Drdmedsearch.com
BASIC PHARMACOLOGY NOTES FOR THE PHARMACY TECHNICIAN
COURSE DATA SHEET I
1. Which of the following would not increase the blood pressure ?
a). STIMULANTS b). EXERCISE c). REST d). STRESS
[ REST ]
2. A patient urinates 10 ounces of urine. How would you record this ?
[ 10 oz. X 30 ml/oz = 300 ml.] [ 1 oz = 30 ml ]
3. A drug that can be purchased without a doctor's prescription is ?
[ ASPIRIN (ACETYLSALACYLIC ACID) ]
4. A drug used to induce perspiration is called ? [ DIAPHORETIC ]
5. A drug used to relieve pain is called ? [ ANALGESIC ]
6. Which of the following methods is the recommended technique to use when
administering intramuscular (I.M.) medications that may be irritating to
the skin or subcutaneous tissues ? [ Z-TRACK METHOD ]
a). INTRADERMAL METHOD b). SUBCU METHOD c). PARENTERAL METHOD
d). Z TRACT METHOD e). DELTOID METHOD d). GLUTEAL METHOD
7. What is the name of the nerve that one should attempt to avoid when admin-
istering I.M. medication to the Deltoid (upper arm) region ?
[ BRACHIAL NERVE ]
8. What is the name of the nerve that one should attempt to avoid when admin-
istering I.M. medication to the Gluteal (buttocks) region ? [SCIATIC NERVE]
9. Which injection site is "best" recommended for infants ? [VASTUS LATERALIS]
10. The following are routes used when administering a medication by way of
Mucous Membrane absorption ?
a). SUBLINGUAL c). VAGINAL e). OPTHALMIC
b). RECTAL d). NASAL f). BUCCAL
11. A liquid oral dosage form which serves as a vehicle in medicinal prepara-
tions is made of a solution of sugar and water for flavoring and is com-
monly found in non-alcoholic cough medications are called: [ SYRUPS ]
12. The name of the agent that increases or hastens bowel evacuation (defeca-
tion) and commonly called a laxative or purgative ? [ CATHARTIC ]
13. What is the name of a small hermetically sealed glass flask usually con-
taining a single dose of medication in liquid form but has an extended
neck with a weak point that is broken just before use ? [ AMPULE ]
14. In what direction should the bevel of a syringe needle be facing when ad-
ministering medication by the I.V. route or performing phlebotomy ?
[ BEVEL UP ]
15. If there were `back-leakage' of medication through a syringe needle while
you were preparing for an I.M. injection, which components of the syringe
should you first check ? [ CANNULA ]
16. A vial of medication contains 30 cc of a drug. If the usual dosage for
this drug is 0.5 cc, then how many injections at the prescribed dose may
be given from this bottle ? [ 60 INJECTIONS ]
MATH: [ 30 cc / 0.5 cc ] = [ # injections ] = [ # patients ]
** [ IN ADDITION: If you had 540 patients, then how many bottles
would you have to order: 540 / 60 = 9 ]
17. MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS:
a). [ qid ] = four times a day e). [ ad. lib.] = as much as needed
b). [ tid ] = three times a day f). [ qod ] = every other day
c). [ ac ] = before meals g). [ II gtts or 2 gtts ] = two drops
d). [ pc ] = after meals h). [ hs ] = at bedtime
18. According to DEA and FDA, federal drug regulation bureaus, drugs which
have no medicinal use, have a high potential for abuse, examples of which
are LSD, Marijuana and Heroin; for which possession is illegal are ?
a). SCHEDULE I b). SCHEDULE II c). SCHEDULE III d). SCHEDULE IV
[ SCHEDULE I ]
THE FIVE SCHEDULES of controlled substances:
a). SCHEDULE I = Includes substances that have no medicinal use and a high po-
tential for abuse. Possession is illegal. Drugs included in this schedule
are heroin, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), marijuana and peyote.
b). SCHEDULE II = Includes various narcotics such as opium, the opium deriva-
tives (morphine), and the synthetic opium derivatives (synthetic morphine
and methadone); stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines, and the com-
monly abused depressant barbuturates. For these, the physician must have a
special license (DEA #) and the prescription written in Federal Triplicate
Order Forms imprinted with this number. In the medical office they must be
stored under lock and key.
c). SCHEDULE III = Includes the lesser abused combination drugs that contain
limited quantities of codeine, narcotic substances or amphetamine-like sub
stances. The physician must hand write the prescription but the DEA number
is not required.
d). SCHEDULE IV = Includes the minor tranquilizers and hypnotics that have a
lesser potential for abuse. Prescriptions may be handwritten by the medi-
cal assistant under the physician's direction, but the physician must sign
them. Drugs in this schedule include meprobamate (equanil), chlordiazepox-
ide (Librium) diazepam (Valium), flurazepam (Dalmane), chloral hydrate and
the non-narcotic analgesic propoxyphene (Darvon).
e). SCHEDULE V = Includes miscellaneous mixtures containing limited amounts
of narcotic drugs. Prescription orders and re-fills are the same as for
Schedule IV drugs. Examples are most cough medications containing codeine
and some drugs used for gastrointestinal disorders, such as Donnagel and
diphenoxylate (Lomotil).
