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Earth Science Topic #10 (Climate) Study Guide***Lesson #1 Things to Know: ClimateFactors that affect climate: (Latitude/Altitude/distance from large bodies of water/global prevailing winds and ocean currents) What direction do latitude lines go? What direction do longitude lines go?What are the Temperature Zones? Hint: there are 3 zones! What is Altitude? Water heats up and cools down much SLOWER than land does. Ocean Currents: Which direction does warm water travel? Which direction does cold water travel?What are global prevailing winds? How do prevailing winds develop? What are the 3 types of prevailing winds? What is a Monsoon? What is the “climate” like in a rainforest? How would you describe the “weather” in a rainforest? What is the main difference between weather and climate?***Lesson #2 Things to Know: Greenhouse GasGreenhouse Gasses include: (Carbon Dioxide & Methane) Greenhouse effectClimate changeGlobal WarmingFossil Fuels What are some natural factors that affect climate change? What would happen to earth if there were less exposure to solar radiation? What are the ways in which humans contribute to global warming? ***Lesson #3 Things to Know: Cascade effect Alternative energy What must a scientist do to support their arguments or claims? In which 2 ways can a living organism respond to a changing climate? How might living organisms adapt to a changing climate? How will continued changes in extreme weather affect plants, people, and animals? How do alternative energy sources compare to fossil fuels? In what way can the government play a role in climate change? ***Practice Questions Below: 1) Leo has been learning about wind, clouds, temperature, and precipitation in school. What is the name for the long-term temperature, wind, clouds, and precipitation patterns in an area?A.weatherB.condensationC.climateD.air masses2) On her way to school Tuesday morning, Ana got soaking wet during a surprise rainstorm. She was not carrying an umbrella or rain jacket because the climate in her town was normally very hot and dry. What are the main factors that influence the amount of precipitation in an area or region?A.latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of waterB.latitude, ocean currents, distance from large bodies of waterC.ocean currents, distance from large bodies of water, prevailing windsD.prevailing winds, presence of mountain ranges, seasonal winds3) Jaime knew that altitude influenced the climate because he lived in the Rocky Mountains at a high altitude. Altitude is a more important factor in climate than latitude in mountainous areas. What relationship exists between altitude and other climate factors?A.An increase in altitude results in higher levels of precipitation.B.An increase in altitude results in an increase in air pressure.C.An increase in altitude results in a decrease in temperature.D.An increase in altitude results in a lessening of wind speed.***Use the information below to answer questions 4 and 5.Jackson lives near the ocean at sea level. In his state, the winters are mild and the summers are cool. This climate is influenced by water currents along his coast that are generally cold and moving toward the equator.Write the letters of the correct answers on the lines at left.4) What climate zone does Jackson live in?A.polarB.temperate marineC.tropical rainyD.dry5) How does Earth’s tilt affect Jackson’s temperature zone and its climate? Choose the two that apply.A.In spring, the sun's rays strike the temperature zone directly, making the temperatures warmer.B.In autumn, the sun's rays strike the temperature zone at the lowest angle, making the temperature more mild.C.In summer, the sun's rays strike the temperature zone directly, making the temperatures warmer.D.In winter, the sun's rays strike the temperature zone at a lower angle, making the temperatures cooler.6) Mia looked at a graph showing average global temperatures. She noticed that the average temperatures have risen abruptly over the past several decades. This indicates that global warming is occurring at a fast rate. What additional pieces of evidence do scientists use to support the idea that global warming is happening? A.the amount of greenhouse gases leaving the atmosphere and increases in amounts of sea iceB.ocean temperature changes, greenhouse gas concentrations, and harmful emissions reductionsC.greenhouse gas concentrations, decreases in amounts of sea ice, and increases in sea levelsD.the greenhouse effect and reductions in sea levels7) Abby did not enjoy the hot summer this year, and she was concerned that Earth’s atmosphere is growing warmer. She knows that certain gases trap heat, but she realizes that a certain amount of heat is necessary. What would happen on Earth if there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? A.The atmosphere would remain the same.B.The atmosphere would cool and would not support life.C.The atmosphere would warm and would not support life.D.The atmosphere would collect more greenhouse gases to support life.8) Oscar’s family recently put solar panels on their roof to cut down on their use of electricity from the power company. How will alternative energy sources affect Earth’s atmosphere? A.They will increase levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.B.They will reduce levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C.They will increase the use of fossil fuels for economic reasons.D.They will reduce the amount of energy we consume.***Use the information below to answer questions 3 and 4.Dakota lives in New Orleans. He knows that scientists have predicted some changes on Earth due to global warming, and he is concerned this will affect his city. Write the letters of the correct answers on the lines at left.9) What effects are scientists concerned about in relation to global warming? Choose the two that apply.A.decreases in temperaturesB.increase in melting of sea iceC.decreasing sea levelsD.decreases of greenhouse gas concentrationsE.increase in carbon dioxide from melting permafrost10) If the climate warmed, which of the following would be caused by rising temperatures?A.a decrease in the amount of flooding in coastal areasB.an increase in the amount of solar energy that gets reflectedC.an increase in sea levelsD.a decrease in sea level ................
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