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DNA and RNA FlashcardsQ: What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?A: DNA and RNAQ: What are Nucleotides?A: The monomer of Nucleic AcidsQ: What’s the function of DNA?A: Controls the production of every protein a cell Q: What 3 processes make proteins? A: DNA Replication, Transcription, TranslationQ: What are the three parts of a nucleotide? A: Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen baseQ: What is the sugar for DNA? A: DeoxyriboseQ: what is the sugar for RNA? A: RiboseQ: What makes up a chromosome? A: DNA wrapped around proteins called histonesQ: What nitrogen bases are found in DNA? A: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, GuanineQ: What nitrogen bases are found in RNA? A: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, UracilQ: Which scientist(s) worked with rough and smooth bacteria transformation?A: Fredrick Griffith Which scientist(s) continued Griffith work by working with DNA and protein destroying enzymes? A: Oswald AveryWhich scientist(s) worked with radioactive label and bacteriophages to prove the DNA was the genetic material? A: Alfred Hershey and Martha ChaseQ: Which scientist(s) created the base pairing rules? A: Erwin ChargaffQ: Which scientist(s) used X-Ray diffraction to take pictures of DNA? A: Rosalind FranklinQ: Who discovered the structure of DNA, called it a double helix? A: James Watson and Francis CrickQ: What is DNA Replication?A: Process in which DNA makes a copy of itselfQ: Where and when does DNA Replication take place?A: In the nucleus during the S phase of InterphaseQ: What is DNA Helicase?A: Enzyme that unzips DNA by breaking the hydrogen bond between the nitrogen basesQ: What is DNA PolymeraseA: Enzyme that rebuilds DNA during DNA replicationQ: What are the three types of RNA? A: mRNA, tRNA, rRNAQ: What is mRNA- real name & function?A: Messenger RNA, carries the blueprint for making proteinsQ: What is tRNA- real name & functionA: Transfer RNA, carries amino acids to the ribosome Q: What is rRNA- real name & functionA: Ribosomal RNA, forms part of the ribosomeQ: What is transcription?A: Process in which the RNA triplets are formed and mRNA receives the instructions to make proteins from DNAQ: Where does Transcription take place? A: In the nucleus Q: What is RNA Polymerase?A: Enzyme that builds a mRNA strand during TranscriptionQ: What is the Promoter Region? A: region on DNA that tells RNA polymerase where to bind to make RNAQ: What is Translation?A: Process in which mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are used to make proteinsQ: Where does Translation take place?A: In the cytoplasm on a ribosomeQ: What is a Codon? A: 3 nitrogen bases found on mRNA, complementary to anticodons on tRNAQ: What are Anticodons? A: 3 nitrogen bases found on tRNAQ: What is the Start codon and what does it do?A: AUG, tells tRNA when to start translating on mRNAQ: What are the Stop Codons and what do they do?A: UAA, UAG, & UGA, tells tRNA when to stop translating on mRNAQ: What is Mutation?A: a mistake in DNA sequencingQ: What is a Point mutation?A: mutations that only affect one nucleotideQ: What are Frame shift mutations? A: mutations that shift the “reading” frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotideQ: What is a Chromosomal Mutation?A: DNA change in the number or structure of chromosomesQ: What is Duplication?A: a segment of the chromosome is repeatedQ: What is Deletion?A: Segment of the chromosome is missingQ: What is Inversion?A: Part of the chromosome becomes oriented in the reverse of its usual directionQ: What is Translocation?A: When part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosomeQ: What is DNA’s nickname?A: Big DaddyQ: What is mRNA’s nickname? A: Little MommaQ: What is tRNA’s nickname? A: TyroneQ: What is rRNA’s nickname? A: Ramada InnQ: What is mRNA’s nickname? A: Little MommaQ: What are Introns? A: Junk DNA, removed from mRNA before it leaves the nucleus Q: What are Exons? A: Expressed DNA, is spliced together and leaves the nucleus to be used to make proteinsQ: What are the Base Pairing Rules? A: Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine ................
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