19. DRUG (MEDICATION) TYPES:
a). ANTIPYRETIC = A drug given to reduce fever.
b). CONTRACEPTIVE, ORAL = A drug that prevents conception;
slang for "the Pill."
c). ANTIHISTAMINE = A drug used to treat allergy symptoms.
d). ANTISPASMODIC = A drug used to relieve on prevent muscular contrac-
tions, spasms, and convulsions.
e). ANTIEMETIC = A drug that relieves vomiting.
f). VACCINE = A suspension of infectious agents or some part of them used
to convey resistance to infectious disease.
g). APPETITE SUPPRESSOR = A drug that controls appetite.
h). ANTICOAGULANT = A drug used to prevent blood clotting.
i). HEMOSTATIC = A drug used to check bleeding.
j). DISINFECTANT = A substance that destroys bacteria on objects, places,
and materials; not used on the living body because of
capacity to destroy living tissue as well.
k). EXPECTORANT = A drug used to increase secretion and aid in expelling
mucus from the respirtory tract, or to modify such sec-
retions.
l). DEPRESSANT = A drug that tends to decrease the activities of the body
parts.
m). PROPHYLACTIC = A drug that prevents the development of a disease, such
as a vaccine, a vitamin, a hormone, or an immunologic
preparation.
n). ASTRINGENT = A substance that produces shrinkage of mucous membranes or
other tissues and decreases secretion.
o). ANTACID = A drug that neutralizes acidity, especially in the digestive
tract.
PART II: Translate the following prescriptions into common English:
A. Tylenol 50 Sig: 2 tabs q4h prn for pain.
__________________________________________________________________
ANSWER = Tylenol Number fifty; Directions: Take two tablets (pills) every four
hours when necessary for pain
B. Darvocet-N 60 Sig: 2 tabs stat then 1 tab q3h prn for pain.
__________________________________________________________________
ANSWER = Darvocet-N Number sixty; Directions: Take two tablets (pills)
immediately, then one tablet every three hours when necessary for pain
C. Gantanol 68 Sig: 2 tabs b.i.d. until finished.
__________________________________________________________________
ANSWER = Gantanol Number sixty-eight; Directions: Take two tablets (pills) two
times each day (twice per day) until finished
PART III: Write the abbreviation or symbol for the following
pharmaceutical terms:
1. a.c. = before meals 17. q.o.d. = every other day
2. a.m. = morning 18. mg. = milligram
3. gt. = drop (gtt. = drops) 19. h.s. = before bedtime
4. b.i.d. = two times a day 20. s.o.s. = if needed
5. stat. = immediately 21. elix. = elixir
6. tab. = tablet 22. gm. = gram
7. q.2h. = every 2 hours 23. Rx = take (recipe)
8. M. = mix 24. h = hour
9. p.r.n. = when necessary 25. q.i.d. = four times a day
10. s = without 26. c = with
11. gr. = grain 27. q. = every
12. p.c. = after meals 28. pil. = pill
13. capsul. = capsule 29. comp. = composition
14. ml. = milliter 30. dil. = dilute
15. inj. = injection 31. rep. = let it be repeated
16. syr. = syrup 32. D. = doses
DOSE CONVERSIONS
FRIED'S LAW (ADULT = 12 ½ yrs = 150 mos) CLARK'S RULE (LAW):
Child's age in mos Child weight (lbs)
PEDS DOSE = ------------------ X ADULT DOSE PEDS DOSE = ------------------
150 mos 150 lbs
X ADULT DOSE
YOUNG'S RULE (LAW):
Child wt (lbs)
Child's age in yrs = -------------- = CHILD(50lbs)
PEDS DOSE = ------------------ X ADULT DOSE 150 lbs
child + 12 50
yrs X ADULT DOSE = --- X A.D.
150
3
Child (3 yrs) = ------ = 1/5 X ADULT DOSE = 1/3 X ADULT DOSE
3 + 12
COURSE DATA SHEET (PT.II)
PART IV: DRUG (MEDICATION) TYPES (CON'D):
1. ADRENERGIC
2. ANALGESIC
3. ANESTHETIC
4. ANALGESIC-ANTIPYRETIC
-ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
5. ANTIBIOTIC
6. ANTIDEPRESSANT
7. ANTIFUNGAL
8. ANTIEPILEPTIC
9. ANTIHISTAMINE
10. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
11. ANTITUSSIVE
12. BRONCHODILATOR
13. ANTISPASMODIC
14. CARMINATIVE
15. CATHARTIC
16. CHOLINERGIC
17. DECONGESTANT
18. DIAPHORETIC
19. CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC
20. DIGESTANT
21. DIURETIC
22. EMETIC
23. EXPECTORANT
24. HYPNOTIC
25. HYPOGLYCEMIC
26. MIOTIC
27. MYDRIATIC
28. HEMOSTATIC
29. NARCOTIC
30. OPIATE
31. PARASYMPATHETIC
32. SEDATIVE
33. STEROID
34. SYMPATHETIC
35. TRANQUILIZER
36. VASOCONSTRICTOR
37. VASODILATOR
1. ADRENERGIC = A drug that acts like epinephrine, a hormone produced by the
medulla of the adrenal glands are used as emergency HEART STIMULANTS AND TO
COUNTERACT ALLERGIC CONDITIONS like hives & asthma called sympathomimetic.
