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Material and Processes Technology Drill Press

Objective: The student will explain and demonstrate the proper and safe operation of the drill press. The student will pass both a written and practicum safety test with a score of 100%.

Introduction

The drill press can perform a variety of operations. It is used primarily for drilling or boring holes of various diameters and depths and at various angles. Holes can be drilled accurately and with great consistency. With proper speeds, the drill press can also be used for cutting circles, countersinking, plug cutting, mortising and sanding. Appropriate accessories and jigs are needed to perform these processes.

Notice that a drill press can be used for drilling and boring. Drilling is the process of making holes, usually less than ¼ inch, using a drilling tool. Boring is the process of making a hole, usually larger that ¼ inch, using a boring tool.

The size of a drill press is expressed as twice the distance from the center of the chuck to the column. For example, if the distance is 6 inches, then the size of the drill press is 12 inches. This tells you the largest diameter stock that can be drilled through the center. We have a seventeen inch drill press in our lab.

Setting Up the Drill Press

Each operation preformed on the drill press requires several steps. The correct drill or bit must be selected and installed. The speed must be adjusted according to the hole size. The table and/or stock may need to be clamped at the correct height and position. Lastly, the depth stop must be set for the desired cutting depth.

Different types of tools are used in the drill press for different purposes. The most common ones are:

• Twist drills – are available in sizes ranging from 1/16 to ½ inch, by 64ths. They are used to drill small holes for dowels, bolts, and wood screws.

• Spade bits – come in diameters from ¼ to 1- ½ inches. These are fast –cutting tools that leave a rather rough hole.

• Brad-point bits – are ideal for drilling wood. These come in sizes from 1/8 to ½ inch by 16ths. The sharp brad point allows you to place the hole exactly where you want it. The sharp cutting spurs make a clean hole in the wood.

• Multispur bits – are used to cut perfectly round, flat bottom holes.

• Forstner bits – are used to cut flat bottom holes, even through knots, end grain, and veneer.

• Plug cutters – are used for cutting cross-grain and end –grain plugs and dowels up to 3 inches long. They come in the common sizes of 3/8, ½, 5/8, ¾, and 1 inch. The smaller sizes match the diameter of dowel rods.

• Circle cutters – also called a fly cutter, can be adjusted to cut holes from 1 to 4 inches in diameter.

• Hole saws are used for cutting large holes. They come in sizes up to 6 inches.

• Countersink bits – are cone-shaped bits used to enlarge the top of a hole so that a flathead screw can be driven flush with the surface. Sizes range from ¼ to ¾ inch in diameter.

Other tools or attachments are available for the drill press including sanding drums and mortising attachments. We will not use these attachments on our drill press.

When installing a drill bit, use the chuck key to open the chuck slightly larger than the diameter of the shank of the tool. Hold the tool in the chuck, making sure that it is straight, then tighten the chuck securely with the key. Remember to always remove the key from the chuck.

To control the rotation speed of the spindle, a drill press is equipped with either step-pulleys or a variable speed control. Our drill press is equipped with step pulleys. The instructor is the only person in the lab who may change the spindle speed on our drill press. On most drill presses, the speed ranges between 250 and 3,100 rpm. Typical, the larger the hole being cut, the lower the spindle speed.

When adjusting the table, first release the table-lock clamp. Then raise the table so that the space between the top of the work piece and the point of the drill or cutting tool is about ½ inch. Tighten the clamp.

The depth gauge or stop is on the right side of the drill press. It controls how far down the drill bit or cutting tool can move. You may wish to drill a hole partway through a piece of wood. To set the gauge, draw a line on the side of the wood indicating the desired depth. Pull down on the handle until the point of the tool is even with this line. Then move the two adjusting nuts that limit the drilling to this point.

Drilling and Boring Holes

To drill or bore holes, use the following steps:

1. Locate the center of the hole on the work piece and mark it with a center punch or awl.

2. Place the work piece on the drill press table over a piece of scrape wood.

3. Turn on the power and slowly move the point of the bit into the stock. Hold the stock firmly and apply even pressure to the handle.

4. If the stock is hardwood or the hole is deep, back up the bit once or twice to remove the chips before finishing the hole.

5. Finish drilling the hole. Always drill completely through the stock and into the scrap wood.

Safety Rules for the Drill Press

Use the following safety rules when using the drill press.

• Wear eye production.

• Use a drill bit with a straight shank – never a square one.

• Check the speed. Use a slow speed for large holes and a faster speed for small holes.

• Clamp work securely, especially when operating the drill press at high speeds or boring or cutting large diameter holes.

• Keep your hair and loose clothing away from all moving parts.

• Place the drill bit in the chuck straight and tighten it securely.

• Always remove the chuck key before starting the machine.

• When preparing the set-up, make sure the drill bit will not mar the vise or table. Place a scrap stock under the work to be drilled.

• Clamp round or cylindrical stock in a V-block before drilling.

• Keep your fingers at least 4 inches away from the rotating cutting tool.

• Remove chips and shavings with a brush or a stick of wood; never use your hand or fingers.

• Feed the drill or bit smoothly into the work piece. When the hole is deep, withdraw it often to clear the shavings.

Parts of the Drill Press

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On/Off Switch

Safety Guard for Belt and Pulleys

Chuck

Feed Lever

Motor

Tilting Table

Column

Base

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