and flexion peak torque were tested at an angular velocity of extension (ex) and flexion (fl) at 60°/second (60°/sec) and 180°/second (180°/sec). Five maximal repetitions at 60°/sec were performed, including both extension and flexion. After 30 seconds’ rest, 10 maximal repetitions at 180°/sec were performed in the same way. The highest peak torque for each of the extension and flexion variables (PTex60, PTfl60, PTex180, PTfl180) were recorded (Nm). All participants received both visual and verbal encouragement during the test ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>De Ste Croix</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>29</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">82</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1380716589">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>De Ste Croix, M.</author><author>Deighan, M.</author><author>Armstrong, N.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. m.b.a.de-ste-croix@exeter.ac.uk</auth-address><titles><title>Assessment and interpretation of isokinetic muscle strength during growth and maturation</title><secondary-title>Sports Med</secondary-title><alt-title>Sports medicine</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Sports Med</full-title><abbr-1>Sports medicine</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Sports Med</full-title><abbr-1>Sports medicine</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>727-43</pages><volume>33</volume><number>10</number><keywords><keyword>Biomechanics/methods</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Movement/physiology</keyword><keyword>Muscle Contraction/physiology</keyword><keyword>Muscle Development/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Muscle, Skeletal/*growth & development</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2003</year></dates><isbn>0112-1642 (Print)
0112-1642 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>12895130</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The precision, evaluated as CV for repeated measurements in 21 children, was 6.6% for PTex60, 12.1% for PTfl60, 12.3% for PTex180 and 9.1% for PTfl180.Figure 13. A girl in the POP-study is measured by Biodex? (System III Pro) apparatus. Photo presented by courtesy of Susanna Stenevi Lundgren. Academic performanceAll schools in Sweden have to retain grade data for all students for at least 15 years. To evaluate the effect of the intervention on academic performance we collected elementary grade scorecard data from 9th grade through the archive of the intervention school. Among the 234 boys and 190 girls starting the intervention school from 1998 to 2003, 49 boys and 37 girls were excluded since they left the intervention school during the study period (and did not have all nine years of intervention), rendering 185 boys and 153 girls finishing the same school from 2007 to 2012 (Paper IV).To be able to identify any changes within the intervention school from the period before the intervention was initiated until after the intervention was initiated, we collected the final grade scorecard data from the 9th grade in all children who started 1st grade in the intervention school from 1994 to 1997 (175 boys and 181 girls). We excluded 20 boys and 41 girls who left the intervention school before graduation in 2003–2006, rendering 155 boys and 140 girls (Paper IV).During these years the 9th and final elementary school grades in Sweden included 16 compulsory school subjects where every subject was graded with the grades Failed (0 points), Passed (10 points), Passed with Distinction (15 points) or Passed with Special Distinction (20 points). The final grade points of these 16 subjects may thus vary from 0 points (p) (no subject with an accepted grade) to 320 p (the highest grade in all subjects). To qualify for national upper secondary school programs the grade Passed in each of the subjects Swedish, English and Mathematics is required. We then registered final grade points and eligibility for upper secondary school programs in all these children in the intervention school. The same endpoint data for all other Swedish students were retrieved from the Swedish National Agency of Education (Skolverket) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>220</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">169</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>220</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1455510791">220</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Dataset">59</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Swedish National Agency for Education</title></titles><dates><year>2009</year></dates><pub-location> siris.skolverket.se</pub-location><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>169 from 2003 to 2006 (241,089 boys and 230,837 girls) and from 2007 to 2012 (353,439 boys and 336,442 girls) (Paper IV).Statistical methodsSPSS Statistics for Macintosh, version 20.0 (IBM Corp. Armonk, New York, USA) was used for all statistical analyses. P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Papers I–IIIData are presented as absolute numbers, means ± standard deviations (SD) or means with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Annual fracture incidence was estimated and annual incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% CI was calculated using Poisson distribution. Spearman’s test was used for correlation between years of intervention and IRR. Lifestyle factors were compared using cross-tabulation with either chi-2 or Fisher’s exact test. Tanner stage distribution between groups was compared using Mann-Whitney U test at both baseline and follow-up. Two-tailed Student’s t-test was used to compare group differences in anthropometrics, PA and baseline musculoskeletal traits. Changes in musculoskeletal traits were estimated as the changes from baseline to follow-up. When comparing musculoskeletal changes between groups, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used with adjustments for age at baseline and absolute baseline value for evaluated trait (Papers I–II). ANCOVA was also used for tibia composition comparisons between groups at follow-up, adjusting for age at follow-up, and for bone distribution parameter comparisons between groups at follow-up, adjusting for age at baseline (Paper III). Fracture-free survival curves were estimated by Kaplan Meier analyses (Paper II). Paper IVData are presented as absolute numbers (n), percentages (%), percentage points (pp) or means with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). No measurement of dispersion is given for national data as these are not drawn from a sample but include all Swedish children (true values). Group differences were evaluated by Pearson’s chi-square test for the eligibility rate and student’s t-test between means for grade points.Summary of papersPaper IIntroduction: Physical activity (PA) in childhood is associated with high bone mass and beneficial neuromuscular function. We investigated whether increased PA is also associated with fracture risk. Methods: Physical education was increased in school for seven years from 60 min/week to 200 min/week in the intervention group, while remaining at 60 min/week in the control group. We registered fractures in all children and measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD; g/cm2) with DXA (femoral neck and total spine) and muscle strength (peak torque for knee extension and flexion; Nm) with computerized dynamometer at baseline and after 7 years. We estimated annual fracture incidence rate ratios (IRR) in the intervention group compared to the control group as well as changes in bone mass and muscle strength. Data are given as mean (95% CI).Subjects: We registered fractures in 3,534 children aged six to eight years at study start, 1,339 in the intervention group and 2,195 in the control group. In a sub-sample of 264 children, 172 in the intervention group and 92 in the control group, we measured musculoskeletal traits.Results: The IRR of fractures decreased with each year of the PA intervention (r=–0.79; p=0.04). During the seventh year IRR was almost halved [IRR 0.52 (0.27, 1.01)]. The intervention group had a statistically significant greater gain in total spine aBMD with a mean group difference of 0.03 (0.00, 0.05) g/cm2 and peak flexion torque 180°/sec with a mean group difference of 5.0 (1.5, 8.6) Nm.Conclusion: Increased PA is associated with decreased fracture risk, probably due in part to beneficial gains in aBMD and muscle strength. Paper IIIntroduction: Physical activity (PA) is associated with high bone mass and beneficial muscle strength in children, but whether the musculoskeletal influence is different in girls and boys is debated. We therefore investigated gender-specific musculoskeletal effects of increased physical activity in children.Methods: In one school we increased the physical education of 72 girls and 100 boys to 200 minutes per week over seven years. In three other schools, 45 girls and 47 boys continued to receive 60 minutes per week. We measured aBMD with DXA and muscle strength with computerized dynamometer at baseline and after seven years and tibial cortical thickness with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) after seven years. Data are given as mean (95% CI).Subjects: We assessed musculoskeletal traits in 72 girls and 100 boys in the intervention group and 45 girls and 47 boys in the control group. Results: Girls in the intervention group gained 0.04g/cm2 (0.01–0.08) more total spine aBMD (p<0.05) and 6.2 Nm (1.6, 10.7) more knee flexion strength (p<0.01) than control group girls and had a 0.1 mm (0.0, 0.3) higher tibial cortical thickness at follow-up (p<0.05). Boys in the intervention group gained 7.3 Nm (0.4, 14.2) more knee extension strength (p<0.05) and 7.4 Nm (2.3, 12.4) more knee flexion strength (p<0.01) than the control group boys, but their aBMD was no higher than the control group. Conclusion: A seven-year, population-based moderately intense exercise intervention enhanced gains in spine bone mass in girls and knee muscle strength in both genders. Paper IIIIntroduction: Cortical bone mass and density varies across a bone’s length and cross-section, and may be influenced by physical activity. This study evaluated the long-term effects of a pediatric school-based physical activity intervention on tibial cortical bone mass distribution. Methods: Children from one school were provided with 200 minutes of physical education per week (intervention group). Three other schools continued with the standard of 60 minutes per week (control group). Tibial total and cortical area, cortical density, polar stress-strain index (SSI), and the mass and density distribution around the center of mass (polar distribution, mg) and through the bone’s cortex (radial distribution subdivided into endo-, mid-, and pericortical volumetric BMD: mg/cm3) at three sites (14%, 38% and 66%) were assessed using pQCT after 7 years.Subjects: In 72 girls and 98 boys in the intervention group and 44 girls and 47 boys in the control group we assessed cortical bone parameters and distribution.Results: Girls in the intervention group had 2.5% greater cortical thickness and 6.9% greater SSI at the 66% tibia, which was accompanied by significantly greater pericortical volumetric BMD compared to controls (all p<0.05). Region-specific differences in cortical mass were also detected in the anterior, medial and lateral sectors at the 38% and 66% tibial sites. There were no group differences at the 14% tibia site in girls, and no group differences in any of the bone parameters in boys. Conclusion: Additional school-based physical education over seven years was associated with greater tibial structure, strength and region-specific adaptations in cortical bone mass and density distribution in girls, but not in boys.Paper IVIntroduction: Physical activity (PA) may improve brain development, cognition and concentration and may therefore also improve academic performance.Methods: In the intervention school the level of physical education (PE) was increased from 60 min/week to 200 min/week for students starting first grade in 1998–2003, thus graduating in 2007–2012 after 9 years with the increased level of PE. All other Swedish children continued with the average of 60 min/week of PE during this period. Children graduating in 2003–2006 (before the intervention was initiated), both those in the intervention school and all other Swedish children, had the Swedish standard of 60 min/week of PE. At graduation we registered the proportion of students eligible for upper secondary school and the final grade score (from 0 to 320 grade points). Data are reported as means with 95% confidence intervals for the intervention school but only as means for the all other Swedish children (since this is not a sample).Subjects: We registered academic results in 185 boys and 153 girls in the intervention group graduating in 2007–2012. As controls served all other 353,439 Swedish boys and 336,442 Swedish girls graduating during the same years. We also registered academic results in 155 boys and 140 girls in the same school and in all other 241,089 Swedish boys and 230,837 Swedish girls graduating in 2003–2006 to evaluate academic performance before the intervention was initiated.Results: Before the intervention was initiated, academic performance was similar in the intervention school and all other Swedish boys and girls. With the intervention, the eligibility rate increased in the intervention school for boys by 7.3 (1.4, 13.2) percentage points (pp) and the grades by 13.3 (3.1, 23.5) points, while there was a decrease of 0.8 pp in eligibility rate and an increase by 2.7 points in all other Swedish boys. No group differences were found in girls.Conclusion: Daily school-based PA for nine years improves academic performance in boys, but not in girls.General discussionOsteoporosis and fracture riskThe most common approach to osteoporosis treatment is to target individuals with osteoporosis or osteopenia, with or without fractures, and use pharmacologic treatmentPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Db21wc3RvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+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==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Db21wc3RvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+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==