2. ANALGESIC = A drug to relieve pain by lessening the sensory function of
the brain. They range from aspirin to the opium derivatives.
3. ANALGESIC-ANTIPYRETIC-ANTI-INFLAMMATORY = A drug that relieves pain (usu-
ally originating in the joints, muscles, teeth, head, skin, and connective
tissue), reduces fever (antipyretic), or acts as an anti-inflammatory or
anti-rheumatic. Examples include acetaminophen (Tylenol), aspirin (acetyl-
salicylic acid), phenylbutazone (Butazolidin), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin,
Nuprin), naproxen (Naprosyn), piroxicam (Feldene), indomethacin (indocin).
4. ANESTHETIC = A drug used to produce insensibility to pain or the sensation
of pain, local or general. Topical anesthetics are applied to the surfaces
of the skin and mucous membranes and have a local action. Local anesthetics
are infiltrated. General anethesia is systemic and produces sleep.
5. ANTIBIOTIC = Agents that are produces both by living organisms and synthe-
tically and are effective against bacterial infections. Antibiotics are of
two basic types: Bacteriolytic and Bacteriostatic.
6. ANTIDEPRESSANT = Several drug groups are used to treat depression, includ-
ing anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, anti-anxiety agents (anxiolytics),
psychomotor stimulants, and lithium. Anti-depressants include amitriptyline HCI
(Elavil) and imipramine pamoate (Tofranil).
7. ANTIFUNGAL = Preparations to treat systemic or local fungal infections
(mycoses), which include: Griseofulvin (Fulvicin-U/F), Miconazole (Monis-
tat) and Nystatin (Mycostatin). Fungal species fall into four main classes:
(1) Pediculosis capitus (head), (2) Pediculosis corporis (body) (ringworm),
(3) Pediculosis cruris (jock), (4) Pediculosis pedis (athletes feet); as
well as the taenia species.
8. ANTIEPILEPTIC = Agent used to reduce the number or severity of epileptic
attacks. These agents may be called anticonvulsants. However, convulsions
do not occur in all types of seizures. Examples include sedatives and hyp-
notics: phenytoin (Dilantin), methylphenidate HCI (Ritalin), and sometimes,
dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine).
9. ANTIHISTAMINE = (HISTAMINE BLOCKER); An agent used to counteract the ef-
fects of histamine. Histamine is a natural substance in the body's tissues
that aids in the body's inflammatory response to tissue injury and regul-
ates the secretions of stomach acid.
10. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE = A drug used to treat hypertension. There are many drugs
for treating hypertension, including the following: diuretics (water pills);
sympathetic blocking agents such as atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol tartrate
(Lopressor), nadolol (Corgard); centrally acting agents, such as methyldopa (Aldo-
met); and vasodilators.
11. ANTISPASMODIC = An agent that relieves or prevents spasms from musculo-
skeletal injury or inflammation and from neurologic disorders resulting
from central nervous system damage, or spasms of the smooth muscles such as
the intestines or the uterus. Examples include methocarbamol (Robaxin) and
carisoprodol (Soma), and levodopa (L-dopa).
12. ANTITUSSIVE = (COUGH SUPPRESSANT); An agent that suppresses the cough re-
flex and dries up the secretion and normal discharge of a cough. Examples
are dextromethorphan HBr (Romilar), codeine and terpin hydrate with codeine
13. BRONCHODILATOR = An agent used to treat chronic bronchitis, bronchial as-
thma, and emphysema. Oral medications include aminophylline (Theophylline)
and theophylline anhydrous (TheoDur). Parenteral medications include epine-
phrine (Adrenalin, SusPhrine). Aerosol inhalation medications include albu-
terol (Ventolin, Proventil) and isoproterenol HCI (Isuprel). (COPD / COLD =
bronchitis, bronchiolitis, asthma, emphysema)
14. CARMINATIVE = A medication that relieves flatulence and aids in the expul-
sion of gas from the stomach and intestines. It usually contains a volatile
oil or carbonated beverage.
