DNA Lab



Name: ____________________________________ Date: ___________ Block: ___________Basic DNA and Protein Synthesis Formative AssessmentPart 1: DNA Structure and Replication What three parts make up a nucleotide? _________________________________________ Where in eukaryotic cells is DNA found? _________________________________________Where in prokaryotic cells is DNA found? ________________________________________What is the significance of base pairing? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What makes up the "backbone" of the DNA molecule? ______________________________What part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the genetic code? _____________________What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________Which nitrogen bases are purines? _____________________________________________Which nitrogen bases are pyrimidines? __________________________________________On DNA, a purine will always pair with a ________________________________________What type of bonds holds the DNA bases together? ________________________________How many hydrogen bonds link cytosine & guanine? _______ Adenine & thymine? _______List the enzymes involved in DNA replication? ____________________________________Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________When and why does DNA need to replicate? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DNA polymerase III synthesizes DNA by adding a nucleotide to the ______’ end of a pre-existing chain of nucleotides. What are Okazaki fragments? Why do they form? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Complete the following strand of DNA by placing the letter of the correct nitrogenous base on the line provided5’?C?C?A?G?T?A?G?T?T?3’?????????????????????Part 2: Protein SynthesisWhat does the cell receive that tells it that a protein needs to be made? ________________What portion of the DNA codes for the protein? _______________________Where is the DNA found in a eukaryotic cell? _________________________What enzyme moves along the template strand of DNA to make mRNA? ___________________________Messenger RNA will form the following strand off of the template DNA: DNA T – A – C – A – G – G – C – C – A –T –A – A – C – G – A – A – C – T mRNA__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __How does the DNA code leave the nucleus? ______________________What three units come together at the ribosome to begin translation? __________________, ___________________, and __________________How many bases are read at a time? ________What is this code from the mRNA called? __________________Identify the six amino acids that are being coded for by the mRNA strand above: ________ - _________ - _________ - _________ - _________ - ________What is the name for the part of the tRNA that carries the three bases? _________________How is the answer to # 9 related to the answer to #11? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________What type of bond links the amino acids together? ________________________Name three combinations of mRNA code that will stop translation ______, ______, ______What is formed when the entire message is read and the amino acids are linked together? _________________________________________________________________________What happens to the amino acid chain as it is released from the ribosome complex? _________________________________________________________________________What is true of both the mRNA nucleotides and tRNA after the protein is made? _________________________________________________________________________Where is mRNA made? ____________________________Where is tRNA typically found? _____________________________Where is rRNA found? _____________________________ ................
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