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 170,171 or to try to reduce other risk factors for fractures in high-risk individualsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Lbm90aGUgVGF0ZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDQ8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Lbm90aGUgVGF0ZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDQ8L1ll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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 22,172. Multiple RCTs have shown excellent effect of these treatments regarding future fracture risk reductionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXVzZW5zPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5HZXVzZW5zPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 173,174. However, to intervene before any prevalent osteoporosis or osteopenia would be even better, and that is the core of the POP study, using PA to early on influence bone mass and muscle strength, two of the most important modifiable risk factors for fracturePEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BaGxib3JnPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5BaGxib3JnPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 10,42.During growthThe POP study is the only prospective PA intervention study with fracture as endpoint, and we have previously found similar fracture risks in the intervention and the control cohorts over the entire study period ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Detter</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>114</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">175</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>114</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1392365129">114</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Detter, F.</author><author>Rosengren, B. E.</author><author>Dencker, M.</author><author>Lorentzon, M.</author><author>Nilsson, J. A.</author><author>Karlsson, M. K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopedics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmo, Sweden.</auth-address><titles><title>A Six-Year Exercise Program Improves Skeletal Traits without Affecting Fracture Risk - a Prospective Controlled Study in 2621 Children</title><secondary-title>J Bone Miner Res</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Bone Miner Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Bone Miner Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research</abbr-1></alt-periodical><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>Jan 6</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1523-4681 (Electronic)
0884-0431 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>24390777</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Since no PA exposure-time dependent fracture risk was provided in previous reports, a transient increased initial fracture risk due to more falls and traumas in children not used to PA could therefore have obscured long-term fracture-preventive effects. This hypothesis was supported in this thesis and after seven years the fracture risk was halved in the intervention compared to the control cohort. Furthermore, the inverse correlation between IRR to sustain a fracture and number of years of intervention that we found seems explained by the fact that the higher fracture incidence with each year closer to puberty usually seen ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hedstrom</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>135</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">16</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>135</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1420802103">135</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hedstrom, E. M.</author><author>Svensson, O.</author><author>Bergstrom, U.</author><author>Michno, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Surgery and Perioperative Science, Umea University Hospital, Umea, Sweden. erik.hedstrom@orthop.umu.se</auth-address><titles><title>Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents</title><secondary-title>Acta Orthop</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta orthopaedica</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta Orthop</full-title><abbr-1>Acta orthopaedica</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>148-53</pages><volume>81</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data</keyword><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Athletic Injuries/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Fractures, Bone/*epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Incidence</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Registries</keyword><keyword>Sweden/epidemiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1745-3682 (Electronic)
1745-3674 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20175744</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, and seen in our control cohort, did not occur in the intervention group (Paper I, Table 1).Gender specific fracture analyses would have been preferable, but are not meaningful in our cohort due to low power. However, when gender specifically observing data, the same trend of decreasing IRR for every year of PA intervention as for all individuals (Figure 14) seems to occur for both girls and boys separately (Figure 15 and 16). This strengthens the view that the PA intervention program influences the fracture risk in a positive way, regardless of gender.Figure 14. Fracture incidence rate ratio (IRR) during 7 years in the 3534 children in the fracture study (Paper I). Figure 15. Fracture incidence rate ratio (IRR) during 7 years in the 1688 girls in the fracture study (Paper I). Figure 16. Fracture incidence rate ratio (IRR) during 7 years in the 1846 boys in the fracture study (Paper I). In adulthoodProspective studies have also shown that PA-induced skeletal benefits, at least partly, are retained long-term after reduced activity levelPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UdmVpdDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UdmVpdDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 176,177 and that fracture incidence in adulthood is low in those with high level of PA during growthPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UdmVpdDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5UdmVpdDwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTM8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 126. With this in mind, this thesis shows benefits of PA regarding both bone mass and muscle strength as well as for the primary outcome, fractures. This indicates that PA intervention is a feasible strategy to prevent fractures both during childhood and later in life, and possibly also osteoporosis later in life, thereby decreasing the economic burden on society as well as the individual suffering.Musculoskeletal traitsAbout 20–40% of the variance in bone mass can be explained by environmental factors, the rest is thought to be constituted by genetic factorsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FaXNtYW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FaXNtYW48L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk5PC9ZZWFyPjxS
ZWNOdW0+MzIzPC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxzdHlsZSBmYWNlPSJzdXBlcnNjcmlwdCI+
NDMsNjQ8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4zMjM8L3JlYy1u
dW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2Vz
cDBlcGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ2ODQxNjUwNiI+MzIzPC9rZXk+PC9m
b3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBl
Pjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5FaXNtYW4sIEouIEEuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9h
dXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+Qm9uZSBhbmQgTWluZXJhbCBSZXNl
YXJjaCBQcm9ncmFtLCBTdC4gVmluY2VudCZhcG9zO3MgSG9zcGl0YWwsIFN5ZG5leSwgTmV3IFNv
dXRoIFdhbGVzLCBBdXN0cmFsaWEuIGouZWlzbWFuQGdhcnZhbi51bnN3LmVkdS5hdTwvYXV0aC1h
ZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkdlbmV0aWNzIG9mIG9zdGVvcG9yb3NpczwvdGl0bGU+PHNl
Y29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5FbmRvY3IgUmV2PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5FbmRv
Y3JpbmUgcmV2aWV3czwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxl
PkVuZG9jciBSZXY8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5FbmRvY3JpbmUgcmV2aWV3czwvYWJici0x
PjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+RW5kb2NyIFJldjwvZnVs
bC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkVuZG9jcmluZSByZXZpZXdzPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNh
bD48cGFnZXM+Nzg4LTgwNDwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4yMDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NjwvbnVt
YmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD5BbmltYWxzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUgYW5k
IEJvbmVzL2FuYXRvbXkgJmFtcDsgaGlzdG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNvbGxhZ2Vu
L2dlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkdlbmV0aWMgUHJlZGlzcG9zaXRpb24gdG8gRGlz
ZWFzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+T3N0ZW9wb3Jv
c2lzLypnZW5ldGljczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5QaGVub3R5cGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+UmVjZXB0b3JzLCBDYWxjaXRyaW9sL2dlbmV0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+PGRh
dGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5OTk8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5EZWM8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWItZGF0
ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wMTYzLTc2OVggKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDE2My03NjlYIChMaW5raW5n
KTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4xMDYwNTYyNjwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVs
YXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8xMDYwNTYy
NjwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAu
MTIxMC9lZHJ2LjIwLjYuMDM4NDwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9D
aXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+UG9jb2NrPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MTk4NzwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVt
PjM3NjwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+Mzc2PC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWdu
LWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVz
MnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0NzEwOTI1MzEiPjM3Njwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxy
ZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFsIEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3Jz
PjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+UG9jb2NrLCBOLiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RWlzbWFuLCBK
LiBBLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+SG9wcGVyLCBKLiBMLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+WWVhdGVz
LCBNLiBHLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+U2FtYnJvb2ssIFAuIE4uPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5F
YmVybCwgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+
R2VuZXRpYyBkZXRlcm1pbmFudHMgb2YgYm9uZSBtYXNzIGluIGFkdWx0cy4gQSB0d2luIHN0dWR5
PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkogQ2xpbiBJbnZlc3Q8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48
YWx0LXRpdGxlPlRoZSBKb3VybmFsIG9mIGNsaW5pY2FsIGludmVzdGlnYXRpb248L2FsdC10aXRs
ZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5KIENsaW4gSW52ZXN0PC9mdWxsLXRp
dGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+VGhlIEpvdXJuYWwgb2YgY2xpbmljYWwgaW52ZXN0aWdhdGlvbjwvYWJici0x
PjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBDbGluIEludmVzdDwv
ZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPlRoZSBKb3VybmFsIG9mIGNsaW5pY2FsIGludmVzdGlnYXRpb248
L2FiYnItMT48L2FsdC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz43MDYtMTA8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+ODA8
L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjM8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWR1bHQ8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIGFuZCBCb25lcy8qYW5hdG9t
eSAmYW1wOyBoaXN0b2xvZ3kvbWV0YWJvbGlzbTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KkdlbmVzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkh1bWFuczwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD5NYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1lbm9wYXVzZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5NaWRkbGUgQWdlZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5NaW5lcmFscy9tZXRhYm9saXNtPC9rZXl3
b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipUd2luczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qVHdpbnMsIERpenlnb3RpYzwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qVHdpbnMsIE1vbm96eWdvdGljPC9rZXl3b3JkPjwva2V5d29yZHM+
PGRhdGVzPjx5ZWFyPjE5ODc8L3llYXI+PHB1Yi1kYXRlcz48ZGF0ZT5TZXA8L2RhdGU+PC9wdWIt
ZGF0ZXM+PC9kYXRlcz48aXNibj4wMDIxLTk3MzggKFByaW50KSYjeEQ7MDAyMS05NzM4IChMaW5r
aW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4zNjI0NDg1PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxy
ZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8vd3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzM2MjQ0
ODU8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGN1c3RvbTI+NDQyMjk0PC9jdXN0b20yPjxl
bGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMTcyL0pDSTExMzEyNTwvZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNv
dXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 43,64. By optimizing environmental factors, such as diet and PA, accrual of bone mass and bone size during growth may be improved and age-related bone loss reduced. Since growth is highly varying compared to the more constant and more stable bone attrition after PBM ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hui</Author><Year>1990</Year><RecNum>80</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">52</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>80</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1392362927">80</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hui, S. L.</author><author>Slemenda, C. W.</author><author>Johnston, C. C., Jr.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.</auth-address><titles><title>The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis</title><secondary-title>Osteoporos Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Osteoporos Int</full-title><abbr-1>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Osteoporos Int</full-title><abbr-1>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>30-4</pages><volume>1</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>*Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*physiopathology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1990</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0937-941X (Print)
0937-941X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>2133638</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> and 50% of the bone mass at age 70 years is predicted by PBM ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hui</Author><Year>1990</Year><RecNum>80</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">52</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>80</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1392362927">80</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hui, S. L.</author><author>Slemenda, C. W.</author><author>Johnston, C. C., Jr.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.</auth-address><titles><title>The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis</title><secondary-title>Osteoporos Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Osteoporos Int</full-title><abbr-1>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Osteoporos Int</full-title><abbr-1>Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>30-4</pages><volume>1</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>*Bone Density</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*physiopathology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1990</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0937-941X (Print)