15. CATHARTIC = An agent that increases and hastens bowel evacuation (defec-
ation). Commonly called a laxative. The types range from mild laxatives to
purgatives, which are severe cathartics. Some work by increasing the amount
of bulk in the bowel. Others work by irritating the intestinal mucosa which
produces movement.
16. CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC = Now mostly refers to those chemical substances used to
treat cancerous conditions and tumors. However, medically, it is the term
for any drug that is used as an agent to treat infections.
Antineoplastic drugs: vincristine, vinblastine
17. CHOLINERGIC = Drugs that act like the parasympathetic nervous system. They
function to help restore energy and mimic the natural physiological process
that occurs when acetylcholine (a natural neurotransmitter) stimulates cho-
linergic nerves to transmit impulses to certain body structures and organs,
Cholinergic drugs DECREASE THE HEART RATE AND ACT ON SMOOTH AND SKELETAL
MUSCLE. However, because the site of action is so difficult to localize, or
target, these drugs have limited clinical usefulness.
18. DECONGESTANT = A drug that relieves local congestion in the tissues usually
the mucous membranes. The most popular are the nasal decongestants, such as
ephedrine or phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine). Decongestants are often com-
bined with anti-histamines.
19. DIAPHORETIC = A drug used to induce or increase perspiration.
20. DIGESTANT = A drug that promotes the progress of digestion. Enzymes, ant-
acids, and bile salts are included in this group.
21. DIURETIC = A drug that increases the function of the kidneys and stimu-
lates the flow of urine. It increases the water content of blood through
osmosis of salt action, freeing water from the tissues and reducing edema.
Examples include hydrochlorothiazide (Diazide, Esidrix, HydroDiuril), fur-
osemide (Lasix)(strongest)(loop diuretic) (water pills)
22. EMETIC = A drug used to induce vomiting. Ipecac syrup is commonly used,
and mild mustard and plain tepid water are home remedies used as emetics.
23. EXPECTORANT = A drug used to increase the secretions and mucus from the
bronchial tubes. It makes a cough more productive (expectoration) & breaks
up congestion. Some expectorants are combined with anti-histamines. An ex-
pectorant has an effect opposite that of a cough suppressant.
24. HEMOSTATIC = A drug used to control bleeding; a blood coagulant. Absor-
bable hemostatics are applied directly to a wound, and an artificial clot
is formed that is gradually absorbed. Gelfoam and Surgicel are examples.
25. HYPNOTIC = A drug that produces sleep and lessens the activity of the
brain. A hypnotic has a sedative action when used in smaller doses. The
barbiturates, both oral and injectable are the most common hypnotics; pen-
tobarbital (Nembutal), phenobarbital (Luminal), amobarbital (Amytal), seco-
barbital (Seconal), and secobarbital and amobarbital (Tuinal).
26. HYPOGLYCEMIC = Drugs used to compensate for a lack of effective insulin ac-
tivity, such as the prompt acting and long-acting insulins; or drugs that
stimulate the pancreas to release insulin, such as chlorpropamide (Diabin-
ase) and tolbutamide (Orinase). [Type IIa and IIb DM]
27. MIOTIC = An agent that causes the pupil of the eye to contract.
28. MYDRIATIC = An agent used to dilate the pupil of the eye. Used by ophthal-
mologists in eye examinations.
29. NARCOTIC = Any of a group of drugs that depress the central nervous system
and cause insensibility or stupor. Natural narcotics include the opium
group. Synthetic narcotics include codeine phosphate (methylmorphine), mep-
eridine HCI (Demerol), methadone (Dolophine), morphine sulfate, pentazocine
(Talwin), and propoxphene HCI (Darvon).
30. OPIATE = The habit-forming drugs that are derived from or contain opium,
such as morphine, codeine, heroin, papaverine, and tincture of opium (par-
egoric).
31. PARASYMPATHETIC = (BLOCKING AGENT); Drugs that are called anticholinergic
or cholinergic blocking agents because they block certain effects of ace-
tylcholine (see Cholinergic). These agents include atropine sulfate, di-
cyclomine HCI (Bentyl), and methylscopolamine (Scopolamine). Parasympathe-
tic blocking agents are effective antidotes to cholinergic overdose and are
used as gastrointestinal antispasmodics for the management of peptic ulcer,
gastritis, and colitis. They are also used as heart rate stimulants, bron-
chial dilators and pupil dilators for ophthalmic examinations.
32. SEDATIVE = A drug that reduces excitement; a quieting agent that does not
produce sleep as a hypnotic drug does. Anti-anxiety agents may also be
classified as sedatives. Sedatives may be hypnotic drugs given in smaller
doses or drugs such as the bromides, paraldehyde, chloral hydrate, or flur-
azepam (Dalmane). The newer antianxiety agents include alprazolam (Xanax),
chlordiazepoxide HCI (Librium), diazepam (Valium), and meprobamate (Equanil
and Miltown).
