HEP5005 Semester 1 1819

?ST MARY’S UNIVERSITY TWICKENHAM, LONDONBSc Degree Examination students registered forLevel FIVETitle:Aetiology of Chronic DiseaseCode:HEP5005Semester: ONEDate:January 7th 2019Time: 1:30 – 3:30PMTIME ALLOWED: TWO HOURSThis paper is in TWO Sections.SECTION A:Answer ALL multiple choice questionsSECTION B:Answer FIVE questions.Answer Section A questions on THIS paper – circle your answer for each of the questionsRegnum:SECTION AMultiple Choice. Answer ALL questions: (30 marks)The human body has a set point in order to maintain stable weight. Which hormone is central to governing the set point and is produced by white adipose tissue?LeptinGhrelinPeptide YYPancreatic polypeptideHunger is signalled by:Gastric contractions only Ghrelin only Ghrelin after a mealGastric contractions and ghrelinThe Body Mass Index of an obese individual is defined as:<30 kg/m?>25 kg/m?>30kg/m?>28.3 kg/m?Plaques and atherosclerosis are best defined as;Fatty deposits and clotsFatty deposits and thickening and hardening of the blood vessels.Clots and thickening and hardening of the blood vesselsHardening of the arteries and bleedingWhich of the following statements apply to Type 1 Diabetes? Pancreatic beta cells are destroyed resulting in inability to produce insulinGenerally occurs later in the lifespan of humansIndividuals are usually overweightIs caused by lifestyle factorsWhich of the following best describes the terms ‘leptin resistance’ and ‘insulin resistance’?The body’s inability to produce leptin only The body’s inability to produce insulin only The body’s inability to recognise and respond to the presence of both leptin and insulin.The body’s inability to produce both leptin and insulinHypertension is normally considered as;Systolic pressure ≥140mmHg Diastolic pressure ≤70mmHgSystolic pressure ≥140mmHg Diastolic pressure ≥90mmHgSystolic pressure ≥140mmHg Diastolic pressure ≥70mmHgSystolic pressure ≥140mmHg Diastolic pressure ≤90mmHgWhich of the following is the correct definition for cardiovascular disease?Blood vessels irregularity and diseasesA group of disorders of the heart and lungsA group of disorders of heart and kidneyA group of disorders of the heart and blood vesselsPeripheral arterial disease is; A group of diseases of the blood vessels supplying the legs and armsA group of diseases of the blood vessels supplying the brainA group of diseases of the blood vessels and heartA group of diseases of the blood vessels supplying the heart onlyWhich of the following best summarises those factors which have been shown to contribute to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?Low birth weight only Dental hygiene and allergiesIncreased BMI, smokingLow birth weight, poor dental hygiene, allergies, increased BMI, smoking.In the fasting plasma glucose test what is the level of glucose which indicates that a patient is diabetic?≥7.0 mmol/l≥ 11.0 mmol/l≤7.0 mmol/l= 6mmol/Which of the following statements does not apply to the functioning of insulin?Insulin is a peptide hormone released when blood glucose rises above5mmol/lInsulin converts liver stored glycogen into glucose Insulin is released in response to amino acids in the bloodElevated fatty acids in the blood stream impair insulin secretionWhich of the following best represents the most comprehensive list of triggers for asthma attacks?House dust mites, pollution, animal fur, exercise, tobacco smoke, cold air and chest infectionsExercise and tobacco smoke Cold air and chest infections, anxiety Animal fur, chest infections.Which value of glomerular filtration rates (GFR) is used to confirm a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease?≤80ml/min≤60ml/min≥60ml/min≥75ml/minThe two main causes of Chronic Kidney Disease are:Diabetes and hypertensionSmoking and alcoholDehydration and exercisePhysical injuryThe first sign of diabetic chronic kidney disease is: Protein in the urineGlucose in the urine Blood in the urineSalt in the urineOsteoporosis defined as:A disease that causes blocked poresA disease that causes brittle bones A disease that causes bones to become disjointed A disease that causes shorter bones Osteoarthritis caused by obesity or injury is called: Primary OsteoarthritisRheumatoid OsteoarthritisAcute OsteoarthritisSecondary OsteoarthritisDeficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the body is associated with:Multiple Sclerosis ArthritisOsteoporosis Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinsons disease results in patients:Being unable to control their movementsBlindnessPoor balancePoor concentrationThe primary risk factors considered to contribute to the development of cancer include:Age onlyAge and ultraviolet light onlyCigarette smoke and age onlyCigarette smoke, age and ultraviolet lightWhat are the main causes of Metabolic Syndrome?Diet and lack of exercise Smoking and stress hormonesGenetics and environment All of the aboveWhich of the following factors increase the risk of developing to Multiple Sclerosis?Caucasian ethnicityVirusesTemperate climateAll of the aboveMulitple Sclerosis is the result of:Autoimmune destruction of the myelin sheathLoss of neurotransmittersEpileptic spasmsInflammation of the jointsWhat does the term microvascular damage mean?Damage to muscleDamage to ligamentsDamage caused by insulin in blood vessels Damage to membrane of small blood vesselsMetastasis is:The growth of cancer cellsThe name given to benign tumoursThe rapid growth of and invasion by cancer cellsThe movement of small groups of cancer cells to another part of the body, via the bloodstreamWhich of the following provide the greatest risk for someone developing chronic conditions such as diabetes?High levels of visceral white adipose tissueHigh levels of subcutaneous white adipose tissueHigh levels of visceral brown fatHigh levels of subcutaneous brown fatWhich one of the following statements is true?Leptin production increases with reduction of adipose tissueInsulin is responsible for control of blood lipid levelsThe hypothalamus is the part of the brain which monitors the energy status of the human bodySatiety signals enhance the desire to eatA diet high in saturated fat affect blood lipids in which of the following ways?↑ Total cholesterol, ↑ LDL, ↓ HDL, ↑Triglycerides ↑ Total cholesterol, ↓LDL, ↓ HDL, ↑Triglycerides ↑ Total cholesterol, ↑LDL, ↓ HDL, ↓Triglycerides ↑ Total cholesterol, ↑LDL, ↑ HDL, ↑Triglycerides The excretory function of the kidney controls:Water content/ volume of the bodyAcid –base balance in the bodyOsmotic pressure in the bodyAll of the aboveSECTION BShort answer questions. Answer FIVE questions. Total marks available 70 (14 marks per question). Each answer should include;Definition/explanation of the condition - 4 marksAnswering the question - 8 marksResearch to support answer - 2 marksWrite your answers to Section B in the examination booklet providedDefine the terms:cardiovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease (4 marks)Discuss the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. (8 marks)Include reference to some research evidence. (2marks) Give the definition of the terms ‘obesity ‘and ‘overweight’. Include reference to Body Mass Index (BMI) in your answer. (4 marks) Explain the effects of obesity on health. (8marks) Include reference to some research evidence. (2marks)Define the term Chronic Kidney Disease. (4 marks). Discuss its causes and health implications. (8 marks) Include reference to some research evidence. (2 marks)Outline the condition of Parkinson’s disease. (4 marks)Explain the pathology of the condition. (8 marks) Include reference to some research evidence. (2marks)Give a definition of the term cancer. (4 marks) Discuss the link between poverty and developing cancer. (8 marks) Include reference to some research evidence. (2marks)Give a brief explanation of the condition of diabetes 2 (non-insulin dependent diabetes. (4 marks) Describe the main causes of and impact on health of diabetes 2. (8 marks) Include reference to some research evidence. (2marks)Define and explain the condition of osteoporosis. (4 marks). Discuss the main risk factors that can contribute to the development of this disease. (8marks) Include reference to some research evidence. (2marks) END OF EXAMINATION ................
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