0937-941X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>2133638</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> and 60% of the mature skeletal traits are dependent on the variance before pubertyPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Mb3JvPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj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 EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Mb3JvPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj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 EN.CITE.DATA 178, the growth period may be the most important period in life to influence the skeleton. It is common knowledge today that the most potent osteogenic activities include fast novel dynamic loads with high magnitude and high frequency. The skeleton however becomes saturated quite fast with these activities and endurance activities are thereby less effective in this sense ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Rubin</Author><Year>1987</Year><RecNum>111</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">179</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>111</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1392364258">111</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rubin, C. T.</author><author>Lanyon, L. E.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Kappa Delta Award paper. Osteoregulatory nature of mechanical stimuli: function as a determinant for adaptive remodeling in bone</title><secondary-title>J Orthop Res</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Orthop Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Orthop Res</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>300-10</pages><volume>5</volume><number>2</number><keywords><keyword>*Adaptation, Physiological</keyword><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Bone Resorption</keyword><keyword>Bone and Bones/analysis/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Microradiography</keyword><keyword>Minerals/analysis</keyword><keyword>*Osteogenesis</keyword><keyword>Stress, Mechanical</keyword><keyword>Turkeys</keyword><keyword>Ulna/physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1987</year></dates><isbn>0736-0266 (Print)
0736-0266 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>3572599</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. The activities alter the mechanostat balance system ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Frost</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>210</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">180</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>210</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1453696603">210</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Frost, H. M.</author><author>Ferretti, J. L.</author><author>Jee, W. S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Perspectives: some roles of mechanical usage, muscle strength, and the mechanostat in skeletal physiology, disease, and research</title><secondary-title>Calcif Tissue Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Calcified tissue international</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1-7</pages><volume>62</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>Biomechanical Phenomena</keyword><keyword>Bone Diseases, Metabolic/*physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Muscle, Skeletal/*physiology</keyword><keyword>*Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena</keyword><keyword>Physical Endurance/physiology</keyword><keyword>Research</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1998</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0171-967X (Print)
0171-967X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>9405724</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>, so that the mechanical signal is transferred to a biological signal that enhances the function of the osteoblasts, resulting in increased gain in bone mass. Increased aBMD reduces fracture risk independently of fall risk, as a skeleton with high aBMD becomes more resistant to traumaPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZWx0b248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTkzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NZWx0b248L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTkzPC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 181, and low aBMD has been found in children with distal forearm fractures compared to controlsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Hb3VsZGluZzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Hb3VsZGluZzwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMDU8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 182. Improved muscle strength is known to reduce fall frequency ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Yau</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>444</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">183</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>444</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1471954881">444</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yau, D. T.</author><author>Chung, R. C.</author><author>Pang, M. Y.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.</auth-address><titles><title>Knee muscle strength and visual acuity are the most important modifiable predictors of falls in patients after hip fracture surgery: a prospective study</title><secondary-title>Calcif Tissue Int</secondary-title><alt-title>Calcified tissue international</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Calcif Tissue Int</full-title><abbr-1>Calcified tissue international</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>287-95</pages><volume>92</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>*Accidental Falls</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Hip Fractures/*complications</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Incidence</keyword><keyword>Knee</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Multivariate Analysis</keyword><keyword>*Muscle Strength</keyword><keyword>Postural Balance</keyword><keyword>Risk Factors</keyword><keyword>*Visual Acuity</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1432-0827 (Electronic)
0171-967X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23239261</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> and contributes to fewer injurious falls, probably due to improved sensorimotor function ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lord</Author><Year>1995</Year><RecNum>137</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">116</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>137</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1420802179">137</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lord, S. R.</author><author>Ward, J. A.</author><author>Williams, P.</author><author>Strudwick, M.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.</auth-address><titles><title>The effect of a 12-month exercise trial on balance, strength, and falls in older women: a randomized controlled trial</title><secondary-title>J Am Geriatr Soc</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Am Geriatr Soc</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Am Geriatr Soc</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1198-206</pages><volume>43</volume><number>11</number><keywords><keyword>Accidental Falls/*prevention & control</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Exercise/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Follow-Up Studies</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>*Postural Balance</keyword><keyword>Posture</keyword><keyword>Psychomotor Performance</keyword><keyword>Reaction Time</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1995</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0002-8614 (Print)
0002-8614 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7594152</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. However, this association has only been found in adults, and whether the same is true for children is, to our knowledge, not known. While there are reports on that exercise during the pre- and peri-pubertal years can enhance bone structure and strength at loaded skeletal sitesPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNzwvWWVhcj48UmVj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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EYWx5PC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwNzwvWWVhcj48UmVj
TnVtPjIwMjwvUmVjTnVtPjxEaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48c3R5bGUgZmFjZT0ic3VwZXJzY3JpcHQiPjEy
OCwxODQ8L3N0eWxlPjwvRGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4yMDI8L3JlYy1u
dW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYydGVyZXdwd2Vz
cDBlcGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ1MzQxNTcxMCI+MjAyPC9rZXk+PC9m
b3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBl
Pjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5EYWx5LCBSLiBNLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0
aG9ycz48L2NvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPkNlbnRyZSBmb3IgUGh5c2ljYWwgQWN0
aXZpdHkgYW5kIE51dHJpdGlvbiBSZXNlYXJjaCwgU2Nob29sIG9mIEV4ZXJjaXNlIGFuZCBOdXRy
aXRpb24gU2NpZW5jZXMsIERlYWtpbiBVbml2ZXJzaXR5LCBNZWxib3VybmUsIEF1c3RyYWxpYS4g
cm9iaW4uZGFseUBkZWFraW4uZWR1LmF1PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhl
IGVmZmVjdCBvZiBleGVyY2lzZSBvbiBib25lIG1hc3MgYW5kIHN0cnVjdHVyYWwgZ2VvbWV0cnkg
ZHVyaW5nIGdyb3d0aDwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5NZWQgU3BvcnQgU2NpPC9zZWNv
bmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5NZWRpY2luZSBhbmQgc3BvcnQgc2NpZW5jZTwvYWx0LXRp
dGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk1lZCBTcG9ydCBTY2k8L2Z1bGwt
dGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5NZWRpY2luZSBhbmQgc3BvcnQgc2NpZW5jZTwvYWJici0xPjwvcGVyaW9k
aWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+TWVkIFNwb3J0IFNjaTwvZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT48YWJici0xPk1lZGljaW5lIGFuZCBzcG9ydCBzY2llbmNlPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9k
aWNhbD48cGFnZXM+MzMtNDk8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+NTE8L3ZvbHVtZT48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BZHVsdDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29y
ZD5BZ2UgRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIERlbnNpdHkvcGh5c2lvbG9neTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIERldmVsb3BtZW50LypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkJvbmUgYW5kIEJvbmVzLyphbmF0b215ICZhbXA7IGhpc3RvbG9neS9waHlzaW9sb2d5
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkNoaWxkLCBQcmVzY2hv
b2w8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RXhlcmNpc2UvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+RmVtYWxlPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkdyb3d0aDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1h
bnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5TZXggQ2hhcmFjdGVy
aXN0aWNzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPldlaWdodC1CZWFyaW5nL3BoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdv
cmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwNzwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjAyNTQt
NTAyMCAoUHJpbnQpJiN4RDswMDc2LTYwNzAgKExpbmtpbmcpPC9pc2JuPjxhY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVt
PjE3NTA1MTE4PC9hY2Nlc3Npb24tbnVtPjx1cmxzPjxyZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+PHVybD5odHRwOi8v
d3d3Lm5jYmkubmxtLm5paC5nb3YvcHVibWVkLzE3NTA1MTE4PC91cmw+PC9yZWxhdGVkLXVybHM+
PC91cmxzPjxlbGVjdHJvbmljLXJlc291cmNlLW51bT4xMC4xMTU5LzAwMDAxMDMwMDM8L2VsZWN0
cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPlRhbjwvQXV0
aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT4yMDQ8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVt
YmVyPjIwNDwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQy
MGVmdjJ0ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDUzNDE2NTQ5
Ij4yMDQ8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xl
Ij4xNzwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPlRhbiwgVi4gUC48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk1hY2RvbmFsZCwgSC4gTS48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPktpbSwgUy48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPk5ldHRsZWZvbGQsIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5HYWJlbCwgTC48
L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkFzaGUsIE0uIEMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NY0theSwgSC4gQS48
L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5EZXBhcnRtZW50
IG9mIE9ydGhvcGFlZGljcywgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBCcml0aXNoIENvbHVtYmlhLCBWYW5jb3V2
ZXIsIEJDLCBDYW5hZGE7IENlbnRyZSBmb3IgSGlwIEhlYWx0aCBhbmQgTW9iaWxpdHksIFZhbmNv
dXZlciBDb2FzdGFsIEhlYWx0aCBSZXNlYXJjaCBJbnN0aXR1dGUsIFZhbmNvdXZlciwgQkMsIENh
bmFkYTsgU2Nob29sIG9mIEhlYWx0aCBTY2llbmNlcywgSGVhbHRoIENhbXB1cywgVW5pdmVyc2l0
aSBTYWlucyBNYWxheXNpYSwgS2VsYW50YW4sIE1hbGF5c2lhLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRs
ZXM+PHRpdGxlPkluZmx1ZW5jZSBvZiBwaHlzaWNhbCBhY3Rpdml0eSBvbiBib25lIHN0cmVuZ3Ro
IGluIGNoaWxkcmVuIGFuZCBhZG9sZXNjZW50czogYSBzeXN0ZW1hdGljIHJldmlldyBhbmQgbmFy
cmF0aXZlIHN5bnRoZXNpczwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIEJvbmUgTWluZXIgUmVz
PC9zZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGJvbmUgYW5kIG1pbmVyYWwg
cmVzZWFyY2ggOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBvZiB0aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gU29jaWV0eSBm
b3IgQm9uZSBhbmQgTWluZXJhbCBSZXNlYXJjaDwvYWx0LXRpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPkogQm9uZSBNaW5lciBSZXM8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5Kb3Vy
bmFsIG9mIGJvbmUgYW5kIG1pbmVyYWwgcmVzZWFyY2ggOiB0aGUgb2ZmaWNpYWwgam91cm5hbCBv
ZiB0aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gU29jaWV0eSBmb3IgQm9uZSBhbmQgTWluZXJhbCBSZXNlYXJjaDwvYWJi
ci0xPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48YWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBCb25lIE1pbmVy
IFJlczwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48YWJici0xPkpvdXJuYWwgb2YgYm9uZSBhbmQgbWluZXJhbCByZXNl
YXJjaCA6IHRoZSBvZmZpY2lhbCBqb3VybmFsIG9mIHRoZSBBbWVyaWNhbiBTb2NpZXR5IGZvciBC
b25lIGFuZCBNaW5lcmFsIFJlc2VhcmNoPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9hbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFnZXM+
MjE2MS04MTwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4yOTwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MTA8L251bWJlcj48a2V5
d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWRvbGVzY2VudDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5CaW9tZWNoYW5pY2Fs
IFBoZW5vbWVuYTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5Cb25lIGFuZCBCb25lcy8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwv
a2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5DaGlsZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+
PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+
TW90b3IgQWN0aXZpdHkvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+T2JzZXJ2YXRpb25h
bCBTdHVkaWVzIGFzIFRvcGljPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPk9yZ2FuIFNpemUvcGh5c2lvbG9n
eTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5SYW5kb21pemVkIENvbnRyb2xsZWQgVHJpYWxzIGFzIFRvcGlj
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlNwb3J0czwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdvcmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVh
cj4yMDE0PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+T2N0PC9kYXRlPjwvcHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0
ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTUyMy00NjgxIChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDg4NC0wNDMxIChMaW5raW5nKTwv
aXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yNDczNzM4ODwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRl
ZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1Ym1lZC8yNDczNzM4ODwv
dXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTAw
Mi9qYm1yLjIyNTQ8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0Vu
ZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 128,184, there are mixed findings from the limited number of school-based exercise intervention studies that have used pQCT to evaluate exercise-induced changes in bone structure and strengthPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWNkb25hbGQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5NYWNkb25hbGQ8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDA3PC9ZZWFy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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 185-189. Nevertheless, several previous cross-sectional studies in children and adolescentsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EdWNraGFtPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5EdWNraGFtPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNjwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 62,190 and young athletes ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Rantalainen</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>249</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">191</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>249</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1458275880">249</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Rantalainen, T.</author><author>Nikander, R.</author><author>Daly, R. M.</author><author>Heinonen, A.</author><author>Sievanen, H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. timo.j.rantalainen@jyu.fi</auth-address><titles><title>Exercise loading and cortical bone distribution at the tibial shaft</title><secondary-title>Bone</secondary-title><alt-title>Bone</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Bone</full-title><abbr-1>Bone</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Bone</full-title><abbr-1>Bone</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>786-91</pages><volume>48</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Analysis of Variance</keyword><keyword>Bone Density</keyword><keyword>*Exercise</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Tibia/anatomy & histology/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Apr 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1873-2763 (Electronic)
1873-2763 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21122824</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> have reported that higher levels of weight-bearing impact activities were associated with localized cortical adaptations, particularly in the anterior-posterior plane of the mid and proximal tibia. This is in line with other evidence that suggests that the mid-tibial shafts primary loading mode is bending in anterior-posterior plane ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Peterman</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>214</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">192</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>214</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1454544555">214</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Peterman, M. M.</author><author>Hamel, A. J.</author><author>Cavanagh, P. R.</author><author>Piazza, S. J.</author><author>Sharkey, N. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Center for Locomotion Studies, 29 Recreation Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-5702, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>In vitro modeling of human tibial strains during exercise in micro-gravity</title><secondary-title>J Biomech</secondary-title><alt-title>Journal of biomechanics</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>J Biomech</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of biomechanics</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>J Biomech</full-title><abbr-1>Journal of biomechanics</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>693-8</pages><volume>34</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Biomechanical Phenomena</keyword><keyword>Exercise/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Gait/physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>In Vitro Techniques</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>*Models, Biological</keyword><keyword>Tibia/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Walking/physiology</keyword><keyword>Weightlessness Countermeasures</keyword><keyword>*Weightlessness Simulation</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2001</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0021-9290 (Print)
0021-9290 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>11311711</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url> and thus should also be the sites most prone to tibial fracture and therefore also the sites where increased bone mass and bone structure would benefit the fracture risk most.The greater gain in bone mass in girls with increased PA in our study transformed to a 0.4 standard deviation higher spine aBMD after seven years of intervention, a benefit that according to previous research would convey close to a 25% lower fracture riskPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW1taW5nczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTQ8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DdW1taW5nczwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTQ8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 193. Both boys and girls with increased PA in our study also had higher gains in muscle strength, which points to an even larger possible fracture risk reduction, since improved neuromuscular function is associated with a low fall riskPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5ZYXU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEzPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5ZYXU8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEzPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 116,183. This thesis also shows that girls receiving the intervention had greater cortical strength (SSI) and higher mineral mass at the lateral, anterior and anterior-medial sectors of the tibia compared to controls, which may also contribute in decreasing the fracture risk. The region-specific adaptations in the medial and lateral planes may be explained by the fact that our generalized PE intervention included a wide range of activities, such as ball games, running, jumping, and playing, that could have created bending forces in the medial and lateral planes of the tibia. This thesis supports previous short-term studies that indicate that PA programs improve musculoskeletal development in both genders, but extend the knowledge as we found that girls seemed to benefit more when the program was continued long-term into puberty. This could be because girls in general are less active in their spare time generally and in puberty reduce their PA level to a greater extent than boys ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Goran</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>70</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">194</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>70</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1383573189">70</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Goran, M. I.</author><author>Gower, B. A.</author><author>Nagy, T. R.</author><author>Johnson, R. K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition Sciences, and the Obesity Research Center, School of Health Related Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Developmental changes in energy expenditure and physical activity in children: evidence for a decline in physical activity in girls before puberty</title><secondary-title>Pediatrics</secondary-title><alt-title>Pediatrics</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatrics</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>Pediatrics</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>887-91</pages><volume>101</volume><number>5</number><keywords><keyword>Basal Metabolism</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Child Development/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Energy Intake</keyword><keyword>*Energy Metabolism</keyword><keyword>Exercise</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Longitudinal Studies</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>*Physical Exertion</keyword><keyword>Puberty</keyword><keyword>Sex Factors</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1998</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>9565420</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>. Indeed, boys in our study were already undertaking a mean of >3 hours per week of physical activity prior to the start of the intervention, hence the additional physical activity may not have been not enough to elicit further bone adaptation. The extra school-based PE would therefore have contributed relatively more to the total duration of PA in girls than in boys. Academic performancePA has been associated with beneficial cognitive achievementPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CdXJyb3dzPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CdXJyb3dzPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 92,195-198. This thesis supports this view by showing that increased PA results in increased grades and increased qualification rate to upper secondary school for boys. Furthermore, the increase by 7.3 percentage points should be regarded as an improvement not only of statistical but also clinical relevance, especially since the eligibility rate in Swedish children has decreased during the same period. Since girls before the intervention already had a 95.0% qualification rate and 74.8% of the maximal grades, significantly higher than boys, the potential for them to improve was probably lower than in boys, for girls maybe even enough to be affected by ceiling effects ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Po</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>446</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">199</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>446</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1472029946">446</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Po, Alain Li Wan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine</title><secondary-title>Radcliffe Publishing, ISBN 978-1-85775-305-9.</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Radcliffe Publishing, ISBN 978-1-85775-305-9.</full-title></periodical><pages>20</pages><dates><year>1998</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>199.To further analyze the effect of the PA intervention program on academic performance, we compared the intervention school with the control schools from Paper I-III (Table 4 and 5). The results are similar to those comparing the intervention school to all Swedish students (Paper IV). This strengthens our view that the intervention program is the main factor for the positive development in academic performance. However, the fact that the control schools had significantly higher grades and qualification rates before the intervention was initiated is a limitation. Since we had data for all Swedish students, we thus consider the primary analysis included in Paper IV to be of higher interest and research value. Table 4. Eligibility for upper secondary school and summarized grades for boys in the index school (n=155) and the control school (n=358) during years 2003 – 2006 (abefore the intervention was initiated in the index school) and for boys in the index school (n=185) and the control school (n=448) during years 2007 – 2012 (bwith intervention in the index school).BOYSStudents graduatingaStudents graduatingbMean difference between2003-20062007-2012the two periodsEligibility for upper secondary school (n (%))percentage pointsIndex school137 (88.4%)177 (95.7%)7.3 (1.4, 13.2)Control school344 (96.1%)432 (96.4%)0.3 (-2.3, 3.0)Summarized grades (mean points (95%CI))pointsIndex school197.7 (189.6, 205.7)211.0 (204.4, 217.5)13.3 (3.1, 23.5)Control school215.0 (208.9, 221.1)223,3 (218.3, 228.3)8.3 (0.5, 16.1)Data presented as absolute numbers (n), percentages (%), percentage points (pp) and means with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Statistically significant group differences are bolded. Table 5. Eligibility for upper secondary school and summarized grades for girls in the index school (n=140) and the control school (n=316) during years 2003 – 2006 (abefore the intervention was initiated in the index school) and for girls in the index school (n=153) and the control school (n=410) during years 2007 – 2012 (bwith intervention in the index school).GIRLSStudents graduatingaStudents graduatingbMean difference between2003-20062007-2012the two periodsEligibility for upper secondary school (n (%))percentage pointsIndex school133 (95.0%)146 (95.4%)0.4 (-4.5, 5.4)Control school306 (96.8%)397 (96.8%)0.0 (-2.6, 2.6)Summarized grades (mean points (95%CI))pointsIndex school239.2 (231.3, 247.1)233.6 (225.9, 241.3) -5.6 (-16.6, 5.4)Control school231.2 (224.9, 237.5)237.7 (232.3, 243.2)6.5 (-1.8, 14.8)Data presented as absolute numbers (n), percentages (%), percentage points (pp) and means with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Statistically significant group differences are bolded.The amount or intensity of the PA needed to improve cognitive achievement has been discussedPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Eb25uZWxseTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Eb25uZWxseTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTE8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 157,200 without any clear consensus. Since we in our study exposed all children within a school (not only those who chose to participate) to PA activities on a moderate level, facilitating that every child could participate, our study indicates that increased PA is a feasible strategy to improve academic school results in boys on a population-based level. Several explanatory hypotheses have been postulatedPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Fcmljc3NvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Fcmljc3NvbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTQ8L1llYXI+
PFJlY051bT4yMjI8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+PHN0eWxlIGZhY2U9InN1cGVyc2NyaXB0
Ij4xNTMsMTk1LDIwMTwvc3R5bGU+PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjIy
MjwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9ImQyMGVmdjJ0
ZXJld3B3ZXNwMGVwYXN4ZXhzemU1czJyd2VzeCIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDU1NTc2ODM5Ij4yMjI8
L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwv
cmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkVyaWNzc29uLCBJLjwvYXV0
aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S2FybHNzb24sIE0uIEsuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0
b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+RmFjdWx0eSBvZiBFZHVjYXRpb24gYW5kIFNvY2lldHksIFNwb3J0