33. STEROIDS = Drugs that mimic certain chemicals in the body such as the male
and female hormones (testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen) and the hor-
mones of the cortices of the adrenal glands. Agents affecting the female
and male reproductive systems are used to treat reproductive system imbal-
ances, for birth control, and in labor and delivery. The adrenocorticost-
eroids (commonly, cortisone) are widely used as anti-inflammatory, anti-
allergic, and anti-stress agents.
34. SYMPATHETIC = (BLOCKING AGENTS); Drugs that are called adrenergic blocking
agents (or sympatholytic) because they block certain functions of the adre-
nergic nerves (see Adrergic). These agents are mainly useful in treating
cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, angina and cardiac arrhyth-
mias. Some examples are phenoxybenzamine HCI (Dibenzyline), phentolamine
mesylate (Regitine), and propranolol HCI (Inderol).
35. TRANQUILIZER = A calming agent that reduces anxiety and tension without
acting as a depressant. Tranquilizers are called "psychotherapeutic" drugs.
In recent years, this group of drugs has greatly increased in number. The
phenothiazine derivatives are often used. These include chlorpromazine
(Thorazine), perphenazine (Trilafon), and thioridazine (Mellaril).
36. VASOCONSTRICTOR = A drug that causes the blood vessels to constrict, nar-
rows the lumen of a vessel, raises blood pressure, and causes the heart to
beat more forcefully. Vasoconstrictors may be used to stop superficial
bleeding raise and sustain blood pressure, and relieve nasal congestion.
37. VASODILATOR = The opposite of a vasoconstrictor. A drug that dilates blood
vessels, lowers blood pressure by making the blood vessel lumen larger, and
causes the heart to pump less forcefully. Used in the treatment of hyper-
tension, angina pectoris, and peripheral vascular diseases. Nitroglycerin
placed sublingually gives prompt vasodilation. Non-nitrate vasodilators in-
clude propranolol (Inderal) and nadolol (Corgard), both synpathetic block-
ing agents.
PART V: DIRECTIONS: Define the FIVE SCHEDULES of controlled substances:
1. SCHEDULE I = Includes substances that have no medicinal use and a high
potential for abuse. Possession of these drugs is illegal. Drugs included in
this schedule are heroin, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), marijuana and
peyote.
2. SCHEDULE II = Includes various narcotics such as opium, the opium deriva-
tives (morphine), and the synthetic opium derivatives (synthetic morphine
and methadone); stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines, and the common-
ly abused depressant barbuturates. For these, the physician must have a
special license (DEA #), and the prescription written in Federal Triplicate
Order Forms imprinted with this number. In the medical office they must be
stored under lock and key.
3. SCHEDULE III = Includes the lesser abused combination drugs that contain
limited quantities of codeine, narcotic substances or amphetamine-like sub-
stances. The physician must hand write the prescription but the DEA number
is not required.
4. SCHEDULE IV = Includes the minor tranquilizers and hypnotics that have a
lesser potential for abuse. Prescriptions may be handwritten by the medical
assistant under the physician's direction, but the physician must sign them.
Drugs in this schedule include meprobamate (equanil), chlordiazepoxide (Lib-
rium) diazepam (Valium), flurazepam (Dalmane), chloral hydrate, and the non-
narcotic analgesic propoxyphene (Darvon).
5. SCHEDULE V = Includes miscellaneous mixtures containing limited amounts of
narcotic drugs. Prescription orders and refills are the same as for Schedule
IV drugs. Examples are most cough medications containing codeine and some
drugs used for gastrointestinal disorders, such as Donnagel and diphenoxy-
late (Lomotil).
PART VI: DIRECTIONS: Name five types of drugs that are most COMMONLY ABUSED:
1. The potent narcotic analgesics such as heroin and morphine.
2. Depressant drugs, such as the barbiturates, sedatives, hypnotics, and anti-
anxiety agents.
3. Psychomotor stimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamines.
4. Hallucinogens and psychosis imitating drugs such as LSD, mescaline, peyote.
5. Cannabis derivatives such as marijuana and hashish.
PART VII: DIRECTIONS: Name the FIVE BASIC USES OF DRUGS:
1. THERAPEUTIC = Used to cure a disease (antibiotics for bacterial infections)
2. PALLIATIVE = Used to relieve the symptoms of a disease (i.e. pain relievers)
3. PREVENTIVE = Used to prevent a condition (i.e.Dramamine for motion sickness)
4. REPLACEMENT = Used to replace or supplement what the body is not producing
such as insulin for diabetics, or vitamins and minerals.
5. DIAGNOSTIC = Used to aid in the diagnosis of a disease or condition, such as
dyes used in radiographic examinations.
DRUG THERAPY VERSUS UNTOWARD EFFECTS = morphine depresses the cough mechan-
ism yet increases the mechanism that causes vomiting. Epinephrine (Adrena-
lin) decreases (constricts) the openings of the blood vessels yet increases
(dilates) the opening of the bronchial tubes.
