Warm-Up Introduction to Genetics - Edgenuity Inc.

Warm-Up Introduction to Genetics

Lesson Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: ? Explain the importance of genetics. ? Describe the role of information.

Science Practice: Give examples of how experimental methods.

to the field of in transmitting genetic

lead to new

W2K

Words to Know

Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to

help you.

allele

the gene

for each variation of a trait

dominant

a word describing a masks a recessive trait

trait of an organism that

F1 generation

the experiments

of the P generation in Mendel's

F2 generation

the offspring of the experiments

generation in Mendel's

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Warm-Up Introduction to Genetics

W2K

Words to Know

genetics

the study of

in organisms

heredity

the process of

traits from parents to offspring

P generation the

generation in Mendel's experiments

recessive

a word describing a hidden

of an organism that is

by a dominant trait

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Instruction Introduction to Genetics

Slide

1

Lesson

Question

2

Gregor Mendel (1822?1884)

PROFILE

Gregor Mendel was an

monk who studied heredity.

? His discoveries formed the basis of the field of genetics.

: The process of passing traits from parents to offspring

: The study of heredity in organisms

The Traits Mendel Studied

Mendel examined seven different traits in pea plants.

Plant height

Tall

Flower color

White

Flower position

End of stem

Middle of stem

Pod color

Yellow

Pod shape Seed color

Inflated

Green

Seed shape

Smooth

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Instruction Introduction to Genetics

Slide

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Mendel's Experiments

Fill in the results of Mendel's experiments.

Purple flowers White flowers

flowers

Purple flowers flowers

: In Mendel's experiments, the parental generation

: In Mendel's experiments, the offspring of the P generation

: In Mendel's experiments, the offspring of the F1 generation

Mendel's Results

The table shows the numerical results of Mendel's experiments for the F2 generations. The last column shows the ratios of characteristics.

Plant height

tall

277 short

2.84 : 1

Flower color

705 purple

white 3.15 : 1

Flower position

middle of stem 207 end of stem

3.14 : 1

Pod color

428 green

yellow 2.82 : 1

Pod shape

inflated

299 constricted

2.95 : 1

Seed color

6,022 yellow

green 3.01 : 1

Seed shape

smooth

1,850 wrinkled

2.96 : 1

The ratio of the traits in the F2 generation is

:

.

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Instruction Introduction to Genetics

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Mendel's Hypotheses

Based on his results, Mendel developed four

:

1. For each

trait, there are two copies of the gene that

codes for that trait. One copy comes from each

.

2. There are ?

versions of a gene, called alleles.

: The gene form for each

of a trait

3. When two

alleles for a gene occur together, one of

the alleles may be expressed while the other is hidden. The allele that is

expressed is called "dominant." The allele that is

is

called "recessive."

?

: The

trait of an organism

that masks the recessive trait

?

: The

trait of an organism

that is masked by the dominant trait

4. When gametes are formed, the alleles for a gene separate

of each other. As a result, each gamete carries

only

allele for the gene.

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