IFNjaWVuY2VzLCBNYWxtbyBVbml2ZXJzaXR5LCBNYWxtbywgU3dlZGVuLjwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNz
Pjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPk1vdG9yIHNraWxscyBhbmQgc2Nob29sIHBlcmZvcm1hbmNlIGluIGNo
aWxkcmVuIHdpdGggZGFpbHkgcGh5c2ljYWwgZWR1Y2F0aW9uIGluIHNjaG9vbC0tYSA5LXllYXIg
aW50ZXJ2ZW50aW9uIHN0dWR5PC90aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPlNjYW5kIEogTWVkIFNj
aSBTcG9ydHM8L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48YWx0LXRpdGxlPlNjYW5kaW5hdmlhbiBqb3VybmFs
IG9mIG1lZGljaW5lICZhbXA7IHNjaWVuY2UgaW4gc3BvcnRzPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+
PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+U2NhbmQgSiBNZWQgU2NpIFNwb3J0czwvZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT48YWJici0xPlNjYW5kaW5hdmlhbiBqb3VybmFsIG9mIG1lZGljaW5lICZhbXA7IHNjaWVuY2Ug
aW4gc3BvcnRzPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRs
ZT5TY2FuZCBKIE1lZCBTY2kgU3BvcnRzPC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+U2NhbmRpbmF2aWFu
IGpvdXJuYWwgb2YgbWVkaWNpbmUgJmFtcDsgc2NpZW5jZSBpbiBzcG9ydHM8L2FiYnItMT48L2Fs
dC1wZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxwYWdlcz4yNzMtODwvcGFnZXM+PHZvbHVtZT4yNDwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1i
ZXI+MjwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29yZD4qQWNoaWV2ZW1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl
eXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+RWR1Y2F0aW9uYWwgU3RhdHVzPC9rZXl3b3Jk
PjxrZXl3b3JkPkZlbWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+TG9uZ2l0dWRpbmFsIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+TWFsZTwva2V5d29yZD48
a2V5d29yZD4qTW90b3IgU2tpbGxzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipQaHlzaWNhbCBFZHVjYXRp
b24gYW5kIFRyYWluaW5nPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlByb3NwZWN0aXZlIFN0dWRpZXM8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+KlNjaG9vbCBBZG1pc3Npb24gQ3JpdGVyaWE8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv
cmQ+U3dlZGVuPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPlRpbWUgRmFjdG9yczwva2V5d29yZD48L2tleXdv
cmRzPjxkYXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDE0PC95ZWFyPjxwdWItZGF0ZXM+PGRhdGU+QXByPC9kYXRlPjwv
cHViLWRhdGVzPjwvZGF0ZXM+PGlzYm4+MTYwMC0wODM4IChFbGVjdHJvbmljKSYjeEQ7MDkwNS03
MTg4IChMaW5raW5nKTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMjQ4NzE3MDwvYWNjZXNzaW9uLW51
bT48dXJscz48cmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjx1cmw+aHR0cDovL3d3dy5uY2JpLm5sbS5uaWguZ292L3B1
Ym1lZC8yMjQ4NzE3MDwvdXJsPjwvcmVsYXRlZC11cmxzPjwvdXJscz48ZWxlY3Ryb25pYy1yZXNv
dXJjZS1udW0+MTAuMTExMS9qLjE2MDAtMDgzOC4yMDEyLjAxNDU4Lng8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVz
b3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkhpbGxtYW48L0F1dGhvcj48
WWVhcj4yMDA4PC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNOdW0+MjI1PC9SZWNOdW0+PHJlY29yZD48cmVjLW51bWJlcj4y
MjU8L3JlYy1udW1iZXI+PGZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48a2V5IGFwcD0iRU4iIGRiLWlkPSJkMjBlZnYy
dGVyZXdwd2VzcDBlcGFzeGV4c3plNXMycndlc3giIHRpbWVzdGFtcD0iMTQ1NTY2NjEzNCI+MjI1
PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJuYWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8
L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5IaWxsbWFuLCBDLiBILjwv
YXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RXJpY2tzb24sIEsuIEkuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5LcmFtZXIsIEEu
IEYuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+Q2hhcmxl
cyBILiBIaWxsbWFuIGlzIGF0IHRoZSBEZXBhcnRtZW50IG9mIEtpbmVzaW9sb2d5IGFuZCBDb21t
dW5pdHkgSGVhbHRoLCAyMTMgTG91aXNlIEZyZWVyIEhhbGwsIDkwNiBTb3V0aCBHb29kd2luIEF2
ZW51ZSwgVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBJbGxpbm9pcywgVXJiYW5hLCBJbGxpbm9pcyA2MTgwMSwgVVNB
LiBjaGhpbGxtYUB1aXVjLmVkdTwvYXV0aC1hZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPkJlIHNtYXJ0
LCBleGVyY2lzZSB5b3VyIGhlYXJ0OiBleGVyY2lzZSBlZmZlY3RzIG9uIGJyYWluIGFuZCBjb2du
aXRpb248L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+TmF0IFJldiBOZXVyb3NjaTwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5
LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+TmF0dXJlIHJldmlld3MuIE5ldXJvc2NpZW5jZTwvYWx0LXRpdGxl
PjwvdGl0bGVzPjxwZXJpb2RpY2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk5hdCBSZXYgTmV1cm9zY2k8L2Z1bGwt
dGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5OYXR1cmUgcmV2aWV3cy4gTmV1cm9zY2llbmNlPC9hYmJyLTE+PC9wZXJp
b2RpY2FsPjxhbHQtcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5OYXQgUmV2IE5ldXJvc2NpPC9mdWxs
LXRpdGxlPjxhYmJyLTE+TmF0dXJlIHJldmlld3MuIE5ldXJvc2NpZW5jZTwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0
LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjU4LTY1PC9wYWdlcz48dm9sdW1lPjk8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVy
PjE8L251bWJlcj48a2V5d29yZHM+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdpbmcvcGh5c2lvbG9neS9wc3ljaG9sb2d5
PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFuaW1hbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QnJhaW4vKnBoeXNp
b2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q29nbml0aW9uLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkVkdWNhdGlvbmFsIFN0YXR1czwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5FeGVyY2lzZS8qcGh5
c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5IZWFydC8qcGh5c2lvbG9neTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5
d29yZD5IdW1hbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAwODwveWVhcj48
cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkphbjwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE0NzEt
MDA0OCAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzE0NzEtMDAzWCAoTGlua2luZyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lv
bi1udW0+MTgwOTQ3MDY8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0
dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTgwOTQ3MDY8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQt
dXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEwLjEwMzgvbnJuMjI5ODwvZWxl
Y3Ryb25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjxDaXRlPjxBdXRob3I+U2NobmVp
ZGVyPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwOTwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjIzMjwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+
PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MjMyPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBk
Yi1pZD0iZDIwZWZ2MnRlcmV3cHdlc3AwZXBhc3hleHN6ZTVzMnJ3ZXN4IiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0
NTYwOTgzOTQiPjIzMjwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYtdHlwZSBuYW1lPSJKb3VybmFs
IEFydGljbGUiPjE3PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRob3I+U2No
bmVpZGVyLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Vm9ndCwgVC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkZyeXNj
aCwgSi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkd1YXJkaWVyYSwgUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlN0cnVk
ZXIsIEguIEsuPC9hdXRob3I+PC9hdXRob3JzPjwvY29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+
SW5zdGl0dXRlIG9mIE1vdmVtZW50IGFuZCBOZXVyb3NjaWVuY2VzLCBHZXJtYW4gU3BvcnQgVW5p
dmVyc2l0eSBDb2xvZ25lLCBHZXJtYW55LiBzY2huZWlkZXJAZHNocy1rb2Vsbi5kZTwvYXV0aC1h
ZGRyZXNzPjx0aXRsZXM+PHRpdGxlPlNjaG9vbCBzcG9ydC0tYSBuZXVyb3BoeXNpb2xvZ2ljYWwg
YXBwcm9hY2g8L3RpdGxlPjxzZWNvbmRhcnktdGl0bGU+TmV1cm9zY2kgTGV0dDwvc2Vjb25kYXJ5
LXRpdGxlPjxhbHQtdGl0bGU+TmV1cm9zY2llbmNlIGxldHRlcnM8L2FsdC10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxl
cz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5OZXVyb3NjaSBMZXR0PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjxhYmJy
LTE+TmV1cm9zY2llbmNlIGxldHRlcnM8L2FiYnItMT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PGFsdC1wZXJpb2Rp
Y2FsPjxmdWxsLXRpdGxlPk5ldXJvc2NpIExldHQ8L2Z1bGwtdGl0bGU+PGFiYnItMT5OZXVyb3Nj
aWVuY2UgbGV0dGVyczwvYWJici0xPjwvYWx0LXBlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjEzMS00PC9wYWdl
cz48dm9sdW1lPjQ2Nzwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+MjwvbnVtYmVyPjxrZXl3b3Jkcz48a2V5d29y
ZD4qQWNoaWV2ZW1lbnQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWxwaGEgUmh5dGhtPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPkJldGEgUmh5dGhtPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJyYWluLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9r
ZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkJyYWluIE1hcHBpbmc8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tl
eXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+Q29nbml0aW9uLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkVk
dWNhdGlvbmFsIE1lYXN1cmVtZW50PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPipFeGVyY2lzZTwva2V5d29y
ZD48a2V5d29yZD5GZW1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3
b3JkPk1hbGU8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U3BvcnRzLypwaHlzaW9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr
ZXl3b3JkPlN5bmFwdGljIFBvdGVudGlhbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHll
YXI+MjAwOTwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPkRlYyAyNTwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48
L2RhdGVzPjxpc2JuPjE4NzItNzk3MiAoRWxlY3Ryb25pYykmI3hEOzAzMDQtMzk0MCAoTGlua2lu
Zyk8L2lzYm4+PGFjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+MTk4MzU5MzI8L2FjY2Vzc2lvbi1udW0+PHVybHM+PHJl
bGF0ZWQtdXJscz48dXJsPmh0dHA6Ly93d3cubmNiaS5ubG0ubmloLmdvdi9wdWJtZWQvMTk4MzU5
MzI8L3VybD48L3JlbGF0ZWQtdXJscz48L3VybHM+PGVsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjEw
LjEwMTYvai5uZXVsZXQuMjAwOS4xMC4wMjI8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2UtbnVtPjwvcmVj
b3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 153,195,201, but the reasons for the improved school performance are unclear. There are studies inferring PA to have direct positive effects on the nervous system by increasing brain volume, blood flow to the brain, synaptic plasticity, as well as promoting formation of nerve cells, all involved in different aspects of perception, cognition, memory, and attentionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OZWVwZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5OZWVwZXI8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTk1PC9ZZWFyPjxS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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 147,148,150. There are also studies suggesting PA to have positive effects on psychological parameters such as self-esteem, motivation, social engagement, and communication ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><RecNum>275</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">109</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>275</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1462949505">275</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title>Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment</title><secondary-title>Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of Medicine; Kohl HW III, Cook HD, editors. Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2013 Oct 30. Available from: doi: 10.17226/18314</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>109, all of importance for learning outcomes. Other studies suggest inferior motor skills to have negative effects in these psychological parameters and delay cognitive development ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Cratty</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>248</RecNum><DisplayText><style face="superscript">151,152</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>248</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1456889578">248</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cratty, B. </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Coordination Problems Among Learning Disabled, In B. Cratty & R. Goldman (Eds.)</title><secondary-title>Learning Disabilities, Contemporary Viewpoints. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Learning Disabilities, Contemporary Viewpoints. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.</full-title></periodical><dates><year>1997</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Gjesing</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>246</RecNum><record><rec-number>246</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="d20efv2terewpwesp0epasxexsze5s2rwesx" timestamp="1456889408">246</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gjesing, G. </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Kropumulige Unger. </title><secondary-title>K?penhamn: DHLs f?rlag.</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>K?penhamn: DHLs f?rlag.</full-title></periodical><dates><year>1997</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>151,152. Furthermore, an association has been shown between PA and attention and academic test resultsPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IaWxsbWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwODwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5IaWxsbWFuPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwODwvWWVhcj48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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA 153,154, linking higher levels of PA to the ability to concentrate in the classroom, which also could influence academic performance.Strengths of the studiesThe strengths of the studies in this thesis include the longitudinal population-based case-control design, the large sample size in the fracture evaluation, the high participation rate in the fracture evaluation and the longest reported intervention follow-up period. It is advantageous that the level of PA in the intervention group was on a moderate level so that all children could participate. Also, the unique technique used to quantify cortical mass and density distribution and the use of the clinically relevant endpoints fractures, average grades and qualification rate to upper secondary school programs must be considered as strengths.Limitations of the studiesThe main weakness of the studies in this thesis is that they are not randomized controlled trials (RCT). No individual and no school randomization was done prior to study start, but since all schools had the Swedish standard of 60 min/week of PE before the study start and since the schools were community-based, located in the same geographic area with homogenous socioeconomic and ethnic structure and with the children allocated to each school according to their residential address, the risk of selection bias seems low. Other weaknesses include the lack of information regarding when and where the fractures occurred and the lack of registration of non-organized PA. Also, it would have been advantageous to have an objective measurement of the duration of PA throughout the study, e.g. continuous accelerometer-data. Since we only found positive effects in aBMD at the lumbar spine and not the hip and only two of four muscle strength tests in boys and one of four tests in girls, the concern that these positive effects may be related to other differences than the level of PA must be raised. The lower participation rate in the control group (28%) compared to the intervention group (73%) in the musculoskeletal evaluations is also a weakness. However, the view that the data are generalizable is strengthened by the dropout analyses revealing only slight differences between participants and dropouts at baseline in girls and none in boys, and no differences between participants and non-participants in the compulsory grade one school health examination.In the