PART VIII: DIRECTIONS: Name the METHODS OF VENIPUNCTURE and describe a
SYRINGE CONSTRUCTION:
1.- SYRINGE METHOD 3.- BUTTERFLY METHOD
2.- VACUTAINER METHOD (MICROSYRINGE METHOD)
(ANTECUBITAL VENIPUNCTURE) 4.- FINGERPUNCTURE (MICROSTICK)
(MULTIDRAW)(MACROSAMPLING) (MICROSAMPLING)
SYNOPSIS:
----- ONE WAY FLOW SYSTEM -------
| |
\ / NEEDLE \ /
(cannula)
BEVEL | LUER LOCK VACUTAINER
| | | (hub) | PLASTIC HOLDER
| | ╔═════════════════
/════════════|=|═══════ aspirin (ASA), Salacylic acid)
3. BRAND NAME = Also called the TRADE name. This is the name by which a parti-
cular manufacturer identifies a drug. A drug will have a different trade
name with each pharmaceutical company that manufactures it. (also called the
Pharmaceutical name)(Ex: Anacin, Bufferin for aspirin, Ibuprofin for Moltrin
Proprietary name, has preservatives (MSG = Monosodim Glutamate)
4. GENERIC NAME = This is the common name of the chemical or drug, and is usu-
ally descriptive of a drug's chemical structure. This name is not owned by
any particular company. It is non-proprietary, that is, not protected by a
trade mark. For example, "digitalis" is a generic name. No preservatives.
PART X: DIRECTIONS: Define, Explain or Fill-in the blank.
1. A REFERENCE BOOK used by physicians and medical assistants to find out
information about presription drugs is called a:
[ PHYSICIANS DESK REFERENCE - PDR ]
2. Drug standards are established and enforced by what organization ?
[ FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION - FDA = This is an agency of the U.S. Depart-
ment of Health and Human Services, and makes mandatory the testing of all
drugs before release to the public. They set manufacturing standards to
ensure the proper identity, purity, strength, and quality of drugs shipped
in interstate commerce. ]
** Narcotics and various other substances are controlled and regulated by the
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), a branch of the Justice Department. This
agency regulates the five SCHEDULES (I-V) of controlled substances.
3. Give the name and date of the act passed to regulate the manufacture, sale,
dispensing and prescribing of narcotics:
[ 1914 HARRISON NARCOTICS ACT PURPOSE: To regulate the manufacture, sale,
dispensing and prescribing of narcotics by the Treasury Department ]
4. All PRESCRIPTIONS follow a SPECIFIC FORMAT. List the components below in
the order they are written (list the four parts of a prescription):
a).-SUPERSCRIPTION c).-SUBSCRIPTION
b).-INSCRIPTION d).-SIGNATURE
a).-SUPERSCRIPTION = Patient's name and address, the date and the symbol "Rx"
(Latin for Recipe, meaning to take).
b).-INSCRIPTION = Names and quantities of the ingredients.
c).-SUBSCRIPTION = Includes directions for compounding. Most medications are
prepared ready for dispensing or administration.
d).-SIGNATURE = Directions for the patient. It is usually preceded by the
symbol "S" or "Sig" (Latin for Signa, meaning "mark"). This is where the
physician indicates what instructions are to be placed on the label.
===============================================================================
COURSE DATA SHEET (PT.III)
PART II: DIRECTIONS: Define the routes of drug administration listed below.
1. Inhalation - ___________________________________________________________
2. Injection - ___________________________________________________________
3. Oral - ___________________________________________________________
3. Rectal - ___________________________________________________________
4. Topical - ___________________________________________________________
5. Vaginal - ___________________________________________________________
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
1. INHALATION = Also called the NASAL ROUTE. A mucous membrane route of drug administration that may come
in the form of droplets, vapors, or gas. This route generally reaches the mucous membrane of the respiratory
tract and may be used to either liquefy bronchial secretions or dilate the bronchi.
2. INJECTION = Injection is the method or vehicle used to accomplish the PARENTERAL route of drug
administration which includes Intravenous (I.V.), Intramuscular (I.M.), Intradermal (I.D.) and Subcutaneous forms, intrathecal.
3. ORAL = The oral route (p.o.) is also considered a mucous membrane route of drug administration. Mouth and
throat agents come in the form of SPRAYS, SWABS, and SUBLINGUAL TABLETS. This membrane may be
treated locally with antiseptics for oral hygiene and local infections; with anesthetics for relief of pain, and with
astringents that form a protective film over the mucous membrane. Sublingual tablets are placed under the
tongue and the absorption is systemic (Nitroglycerin tabs.) [ the Oral Route is composed of: (a) Lingual,
(b) Sublingual, (c) Gingival (d) Pharyngeal, (e) Buccal ].
