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ART I midterm study guide

1. ELEMENTS OF ART/DESIGN

a. Line- A line is the distance between two points in art. There are two types of line:

1. Organic

2. Geometric

A line can be actual (ex: a line drawn with a pencil), or line can be implied (ex: the edge of a shape creates a line that separates that shape from another). Line can be 2D (pencil on paper, for example) or a line can be 3D (a piece of wire, for example)

b. Shape- When a line crosses over itself and encloses an area, or when two or more lines work together to enclose an area, a shape is made. There are two types of shape:

1. Organic

2. Geometric

The 3D version of Shape is FORM.

Form is not its own Element of Art, but is instead a variation on SHAPE.

c. Space- Space is the area around, between, or inside parts of an artwork.

There are two types of space:

1. Positive Space is the area that an artwork occupies.

2. Negative Space is the emptiness that surrounds positive space.

d. Color- Color is the visible spectrum of light. Color has three aspects, or qualities:

1. Hue- Hue is the name of the color.

2. Value- Value is the relative lightness or darkness of a color.

3. Intensity- Intensity is the brightness, or saturation, of a color.

e. Value- Value is the relative lightness of darkness of a color.

It allows artists to create the illusion of depth in a 2-D image.

It is both an aspect of Color and its own Element of Art.

f. Texture- Texture is the surface quality of an object. There re two types of texture

1. Actual- The real texture of an object.

2. Implied- The apparent texture of an object.

2. PRINCIPLES OF ART/DESIGN

g. Rhythm- Rhythm is when an element, or multiple elements, is repeated in a work of art.

h. Balance- Balance is a way of achieving equilibrium in a work of art.

There are 2 types of balance:

i. Symmetry

ii. Asymmetry

i. Unity- Unity combines the principles of design and the physical aspects of an artwork to create a single, harmonious work.

j. Emphasis- Emphasis is a way of developing the main theme in a work of art. It is the focal point of an artwork.

k. Proportion- Proportion is the relative size, or quantity, of any two or more Elements in a work of art.

2. PERSPECTIVE

a. One Point Perspective- Any perspective image that uses one vanishing point.

b. Two Point Perspective- Any perspective image that uses two vanishing points.

c. Orthogonal Lines- An orthogonal line is any line in a perspective image that points to the vanishing point.

d. Transversal Lines- A transversal line is any vertical line in a perspective image.

e. Horizon Line- A horizon line is the horizontal line in a perspective image that a vanishing point rests on.

f. Vanishing Point- A vanishing point is any point in a perspective image that the orthogonal lines point to.

4. COLOR

a. Hue, Value, Intensity (see above)

b. Color Wheel

1. Primary Colors- A primary color is any color on the color wheel that cannot be made by combining other colors. They are the colors from which all other colors on the color

wheel are made. EX- red, yellow, blue

2. Secondary Colors- A secondary color is any color on the color wheel that is made by combining equal amounts of two primary colors. EX- orange, green, purple

3. Tertiary Colors- A tertiary color is any color on the color wheel that is not a primary of secondary color. EX- yellow-green, red-purple, etc...

4. Complementary Color Scheme- A complementary color scheme is any two colors that are directly across the color wheel from one another. EX- red and green, blue and orange, yellow and purple. A Complementary Color Scheme is always made up of only two colors.

5. Warm/Cool colors: Cool colors are any color that contains any amount of blue, such as blue, green, purple, blue-green, blue-purple, yellow-green, and more. Warm colors are any color that does not contain any blue at all, such as red, orange, yellow, yellow-orange, red-orange, and more. In a work of art, warm colors appear to come towards the viewer, while cool colors appear to move away from the viewer.

6. Tint/Shade/Tone: Adding WHITE to any color makes a TINT. Adding BLACK to any color makes a SHADE. Adding GRAY to any color makes a TONE.

*You should be able to define, identify, and create examples of any Element of Art or Principle of Design.

*You should be able to create a basic example of both 1-point and 2-point perspective (a simple box- above, on and below the horizon line). You should also be able to identify and define the four vocabulary words for Perspective.

*You should be able to identify and/or create examples of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary colors.

*You should be able to identify and/or create examples of Complementary colors and warm/cool colors.

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