academic performance evaluation the relatively small intervention group and the absence of background data are limitations since other variables such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status and parental education may affect the outcome. To avoid the influence of any ceiling effect, we would have preferred to conduct the intervention in a school with lower academic achievements in girls, giving them the same potential for improvement as boys in our study.Other limitations that should be highlighted include the power problem for the fracture endpoint, especially in gender-specific sub-group analyses, the cross-sectional pQCT evaluation and the self-assessment of Tanner staging.ConclusionsThis thesis shows that increasing the amount of physical education in school from approximately 60 min/week to 40 min daily (200 min/week) from school start in children aged 6–9 years decreases the fracture risk with every year of extra physical education and enhances muscle strength.This program also improves bone mass and bone strength in girls, accompanied by region-specific gains in cortical bone mass distribution.Finally, the extra physical education during all nine compulsory school years improves grades and eligibility to higher education in boys.With these conclusions, we call on politicians and decision makers to strongly consider expansion of the physical education school curriculum to include daily physical activity in all Swedish schools to improve the musculoskeletal health and academic performance of future generations. Future perspectivesThe first three papers in this thesis examine the effect on fracture risk and musculoskeletal health during childhood and adolescence, and since there is a positive effect for the study subject the most intriguing question for the future is whether or not these benefits remain into adulthood and old age and thereby could affect the development of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. To answer this question the POP cohort must be followed further longitudinally into adulthood. However, a seven-year exercise intervention trial is a push forward regarding the field of school-based physical activity affecting bone mass, bone structure and muscle strength. One of the main findings, decreasing fracture risk with every year of intervention, provides new information about the main outcome from most studies involving bone mass and bone structure, fractures. Since this might be in part due to increased bone mass and muscle strength, fracture risk should be followed further to evaluate if this decrease continues and results in an absolute lower fracture risk with extension of the intervention. The bone mass distribution sheds light on how and where the increased bone mass is acquired and provides more insight into the physiology of skeletal response to general physical activity. Future studies should include more common fracture sites to evaluate the effect of physical activity on bone remodeling where the effect can be directly transferred to decreasing fractures. Two major concerns about increasing physical education in school have been the decreased time for other important school subjects and increased school resources needed for such a change in the curriculum. With this school-based intervention we now burst these concerning bubbles by showing that no decrease in grades accompanies such a program and no extra resources are needed. In fact, this thesis now provides strong evidence that increased physical education from school start and throughout elementary school increases grades and eligibility rate for upper secondary school programs in boys. To further investigate the effect of physical activity on academic performance the same cohort should be followed into adulthood to evaluate professional success. Summary in Swedish – Popul?rvetenskaplig sammanfattningFrakturer ?r ett stort och dessutom ?kande samh?llsproblem. Genom att st?rka skelettet och muskulaturen kan risken f?r frakturer minskas. H?g fysisk aktivitet ?r associerad med h?g benmassa, gynnsam skelettstruktur, god muskelfunktion och l?g risk att drabbas av frakturer. Fysisk aktivitet skulle d?rf?r kunna vara en m?jlig strategi f?r att minska antalet frakturer i samh?llet. Tidigare forskning har visat att den b?sta perioden i livet att p?verka sitt skelett genom fysisk aktivitet ?r pre- och peri-pubertalt. Tidigare studier ?r dock korta, innefattar sm? kohorter och baseras fr?mst p? inklusion av frivilliga idrottsintresserade barn. Detta g?r det sv?rt att uttala sig om eventuella l?ngtidseffekter samt populationsbaserade effekter, b?da viktiga sett ur ett samh?llsperspektiv. Skall fysisk aktivitet kunna anv?ndas s? effektivt som m?jligt som frakturprofylax b?r den inkludera s? m?nga barn som m?jligt, helst alla i befolkningen, och ge effekter ?ven vid en tr?ningsniv? som alla barn klarar av att genomf?ra. Det finns ut?ver detta ?ven studier som antyder att ?kad fysisk aktivitet ?r associerad med f?rb?ttrade kognitiva funktioner, s?som minne och inl?rning. D?rigenom skulle ?ven akademiska skolresultat kunna p?verkas. Detta ?r av stort intresse eftersom skolresultaten i svensk grundskola, enligt den ?terkommande PISA-rapporten, de senaste decennierna f?rs?mrats. Detta g?ller b?de betyg och andel barn som blir beh?riga till gymnasial utbildning. ?kad skolidrott skulle s?ledes kunna vara ett s?tt att v?nda denna trend. Mot denna bakgrund startades Bunkefloprojektet (p? engelska f?rkortad till POP-study), en populationsbaserad prospektiv kontrollerad interventionsstudie som innefattar barn fr?n fyra grundskolor i sydv?stra Malm?. En av skolorna ut?kade ?mnet idrott och h?lsa fr?n 60 min/vecka till 200 min/vecka (40 min/skoldag). Denna skola fungerade som interventionsskola. Resterande tre skolor fortsatte med 60 min/vecka idrottsundervisning (svensk standard) och fungerade d? som kontrollskolor. Vi inkluderade alla 3?534 barn (6–9 ?r gamla) som b?rjade ?rskurs 1 i n?gon av dessa skolor ?r 1998 till 2012 och f?ljde dem i 7 ?r avseende frakturer. De 264 barn som b?rjade ?r 1998 till 2000 erbj?ds vara med i en ut?kad del av studien d?r vi f?ljde utveckling av skelett, muskelstyrka och livsstilsfaktorer genom ?rliga m?tningar. F?r att utv?rdera akademiska skolresultat inkluderades alla individer som slutat ?rskurs 9 ?r 2003 till 2012 i interventionsskolan. Vi anv?nde ?ven Skolverkets statistikdatabas (Siris) f?r att inkludera alla individer som slutat ?rskurs 9 ?r 2003 till 2012 i hela Sverige som akademisk kontrollgrupp. P? detta s?tt kunde vi j?mf?ra skolresultaten mellan och inom skolorna f?re interventionen (skolslut 2003 till 2006) och efter interventionens inf?rande (skolslut 2007 till 2012).Barnen i interventionsskolan hade j?mf?rt med barnen i kontrollskolorna ?kad frakturrisk under det f?rsta ?ret efter p?b?rjad intervention, varefter den relativa frakturrisken sj?nk f?r varje ?r som interventionen p?gick. Vi s?g ?ven att flickorna i interventionsgruppen hade f?rb?ttrad utveckling av skelettet, i form av ?kad benmassa och f?r?ndrad struktur j?mf?rt med kontrollgruppen. N?gon s?dan effekt kunde inte registreras bland pojkarna. B?de flickor och pojkar i interventionsgruppen hade f?rb?ttrad utveckling av muskelstyrkan j?mf?rt med kontrollgruppen. Pojkarna med extra skolidrott f?rb?ttrade sina slutbetyg i nionde klass samt i denna grupp minskade ?ven andelen individer som inte klarade beh?righetskraven till gymnasial utbildning. Hos flickorna kunde inga akademiska gynnsamma effekter registreras bland dem med daglig fysisk aktivitet under grundskole?ren.?kad skolidrott f?refaller s?ledes vara en strategi som kan minska den relativa risken f?r fraktur, f?rb?ttra utvecklingen av skelett och muskelstyrka samt ?ka de akademiska skolprestationerna. Det finns st?d fr?n andra studier att en s?dan utveckling i ungdomen kan leda till starkare skelett och b?ttre muskulatur och d?rigenom f?rre frakturer ?ven i vuxenlivet och ?lderdomen. Detta g?r att vi nu har starkt vetenskapligt underlag att rekommendera daglig idrott i grundskolan f?r alla barn. AcknowledgementsMy first encounter with the project that was to be my PhD project was in the office of my supervisor, Professor Magnus Karlsson. I was pitching an idea for a research project I was going to do as part of my medical education. I had it all worked out. I had a plan.For the next months, Professor Karlsson guided me in my work towards an approved report for my education. He also inspired me to continue with the project and apply for an internship with research possibilities. After that there was no longer any doubt in my mind that this thesis would be completed. Professor Karlsson showed great enthusiasm and leadership over the following years when he inspired me through discussions at the office, email replies during the early hours of Sundays, travels to ?re, Houston, Seattle, Las Vegas and Melbourne and in the end finalizing this thesis.Back to the plan I had during that first meeting. Well, that was the first and most important thing Professor Karlsson did for me. He told me it was a crappy plan and instead presented a great research project including the schools I myself attended for 9 years to make it even more interesting. My most sincere thanks for that honesty and for all your tutelage.Research was never part of my plan when studying medicine. Therefore I have many people to thank for getting me started and even more people for helping along the way:Co-supervisor Dr. Bj?rn Rosengren. Thank you for your relentless endeavor for improvement in our work and our interesting and humorous discussions that really keep me on my toes.Co-author Professor Rob Daly. Thank you for hosting me in Melbourne and for filling in some of the gaps in knowledge I had concerning difficulties in creating a database and inclusion in a study.Co-author Dr. Marcus C?ster. Thank you for all the discussions at the office when we tried to outwit Magnus and Bj?rn with new takes on all the data and research questions. You had a great impact in the beginning of my research journey.Co-author Jan-?ke Nilsson. Thank you for your invaluable statistical advice and discussions.Co-authors Magnus Dencker, Caroline Karlsson. Thank you for your contributions to the publications.Co-authors Rachel Duckham and Timo Rantalainen. Thank you for guiding me in the field of cortical distribution, teaching me about study inclusion and taking time out of your schedules to support my research.Per G?rdsell and Christian Lindén. Thank you for your initiation and planning of the study.Susanne J?nsson, Christina Nilsson, Eva-Lena Forsberg, Karin Kristensson, Gunnel Nilsson, Karin ?nnby, Susanna Stenevi-Lundgren and Karin Ringsberg. Thank you for all you efforts with the measurements.Lise-Lott H?gg, Lisa Quensel and Lars Jehpsson. Thank you for your help with data management.Anette Rafsted, ?sa Almgren and Carin Holmberg. Thank you for collecting data, giving logistic support and helping out with organization of the study participants.All the children, parents, teachers and headmasters from the POP study. Thank you for making this project possible and for your enthusiasm doing so.My family. Thank you for your limitless support in every aspect of life.My wife Emma. Thank you for all your love and support, especially when I wander away in my own thoughts.References ADDIN EN.REFLIST 1.Genant HK, Cooper C, Poor G, et al. Interim report and recommendations of the World Health Organization Task-Force for Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis international 1999;10:259-64.2.Abrahamsen B, van Staa T, Ariely R, Olson M, Cooper C. Excess mortality following hip fracture: a systematic epidemiological review. Osteoporosis international 2009;20:1633-50.3.Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis international 2006;17:1726-33.4.Borgstrom F, Zethraeus N, Johnell O, et al. Costs and quality of life associated with osteoporosis-related fractures in Sweden. Osteoporosis international 2006;17:637-50.5.Rosengren BE, Karlsson MK. The annual number of hip fractures in Sweden will double from year 2002 to 2050: projections based on local and nationwide data. Acta orthopaedica 2014;85:234-7.6.Rosengren BE, Karlsson M, Petersson I, Englund M. The 21st-century landscape of adult fractures: cohort study of a complete adult regional population. Journal of bone and mineral research 2015;30:535-42.7.Johnell O, Kanis J. Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis international 2005;16 Suppl 2:S3-7.8.Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Osteoporosis international 2000;11:669-74.9.Jerrhag D, Englund M, Petersson I, et al. Increasing wrist fracture rates in children may have major implications for future adult fracture burden. Acta orthopaedica 2016;87:296-300.10.Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. The New England journal of medicine 1995;332:767-73.11.De Laet C, Kanis JA, Oden A, et al. Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis international 2005;16:1330-8.12.Prieto-Alhambra D, Premaor MO, Fina Aviles F, et al. The association between fracture and obesity is site-dependent: a population-based study in postmenopausal women. Journal of bone and mineral research 2012;27:294-300.13.Nathorst Westfelt JA. Environmental factors in childhood accidents. A prospective study in Goteborg, Sweden. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement 1982;291:1-75.14.Landin LA. Fracture patterns in children. Analysis of 8,682 fractures with special reference to incidence, etiology and secular changes in a Swedish urban population 1950-1979. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica Supplementum 1983;202:1-109.15.Tiderius CJ, Landin L, Duppe H. Decreasing incidence of fractures in children: an epidemiological analysis of 1,673 fractures in Malmo, Sweden, 1993-1994. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica 1999;70:622-6.16.Hedstrom EM, Svensson O, Bergstrom U, Michno P. Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents. Acta orthopaedica 2010;81:148-53.17.Goulding A. Risk factors for fractures in normally active children and adolescents. Medicine and sport science 2007;51:102-20.18.Clark EM, Tobias JH, Ness AR. Association between bone density and fractures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2006;117:e291-7.19.Clark EM, Tobias JH, Murray L, Boreham C. Children with low muscle strength are at an increased risk of fracture with exposure to exercise. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 2011;11:196-202.20.Clark EM, Ness AR, Tobias JH. Vigorous physical activity increases fracture risk in children irrespective of bone mass: a prospective study of the independent risk factors for fractures in healthy children. Journal of bone and mineral research 2008;23:1012-22.21.Kular J, Tickner J, Chim SM, Xu J. An overview of the regulation of bone remodelling at the cellular level. Clinical biochemistry 2012;45:863-73.22.Knothe Tate ML, Adamson JR, Tami AE, Bauer TW. The osteocyte. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2004;36:1-8.23.Duncan RL, Turner CH. Mechanotransduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain. Calcified tissue international 1995;57:344-58.24.Malone AM, Anderson CT, Tummala P, et al. Primary cilia mediate mechanosensing in bone cells by a calcium-independent mechanism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007;104:13325-30.25.Chao Le Meng Bao EYT, Mark S.K. Chong, Yuchun Liu,, Chan MCaJKY. Advances in Bone Tissue Engineering. Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, InTech Available from: 2013.26.Lanyon LE. Osteocytes, strain detection, bone modeling and remodeling. Calcified tissue international 1993;53 Suppl 1:S102-6; discussion S6-7.27.Watts NB. Clinical utility of biochemical markers of bone remodeling. Clinical chemistry 1999;45:1359-68.28.Arnaud CD. Role of dietary calcium in osteoporosis. Advances in internal medicine 1990;35:93-106.29.Wastney ME, Martin BR, Peacock M, et al. Changes in calcium kinetics in adolescent girls induced by high calcium intake. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2000;85:4470-5.30.Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. The New England journal of medicine 2007;357:266-81.31.Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB, et al. Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Bmj 2009;339:b3692.32.Davies JH, Evans BA, Gregory JW. Bone mass acquisition in healthy children. Archives of disease in childhood 2005;90:373-8.33.Seeman E. Bone quality. Osteoporosis international 2003;14 Suppl 5:S3-7.34.Mauras N, Rogol AD, Haymond MW, Veldhuis JD. Sex steroids, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1: neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation in puberty. Hormone research 1996;45:74-80.35.Bailey DA, McKay HA, Mirwald RL, Crocker PR, Faulkner RA. A six-year longitudinal study of the relationship of physical activity to bone mineral accrual in growing children: the university of Saskatchewan bone mineral accrual study. Journal of bone and mineral research 1999;14:1672-9.36.Bailey DA, Martin AD, McKay HA, Whiting S, Mirwald R. Calcium accretion in girls and boys during puberty: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of bone and mineral research 2000;15:2245-50.37.Kannus P, Haapasalo H, Sankelo M, et al. Effect of starting age of physical activity on bone mass in the dominant arm of tennis and squash players. Annals of internal medicine 1995;123:27-31.38.Going SB, Farr JN. Exercise and Bone Macro-architecture: Is Childhood a Window of Opportunity for Osteoporosis Prevention? International journal of body composition research 2010;8:1-9.39.Bass SL, Eser P, Daly R. The effect of exercise and nutrition on the mechanostat. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 2005;5:239-54.40.Heaney RP, Abrams S, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. Peak bone mass. Osteoporosis international 2000;11:985-1009.41.Alwis G, Rosengren B, Stenevi-Lundgren S, Duppe H, Sernbo I, Karlsson MK. Normative dual energy X-ray absorptiometry data in Swedish children and adolescents. Acta paediatrica 2010;99:1091-9.42.Ahlborg HG, Johnell O, Turner CH, Rannevik G, Karlsson MK. Bone loss and bone size after menopause. The New England journal of medicine 2003;349:327-34.43.Eisman JA. Genetics of osteoporosis. Endocrine reviews 1999;20:788-804.44.Kelly PJ, Eisman JA, Sambrook PN. Interaction of genetic and environmental influences on peak bone density. Osteoporosis international 1990;1:56-60.45.Slemenda CW, Miller JZ, Hui SL, Reister TK, Johnston CC, Jr. Role of physical activity in the development of skeletal mass in children. Journal of bone and mineral research 1991;6:1227-33.46.Faulkner KG. Bone matters: are density increases necessary to reduce fracture risk? Journal of bone and mineral research 2000;15:183-7.47.Wasnich RD. Perspective on fracture risk and phalangeal bone mineral density. Journal of clinical densitometry 1998;1:259-68.48.Mackey DC, Lui LY, Cawthon PM, et al. High-trauma fractures and low bone mineral density in older women and men. Jama 2007;298:2381-8.49.Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organization technical report series 1994;843:1-129.50.SBU. The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. Oesoporos-prevention, diagnostik och behandling. 2003;1:377.51.Hernandez CJ, Beaupre GS, Carter DR. A theoretical analysis of the relative influences of peak BMD, age-related bone loss and menopause on the development of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis international 2003;14:843-7.52.Hui SL, Slemenda CW, Johnston CC, Jr. The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis international 1990;1:30-4.53.Beck TJ, Oreskovic TL, Stone KL, et al. Structural adaptation to changing skeletal load in the progression toward hip fragility: the study of osteoporotic fractures. Journal of bone and mineral research 2001;16:1108-19.54.Seeman E. Bone quality: the material and structural basis of bone strength. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 2008;26:1-8.55.Duan Y, Parfitt A, Seeman E. Vertebral bone mass, size, and volumetric density in women with spinal fractures. Journal of bone and mineral research 1999;14:1796-802.56.Seeman E, Duan Y, Fong C, Edmonds J. Fracture site-specific deficits in bone size and volumetric density in men with spine or hip fractures. Journal of bone and mineral research 2001;16:120-7.57.Rantalainen T, Nikander R, Heinonen A, Daly RM, Sievanen H. An open source approach for regional cortical bone mineral density analysis. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 2011;11:243-8.58.Atkinson PJ, Weatherell JA. Variation in the density of the femoral diaphysis with age. The Journal of bone and joint surgery British volume 1967;49:781-8.59.Robling AG, Hinant FM, Burr DB, Turner CH. Improved bone structure and strength after long-term mechanical loading is greatest if loading is separated into short bouts. Journal of bone and mineral research 2002;17:1545-54.60.Seeman E. Structural basis of growth-related gain and age-related loss of bone strength. Rheumatology 2008;47 Suppl 4:iv2-8.61.Bousson V, Meunier A, Bergot C, et al. Distribution of intracortical porosity in human midfemoral cortex by age and gender. Journal of bone and mineral research 2001;16:1308-17.62.Rantalainen T, Weeks BK, Nogueira RC, Beck BR. Effects of bone-specific physical activity, gender and maturity on tibial cross-sectional bone material distribution: a cross-sectional pQCT comparison of children and young adults aged 5-29 years. Bone 2015;72:101-8.63.Howard GM, Nguyen TV, Harris M, Kelly PJ, Eisman JA. Genetic and environmental contributions to the association between quantitative ultrasound and bone mineral density measurements: a twin study. Journal of bone and mineral research 1998;13:1318-27.64.Pocock NA, Eisman JA, Hopper JL, Yeates MG, Sambrook PN, Eberl S. Genetic determinants of bone mass in adults. A twin study. The Journal of clinical investigation 1987;80:706-10.65.Tremollieres FA, Pouilles JM, Drewniak N, Laparra J, Ribot CA, Dargent-Molina P. Fracture risk prediction using BMD and clinical risk factors in early postmenopausal women: sensitivity of the WHO FRAX tool. Journal of bone and mineral research 2010;25:1002-9.66.Bianchi ML, Baim S, Bishop NJ, et al. Official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) on DXA evaluation in children and adolescents. Pediatric nephrology 2010;25:37-47.67.Bone density measurement--a systematic review. A report from SBU, the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. Journal of internal medicine Supplement 1997;739:1-60.68.Laskey MA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body composition. Nutrition 1996;12:45-51.69.Faulkner KG, McClung MR. Quality control of DXA instruments in multicenter trials. Osteoporosis international 1995;5:218-27.70.Berger A. Bone mineral density scans. Bmj 2002;325:484.71.Damilakis J, Adams JE, Guglielmi G, Link TM. Radiation exposure in X-ray-based imaging techniques used in osteoporosis. European radiology 2010;20:2707-14.72.Svendsen OL, Hassager C, Skodt V, Christiansen C. Impact of soft tissue on in vivo accuracy of bone mineral measurements in the spine, hip, and forearm: a human cadaver study. Journal of bone and mineral research 1995;10:868-73.73.Patel R, Blake GM, Rymer J, Fogelman I. Long-term precision of DXA scanning assessed over seven years in forty postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis international 2000;11:68-75.74.Ashby RL, Ward KA, Roberts SA, Edwards L, Mughal MZ, Adams JE. A reference database for the Stratec XCT-2000 peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scanner in healthy children and young adults aged 6-19 years. Osteoporosis international 2009;20:1337-46.75.Huxley AF. Muscular contraction. The Journal of physiology 1974;243:1-43.76.Malina RM, Eisenmann JC, Cumming SP, Ribeiro B, Aroso J. Maturity-associated variation in the growth and functional capacities of youth football (soccer) players 13-15 years. European journal of applied physiology 2004;91:555-62.77.Van Waarde A, Van den Thillart G, Erkelens C, Addink A, Lugtenburg J. Functional coupling of glycolysis and phosphocreatine utilization in anoxic fish muscle. An in vivo 31P NMR study. The Journal of biological chemistry 1990;265:914-23.78.Medbo JI, Mohn AC, Tabata I, Bahr R, Vaage O, Sejersted OM. Anaerobic capacity determined by maximal accumulated O2 deficit. Journal of applied physiology 1988;64:50-60.79.Ingalls CP. Nature vs. nurture: can exercise really alter fiber type composition in human skeletal muscle? Journal of applied physiology 2004;97:1591-2.80.Rowland T. Developmental exercise physiology. 1996:215-30.81.Daly RM, Rosengren BE, Alwis G, Ahlborg HG, Sernbo I, Karlsson MK. Gender specific age-related changes in bone density, muscle strength and functional performance in the elderly: a-10 year prospective population-based study. BMC geriatrics 2013;13:71.82.De Ste Croix M, Deighan M, Armstrong N. Assessment and interpretation of isokinetic muscle strength during growth and maturation. Sports medicine 2003;33:727-43.83.Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. The Journal of pediatrics 2005;146:732-7.84.Gaines JM, Talbot LA. Isokinetic strength testing in research and practice. Biological research for nursing 1999;1:57-64.85.Jones, Stratton G. Muscle function assessment in children. Acta paediatrica 2000;89:753-61.86.Baker D, Wilson G, Carlyon B. Generality versus specificity: a comparison of dynamic and isometric measures of strength and speed-strength. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology 1994;68:350-5.87.Society AC. Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Adults. 2010.88.Barkley R. ADHD and the nature of self-control. . The Guilford Press 1997.89.Duvner T. ADHD. Liber 1997.90.Farooq M, Chaundhry A, Shafiq M, Berhanu G. Factors Affecting Students? Quality of Academic Performance: A Case of Secondary School Level. Journal of Quality and Technology Management 2011;7:1-14.91.Bunketorp Kall L, Malmgren H, Olsson E, Linden T, Nilsson M. Effects of a Curricular Physical Activity Intervention on Children's School Performance, Wellness, and Brain Development. The Journal of school health 2015;85:704-13.92.Burrows R, Correa-Burrows P, Orellana Y, Almagia A, Lizana P, Ivanovic D. Scheduled physical activity is associated with better academic performance in Chilean school-age children. Journal of physical activity & health 2014;11:1600-6.anisation for Co-operation and Development. PISA 2009. Results: Learning trends: Changes in Student Performance Since 2000 OECD Publishing, Paris Available from: 2010.94.York T, Gibson C, Rankin S. Defining and Measuring Academic Success. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation 2015;20.95.Swedish National Agency for Education. . Grading systems Available from: 2014.96.Swedish National Agency for Education. . Final Grades in Mandatory School, Spring 2015 Available from: 2015.anisation for Co-operation and Development. . Improving schools in Sweden: an OECD perspective OECD Publishing, Paris Available from: 2015.98.Ekman R, Dolan T. Kunskap om hj?rnan kan ge b?ttre skola [Knowledge about the brain can lead to a better school]. Sydsvenska Dagbladet 21 October 2010: A5 2010.99.Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public health reports 1985;100:126-31.100.Andersen LB, Harro M, Sardinha LB, et al. Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: a cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study). Lancet 2006;368:299-304.101.Lee IM, Rexrode KM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE. Physical activity and coronary heart disease in women: is "no pain, no gain" passe? Jama 2001;285:1447-54.102.Lee IM, Skerrett PJ. Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2001;33:S459-71; discussion S93-4.103.Services). UUSDoHaH. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. 2008.104.Chinapaw MJ, Mokkink LB, van Poppel MN, van Mechelen W, Terwee CB. Physical activity questionnaires for youth: a systematic review of measurement properties. Sports medicine 2010;40:539-63.105.Helmerhorst HJ, Brage S, Warren J, Besson H, Ekelund U. A systematic review of reliability and objective criterion-related validity of physical activity questionnaires. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 2012;9:103.106.Schoeller DA, van Santen E. Measurement of energy expenditure in humans by doubly labeled water method. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 1982;53:955-9.107.Keytel LR, Goedecke JH, Noakes TD, et al. Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise. Journal of sports sciences 2005;23:289-97.108.Tudor-Locke C, Williams JE, Reis JP, Pluto D. Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity: construct validity. Sports medicine 2004;34:281-91.mittee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment. Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of Medicine; Kohl HW III, Cook HD, editors Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2013 Oct 30 Available from: doi: 1017226/18314 2013.110.Ericsson I. Thesis: Motor skills, attention and academic achievements - An intervention study in school year 1-3. School of Education, Malm? University 2003.111.European Commision E, Eurodyce. . Physical Education and Sport at School in Europe 2013.112.Tammelin T. A review of longitudinal studies on youth predictors of adulthood physical activity. International journal of adolescent medicine and health 2005;17:3-12.113.Taylor WC, Blair SN, Cummings SS, Wun CC, Malina RM. Childhood and adolescent physical activity patterns and adult physical activity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 1999;31:118-23.114.Telama R, Yang X, Viikari J, Valimaki I, Wanne O, Raitakari O. Physical activity from childhood to adulthood: a 21-year tracking study. American journal of preventive medicine 2005;28:267-73.115.Gardner MM, Robertson MC, Campbell AJ. Exercise in preventing falls and fall related injuries in older people: a review of randomised controlled trials. British journal of sports medicine 2000;34:7-17.116.Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P, Strudwick M. The effect of a 12-month exercise trial on balance, strength, and falls in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1995;43:1198-206.117.Shumway-Cook A, Gruber W, Baldwin M, Liao S. The effect of multidimensional exercises on balance, mobility, and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Physical therapy 1997;77:46-57.118.Wolfson L, Whipple R, Derby C, et al. Balance and strength training in older adults: intervention gains and Tai Chi maintenance. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1996;44:498-506.119.Coutinho ES, Fletcher A, Bloch KV, Rodrigues LC. Risk factors for falls with severe fracture in elderly people living in a middle-income country: a case control study. BMC geriatrics 2008;8:21.120.Cameron ID, Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2012;12:CD005465.121.Nelson HD, Haney EM, Dana T, Bougatsos C, Chou R. Screening for osteoporosis: an update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of internal medicine 2010;153:99-111.122.Siris ES, Baim S, Nattiv A. Primary care use of FRAX: absolute fracture risk assessment in postmenopausal women and older men. Postgraduate medicine 2010;122:82-90.123.Lim LS, Hoeksema LJ, Sherin K, Committee APP. Screening for osteoporosis in the adult U.S. population: ACPM position statement on preventive practice. American journal of preventive medicine 2009;36:366-75.124.Lim SY, Lim JH, Nguyen D, et al. Screening for osteoporosis in men aged 70 years and older in a primary care setting in the United States. American journal of men's health 2013;7:350-4.125.Cooper C, Dennison EM, Leufkens HG, Bishop N, van Staa TP. Epidemiology of childhood fractures in Britain: a study using the general practice research database. Journal of bone and mineral research 2004;19:1976-81.eit M, Rosengren BE, Nyquist F, Nilsson JA, Karlsson MK. Former male elite athletes have lower incidence of fragility fractures than expected. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2013;45:405-10.127.Frost HM. Bone "mass" and the "mechanostat": a proposal. The Anatomical record 1987;219:1-9.128.Daly RM. The effect of exercise on bone mass and structural geometry during growth. Medicine and sport science 2007;51:33-49.129.Lanyon LE. Control of bone architecture by functional load bearing. Journal of bone and mineral research 1992;7 Suppl 2:S369-75.130.Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude. Calcified tissue international 1985;37:411-7.131.Leigey D, Irrgang J, Francis K, Cohen P, Wright V. Participation in high-impact sports predicts bone mineral density in senior olympic athletes. Sports health 2009;1:508-13.132.Hetland ML, Haarbo J, Christiansen C. Low bone mass and high bone turnover in male long distance runners. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 1993;77:770-5.133.Nikander R, Sievanen H, Heinonen A, Kannus P. Femoral neck structure in adult female athletes subjected to different loading modalities. Journal of bone and mineral research 2005;20:520-8.134.Kannus P, Jarvinen M, Sievanen H, Oja P, Vuori I. Osteoporosis in men with a history of tibial fracture. Journal of bone and mineral research 1994;9:423-9.135.Schoenau E, Frost HM. The "muscle-bone unit" in children and adolescents. Calcified tissue international 2002;70:405-7.136.Daly RM, Saxon L, Turner CH, Robling AG, Bass SL. The relationship between muscle size and bone geometry during growth and in response to exercise. Bone 2004;34:281-7.137.Baxter-Jones AD, Eisenmann JC, Mirwald RL, Faulkner RA, Bailey DA. The influence of physical activity on lean mass accrual during adolescence: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of applied physiology 2008;105:734-41.138.Daly RM, Bass SL. Lifetime sport and leisure activity participation is associated with greater bone size, quality and strength in older men. Osteoporosis international 2006;17:1258-67.139.Nilsson A, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, et al. Between- and within-day variability in physical activity and inactivity in 9- and 15-year-old European children. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2009;19:10-8.140.Marini M. The Exercised Skeletal Muscle: A review. . European Translational Myology - Myology reviews 2010.141.Garcia-Pallares J, Izquierdo M. Strategies to optimize concurrent training of strength and aerobic fitness for rowing and canoeing. Sports medicine 2011;41:329-43.142.Holloszy JO, Coyle EF. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology 1984;56:831-8.143.Jones TE, Baar K, Ojuka E, Chen M, Holloszy JO. Exercise induces an increase in muscle UCP3 as a component of the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. American journal of physiology Endocrinology and metabolism 2003;284:E96-101.144.Rogol AD, Clark PA, Roemmich JN. Growth and pubertal development in children and adolescents: effects of diet and physical activity. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2000;72:521S-8S.145.Hogler W, Blimkie CJ, Cowell CT, et al. Sex-specific developmental changes in muscle size and bone geometry at the femoral shaft. Bone 2008;42:982-9.146.Behringer M, Vom Heede A, Yue Z, Mester J. Effects of resistance training in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2010;126:e1199-210.147.Neeper SA, Gomez-Pinilla F, Choi J, Cotman C. Exercise and brain neurotrophins. Nature 1995;373:109.148.Swain RA, Harris AB, Wiener EC, et al. Prolonged exercise induces angiogenesis and increases cerebral blood volume in primary motor cortex of the rat. Neuroscience 2003;117:1037-46.149.Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, et al. Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2006;61:1166-70.150.Winter B, Breitenstein C, Mooren FC, et al. High impact running improves learning. Neurobiology of learning and memory 2007;87:597-609.151.Cratty B. Coordination Problems Among Learning Disabled, In B. Cratty & R. Goldman (Eds.). Learning Disabilities, Contemporary Viewpoints Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers 1997.152.Gjesing G. Kropumulige Unger. . K?penhamn: DHLs f?rlag 1997.153.Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF. Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature reviews Neuroscience 2008;9:58-65.154.Pontifex MB, Scudder MR, Drollette ES, Hillman CH. Fit and vigilant: the relationship between poorer aerobic fitness and failures in sustained attention during preadolescence. Neuropsychology 2012;26:407-13.155.Singh A, Uijtdewilligen L, Twisk JW, van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJ. Physical activity and performance at school: a systematic review of the literature including a methodological quality assessment. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2012;166:49-55.156.Rasberry CN, Lee SM, Robin L, et al. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance: a systematic review of the literature. Preventive medicine 2011;52 Suppl 1:S10-20.157.Donnelly JE, Lambourne K. Classroom-based physical activity, cognition, and academic achievement. Preventive medicine 2011;52 Suppl 1:S36-42.158.Hobart JA, Smucker DR. The female athlete triad. American family physician 2000;61:3357-64, 67.159.Dencker M, Thorsson O, Karlsson MK, et al. Daily physical activity related to body fat in children aged 8-11 years. The Journal of pediatrics 2006;149:38-42.160.Dencker M, Thorsson O, Linden C, Wollmer P, Andersen LB, Karlsson MK. BMI and objectively measured body fat and body fat distribution in prepubertal children. Clinical physiology and functional imaging 2007;27:12-6.161.Gustafsson P, Thernlund G, Besjakov J, Karlsson MK, Ericsson I, Svedin CG. ADHD symptoms and maturity--a study in primary school children. Acta paediatrica 2008;97:233-8.162.Jonsson B, Gardsell P, Johnell O, Redlund-Johnell I, Sernbo I. Remembering fractures: fracture registration and proband recall in southern Sweden. Journal of epidemiology and community health 1994;48:489-90.163.Clark BJ, Hamilton DA, Whishaw IQ. Motor activity (exploration) and formation of home bases in mice (C57BL/6) influenced by visual and tactile cues: modification of movement distribution, distance, location, and speed. Physiology & behavior 2006;87:805-16.164.Linden C, Ahlborg HG, Besjakov J, Gardsell P, Karlsson MK. A school curriculum-based exercise program increases bone mineral accrual and bone size in prepubertal girls: two-year data from the pediatric osteoporosis prevention (POP) study. Journal of bone and mineral research 2006;21:829-35.165.Linden C, Alwis G, Ahlborg H, et al. Exercise, bone mass and bone size in prepubertal boys: one-year data from the pediatric osteoporosis prevention study. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2007;17:340-7.166.Duke PM, Litt IF, Gross RT. Adolescents' self-assessment of sexual maturation. Pediatrics 1980;66:918-20.167.Schoenau E, Neu CM, Rauch F, Manz F. The development of bone strength at the proximal radius during childhood and adolescence. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2001;86:613-8.168.Fritz J, Duckham RL, Rantalainen T, Rosengren BE, Karlsson MK, Daly RM. Influence of a School-based Physical Activity Intervention on Cortical Bone Mass Distribution: A 7-year Intervention Study. Calcified tissue international 2016;99:443-53.169.Swedish National Agency for Education. siris.skolverket.se2009.pston J, Bowring C, Cooper A, et al. Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men in the UK: National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) update 2013. Maturitas 2013;75:392-6.171.Kling JM, Clarke BL, Sandhu NP. Osteoporosis prevention, screening, and treatment: a review. Journal of women's health 2014;23:563-72.172.Lanyon LE. Functional strain as a determinant for bone remodeling. Calcified tissue international 1984;36 Suppl 1:S56-61.173.Geusens P. Bisphosphonates for postmenopausal osteoporosis: determining duration of treatment. Current osteoporosis reports 2009;7:12-7.174.Mulder JE, Kolatkar NS, LeBoff MS. Drug insight: Existing and emerging therapies for osteoporosis. Nature clinical practice Endocrinology & metabolism 2006;2:670-80.175.Detter F, Rosengren BE, Dencker M, Lorentzon M, Nilsson JA, Karlsson MK. A Six-Year Exercise Program Improves Skeletal Traits without Affecting Fracture Risk - a Prospective Controlled Study in 2621 Children. Journal of bone and mineral research 2014.eit M, Rosengren BE, Nilsson JA, Ahlborg HG, Karlsson MK. Bone mass following physical activity in young years: a mean 39-year prospective controlled study in men. Osteoporosis international 2013;24:1389-97.177.Erlandson MC, Kontulainen SA, Chilibeck PD, Arnold CM, Faulkner RA, Baxter-Jones AD. Higher premenarcheal bone mass in elite gymnasts is maintained into young adulthood after long-term retirement from sport: a 14-year follow-up. Journal of bone and mineral research 2012;27:104-10.178.Loro ML, Sayre J, Roe TF, Goran MI, Kaufman FR, Gilsanz V. Early identification of children predisposed to low peak bone mass and osteoporosis later in life. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2000;85:3908-18.179.Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Kappa Delta Award paper. Osteoregulatory nature of mechanical stimuli: function as a determinant for adaptive remodeling in bone. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 1987;5:300-10.180.Frost HM, Ferretti JL, Jee WS. Perspectives: some roles of mechanical usage, muscle strength, and the mechanostat in skeletal physiology, disease, and research. Calcified tissue international 1998;62:1-7.181.Melton LJ, 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Wahner HW, Riggs BL. Long-term fracture prediction by bone mineral assessed at different skeletal sites. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 1993;8:1227-33.182.Goulding A, Grant AM, Williams SM. Bone and body composition of children and adolescents with repeated forearm fractures. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2005;20:2090-6.183.Yau DT, Chung RC, Pang MY. Knee muscle strength and visual acuity are the most important modifiable predictors of falls in patients after hip fracture surgery: a prospective study. Calcified tissue international 2013;92:287-95.184.Tan VP, Macdonald HM, Kim S, et al. Influence of physical activity on bone strength in children and adolescents: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Journal of bone and mineral research 2014;29:2161-81.185.Macdonald HM, Kontulainen SA, Khan KM, McKay HA. Is a school-based physical activity intervention effective for increasing tibial bone strength in boys and girls? Journal of bone and mineral research 2007;22:434-46.186.Macdonald HM, Cooper DM, McKay HA. Anterior-posterior bending strength at the tibial shaft increases with physical activity in boys: evidence for non-uniform geometric adaptation. Osteoporosis international 2009;20:61-70.187.Bradney M, Pearce G, Naughton G, et al. Moderate exercise during growth in prepubertal boys: changes in bone mass, size, volumetric density, and bone strength: a controlled prospective study. Journal of bone and mineral research 1998;13:1814-21.188.Anliker E, Dick C, Rawer R, Toigo M. Effects of jumping exercise on maximum ground reaction force and bone in 8- to 12-year-old boys and girls: a 9-month randomized controlled trial. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions 2012;12:56-67.189.Daly RM, Ducher G, Hill B, et al. Effects of a Specialist-Led, School Physical Education Program on Bone Mass, Structure, and Strength in Primary School Children: A 4-Year Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of bone and mineral research 2016;31:289-98.190.Duckham RL, Rantalainen T, Ducher G, et al. Effects of Habitual Physical Activity and Fitness on Tibial Cortical Bone Mass, Structure and Mass Distribution in Pre-pubertal Boys and Girls: The Look Study. Calcified tissue international 2016.191.Rantalainen T, Nikander R, Daly RM, Heinonen A, Sievanen H. Exercise loading and cortical bone distribution at the tibial shaft. Bone 2011;48:786-91.192.Peterman MM, Hamel AJ, Cavanagh PR, Piazza SJ, Sharkey NA. In vitro modeling of human tibial strains during exercise in micro-gravity. Journal of biomechanics 2001;34:693-8.193.Cummings SR, Marcus R, Palermo L, Ensrud KE, Genant HK. Does estimating volumetric bone density of the femoral neck improve the prediction of hip fracture? A prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Journal of bone and mineral research 1994;9:1429-32.194.Goran MI, Gower BA, Nagy TR, Johnson RK. Developmental changes in energy expenditure and physical activity in children: evidence for a decline in physical activity in girls before puberty. Pediatrics 1998;101:887-91.195.Ericsson I, Karlsson MK. Motor skills and school performance in children with daily physical education in school--a 9-year intervention study. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2014;24:273-8.196.Aberg MA, Pedersen NL, Toren K, et al. Cardiovascular fitness is associated with cognition in young adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009;106:20906-11.197.Kall LB, Nilsson M, Linden T. The impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic achievement in a Swedish elementary school setting. The Journal of school health 2014;84:473-80.198.Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Lee SM, et al. Physical education and academic achievement in elementary school: data from the early childhood longitudinal study. American journal of public health 2008;98:721-7.199.Po ALW. Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine. Radcliffe Publishing, ISBN 978-1-85775-305-9 1998:20.200.Coe DP, Pivarnik JM, Womack CJ, Reeves MJ, Malina RM. Effect of physical education and activity levels on academic achievement in children. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2006;38:1515-9.201.Schneider S, Vogt T, Frysch J, Guardiera P, Struder HK. School sport--a neurophysiological approach. Neuroscience letters 2009;467:131-4. ................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.