4. RECTAL = A mucous membrane route of drug administration that is applied to the rectal mucosa or latter portion of the sigmoid colon of the large intestine which is highly absorptive. Drugs administered by this route are ab-
sorbed directly into the bloodstream and are useful if the patient is nauseated, vomiting, or unconscious. They
come in the form of gelatin or cocoa butter based SUPPOSITORIES which melt on contact, and may soften the
stool or stimulate evacuation. Enemas are also used to cleanse and evacuate.
5. TOPICAL = The Topical Route or topical medications are also considered a mucous membrane route of drug
administration; however, these medications are applied to the external surfaces of the skin and in large amounts
when left for an extended period of time may be absorbed into the bloodstream. The mucous membranes that they reach are the dermal and epidermal surfaces. Topical medications come in the form of LOTIONS, LINIMENTS, OINTMENTS, CREAMS, COMPRESSES and PATCHES.
6. VAGINAL (urethral)= A mucous membrane route of drug administration that is applied to the vestibule or mucous membrane of the vagina, one of the internal organs of the female reproductive tract leading to the cervix or mouth of the uterus, and which is highly absorptive. Medications for this route may come in the form of
SUPPOSITORIES, TABLETS, CREAMS or FLUID SOLUTIONS and are used to treat local infections. Irrigating
solutions (douches) may be used as anti-infectives or to acidify the area, and creams and foams may be used as
local contraceptives.
COURSE DATA SHEET IV
I.- PDR - Physicians Desk Reference
Pharmacology Textbook - reference for concepts and principles
of drug classification
1). ACTION - How drug acts in body.
2). INDICATION - conditions for which drug is used
3). SIDE EFFECTS - Effect on the body other than the ones for
which drug is given.
4). ADVERSE EFFECTS - Effect on tissue or organ system other than
the one being sought by administration of a medication.
5). PRECAUTIONS - Actions necessary because of special conditions
of the patient, drug, or environment that need to be considered.
6). CONTRAINDICATIONS - conditions that make administration of a
drug improper or undesirable.
7). TOXIC EFFECTS - poisonous effects and symptoms of toxicity.
8). DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION - The usual route, dosage and timing
for administration of the drug.
II.- ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS
A).- DRUG THERAPY ASSESSMENT
1).- PATIENT ASSESSMENT:
a). Patient history and current status
b). Condition of patient that may contraindicate the use or
dosage of drug ordered.
c). Does the patient have a drug dependency that you know of
that may contra-indicate the drug about to be given to him
d). Does the patient have any allergies to type of drug being
given or to certain foods or animals that will produce a
similar allergic effect.
e). When a site is chosen for drug administration, is the site
free of swelling, pain injury, change in texture or pigmen-
tation.
2).- DRUG ASSESSMENT:
a). Evaluation of dosage ordered and the drug itself.
b). Make sure there are written orders if told verbally to give
a medication, make sure the Doctor writes it in patient
chart.
c). Always be sure of yourself when administering a drug. Know
the drug and how you are going to administer it.
d). If unsure have the Doctor do it. Always question if unsure
Ex. Ornade - time released antihistamine. If you know the
amount to be administered, then do so, if not, then ask.
3).- ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT:
a). Environment safe for drug administration
b). Patient protected and comfortable
c). When administering drugs, there should be more than one
person. In the event of having to give first aid and in
case you have to inject epinephrine.
d). Cannot inject epinephrine without order from Doctor ! If
doctor is not there, or there is no order, do not admin.
e). Have EMERGENCY CART with emergency drugs on hand and read-
ily available.
f). Organization is imperative !
========================================
After drug administration, observe patient for drug reactions:
* ANAPHYLLACTIC SHOCK = severe allergic reaction of the body to a
foreign protein or drug (hypersensitivity)
Lesser allergic reactions could include hives, swelling and itching.
Note: Epinephrine - opens airway, lungs, opens vasculature because of
vasoconstriction.
COURSE DATA SHEET (PT.V)
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
1. INHALATION = Also called the NASAL ROUTE. A mucous membrane route of drug administration that may come
in the form of droplets, vapors, or gas. This route generally reaches the mucous membrane of the respiratory
tract and may be used to either liquefy bronchial secretions or dilate the bronchi.
2. INJECTION = Injection is the method or vehicle used to accomplish the PARENTERAL route of drug
administration which includes Intravenous (I.V.), Intramuscular (I.M.), Intradermal (I.D.) and Subcutaneous forms.
3. ORAL = The oral route (p.o.) is also considered a mucous membrane route of drug administration. Mouth and
throat agents come in the form of SPRAYS, SWABS, and SUBLINGUAL TABLETS. This membrane may be
treated locally with antiseptics for oral hygiene and local infections; with anesthetics for relief of pain, and with
astringents that form a protective film over the mucous membrane. Sublingual tablets are placed under the
tongue and the absorption is systemic (Nitroglycerin tabs.) [ the Oral Route is composed of: (a) Lingual,
(b) Sublingual, (c) Gingival (d) Pharyngeal, (e) Buccal ].
4. RECTAL = A mucous membrane route of drug administration that is applied to the rectal mucosa or latter portion of the sigmoid colon of the large intestine which is highly absorptive. Drugs administered by this route are ab-
sorbed directly into the bloodstream and are useful if the patient is nauseated, vomiting, or unconscious. They
come in the form of gelatin or cocoa butter based SUPPOSITORIES which melt on contact, and may soften the
stool or stimulate evacuation. Enemas are also used to cleanse and evacuate.
5. TOPICAL = The Topical Route or topical medications are also considered a mucous membrane route of drug
administration; however, these medications are applied to the external surfaces of the skin and in large amounts
when left for an extended period of time may be absorbed into the bloodstream. The mucous membranes that they reach are the dermal and epidermal surfaces. Topical medications come in the form of LOTIONS, LINIMENTS, OINTMENTS, CREAMS, COMPRESSES and PATCHES.
6. VAGINAL = A mucous membrane route of drug administration that is applied to the vestibule or mucous
membrane of the vagina, one of the internal organs of the female reproductive tract leading to the cervix or
mouth of the uterus, and which is highly absorptive. Medications for this route may come in the form of
SUPPOSITORIES, TABLETS, CREAMS or FLUID SOLUTIONS and are used to treat local infections. Irrigating
solutions (douches) may be used as anti-infectives or to acidify the area, and creams and foams may be used as
local contraceptives.
===============================================================================
DRUG (MEDICATION) TYPES:
a). ANTIPYRETIC = A drug given to reduce fever.
b). CONTRACEPTIVE, ORAL = A drug that prevents conception; slang for the Pill
c). ANTIHISTAMINE = A drug used to treat allergy symptoms.
d). ANTISPASMODIC = A drug used to relieve on prevent muscular contrac-
tions, spasms, and convulsions.
e). ANTIEMETIC = A drug that relieves vomiting.
f). VACCINE = A suspension of infectious agents or some part of them used
to convey resistance to infectious disease.
g). APPETITE SUPPRESSOR = A drug that controls appetite.
h). ANTICOAGULANT = A drug used to prevent blood clotting.
i). HEMOSTATIC = A drug used to check bleeding.
j). DISINFECTANT = A substance that destroys bacteria on objects, places,
and materials; not used on the living body because of
capacity to destroy living tissue as well.
k). EXPECTORANT = A drug used to increase secretion and aid in expelling mucus
from the respirtory tract, or to modify such secretions.
l). DEPRESSANT = A drug that tends to decrease activities of the body parts.
m). PROPHYLACTIC = A drug that prevents the development of a disease, such
as a vaccine, a vitamin, a hormone, or an immunologic
preparation.
n). ASTRINGENT = A substance that produces shrinkage of mucous membranes or
other tissues and decreases secretion.
o). ANTACID = A drug that neutralizes acidity, especially in the digestive
tract.
===============================================================================
COURSE DATA SHEET VI
1. If you are given an order to administer 350 mg of a drug and you have
available a vial marked 500 mg/cc, the what volume of this drug should
you give the patient ? (MUST SHOW MATH FOR CREDIT !)
a). 1.4 cc b). 0.70 cc c). 0.50 cc d). 0.60 cc e). 150 cc
ANSWER = 0.70 cc MATH:
(a)
available strength available amount 500 mg 1 cc
------------------ = ---------------- ====> ------ = ----
ordered strength amount to give 350 mg x cc
(b) (500) X (x) = (350) X (1) ====> (c) 500x = 350
(d) 500x 350 (e) 350 7
---- = --- ====> x = --- = -- = 0.70 cc
500 500 500 10
2. The following are routes used when administering a medication by way of
Mucous Membrane absorption ?
a). SUBLINGUAL b). RECTAL c). VAGINAL d). NASAL e). OPTHALMIC f). BUCCAL
3. METHODS OF VENIPUNCTURE and describe a SYRINGE CONSTRUCTION:
1.- SYRINGE METHOD 3.- BUTTERFLY METHOD
2.- VACUTAINER METHOD (MICROSYRINGE METHOD)
(ANTECUBITAL VENIPUNCTURE) 4.- FINGERPUNCTURE (MICROSTICK)
(MULTIDRAW)(MACROSAMPLING) (MICROSAMPLING)
SYNOPSIS:
----- ONE WAY FLOW SYSTEM -------
| |
\ / NEEDLE \ /
(cannula)
BEVEL | LUER LOCK VACUTAINER
| | | (hub) | PLASTIC HOLDER
| | ╔═════════════════
/════════════|=|═══════ ................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- getroman com reviews
- acurafinancialservices.com account management
- acurafinancialservices.com account ma
- getroman.com tv
- http cashier.95516.com bing
- http cashier.95516.com bingprivacy notice.pdf
- connected mcgraw hill com lausd
- education.com games play
- rushmorelm.com one time payment
- autotrader.com used cars
- b com 2nd year syllabus
- gmail.com sign in