Drug



Drug |Class |Uses |Side effects |Features | |

| | | | | |

|Penicillins |

|Penicillin G |(-lactam |DOC Strep, Enterococci, |Allergies, seizures (high dose w/ |MUST combine w/ aminoglycoside |

| |(parenteral) |Pneumococci, spirochetes, |renal failure) |for Enterococci |

| | |B. anthracis, Clostridium, | | |

| | |non-(-lactamase Staph | | |

| | |DOC syphilis (IM dose) | | |

|Penicillin V |(-lactam |Minor infections | |Amoxicillin preferred |

| |(oral) |(mixed oral infections) | | |

|Methicillin |Anti-Staph PCN |(-lactamase Staph |Allergies, nephrotoxic (Naficillin| |

| |(IV dose) | |preferred) | |

|Nafcillin |Anti-Staph PCN |Serious systemic (-lactamase Staph|Allergies | |

| |(IV dose) |NOT Enterococci & MRSA | | |

|Dicloxacillin |Anti-Staph PCN |Mild local Staph in kids |Allergies | |

| |(oral) | | | |

|Ampicillin |Extended-spectrum PCN |Serious anaerobes, Enterococci, |Allergies, GI upset, |Combo w/ Sulbactam ((-lactamase|

| |Gram(-) rods |Listeria, Gram(-) cocci & bacilli |superinfections, non-allergic skin|inhibitor) |

| | |NOT Klebsiella, Enterobacter, or |rashes |Widespread resistance (NOT for |

| | |Pseudomonas | |UTI, meningitis, or typhoid |

| | | | |fever) |

|Amoxicillin |Extended-spectrum PCN |DOC URI, sinusitis, otitis, LRI |Allergies, GI upset, |Combo w/ Clavulanate |

| |(oral) |Dental prophylaxis |superinfections, non-allergic skin|(Augmentin) |

| | | |rashes | |

|Ticarcillin |Anti-Pseudomonal PCN |Gram(-) bacilli (Klebsiella, |Allergies |Combo w/ Clavulanate |

| | |Enterobacter, Pseudomonas) | |Combo w/ aminoglycoside |

| | |Hospital-acquired, neutropenic | |(Tobramycin) to avoid |

| | |patients | |resistance |

|Piperacillin |Anti-Pseudomonal PCN |Gram(-) bacilli (Klebsiella, |Allergies |Combo w/ Tazobactam |

| | |Enterobacter, Pseudomonas) | |Combo w/ aminoglycoside |

| | |Hospital-acquired, neutropenic | |(Tobramycin) to avoid |

| | |patients | |resistance |

| | | | | |

|Cephalosporins | | | | |

|Cephalexin |1st-generation |PCN-G organisms + Proteus, E. |Allergies (5-15% cross-reactivity |More resistant to (-lactamases |

| |(oral) |coli, & Klebsiella (PEcK) |w/ PCN allergies, ONLY w/ | |

| | |NOT MRSA, Listeria, Clostridium, |delayed-type rxn) | |

| | |Enterococci |Nephrotoxic | |

|Cefazolin |1st-generation |Same as above |Same as above |Penetrates bone |

|(Keflex) |(parenteral) |Surgical prophylaxis against skin | | |

| | |microbes | | |

|Cefuroxime |2nd-generation |Same as 1st-generation + H. |Allergies |Crosses BBB |

| |(parenteral, longer t1/2) |influenzae, Enterobacter, & |Potentially nephrotoxic |Bronchitis & pneumonia in |

| | |Neisseria (HENPEcK) | |elderly & imczd |

|Cefuroxime axetil |2nd-generation |Same as above |Allergies |Well-absorbed |

| |(oral) |(-lactamase organisms |Potentially nephrotoxic | |

|Cefoxitin |2nd-generation |Anaerobes (esp. Bacteroides) |Allergies | |

| |(parenteral) |Intraabdominal & GYN sepsis |Potentially nephrotoxic | |

| | |Surgical prophylaxis | | |

|Cefixime |3rd-generation |HENPEcK + most enterics + Serratia|Allergies |Once-a-day dosing |

| |(oral) |Less against Gram(+) cocci |Potentially nephrotoxic | |

|Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) |3rd-generation |DOC meningitis; PCN-resistant |Allergies |Crosses BBB & bone |

| |(parenteral, longest t1/2) |Neisseria; |Potentially nephrotoxic |Excreted in bile (good for |

| | |DOC Lyme dz | |renal dz) |

|Ceftazidime |3rd-generation |Pseudomonas |Allergies | |

| |(parenteral) | |Potentially nephrotoxic | |

|Cefepime |4th-generation |Enterobacter (more resistant to |Allergies |Expensive |

| | |(-lactamases) |Potentially nephrotoxic | |

| | | | | |

|Other Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors | | | |

|Imipenem |Carbapenems |DOC Enterobacter |GI upset, rash, infusion site rxn,|Reserved |

| |(very broad spectrum) |Gram(+) & (-), anaerobes |seizures (renal dz) |Crosses BBB & bone |

| | |NOT E. faecium, MRSA, Clostridium | |Combo w/ Cilastatin (Primaxin) |

| | |(metallo-(-lactamase) | |prevents renal inactivation |

|Aztreonam |Monobactams |Gram(-) rods |Rash, (serum aminotransferases |Renal excretion |

| |(narrow spectrum, IV dose) |NOT Gram(+) or anaerobes |(well-tolerated w/ PCN-allergies) | |

|Vancomycin |(slow IV drip, oral for colitis) |Serious Gram(+), MRSA, Clostridial|Fever, chills, infusion site rxn, |Crosses BBB w/ inflammation |

| | |colitis, heart valve implant, |tachycardia, hypotension, red man |Renal excretion |

| | |endocarditis |syndrome (histamine release), | |

| | |NOT Gram(-) |ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity (w/ | |

| | | |AGs) | |

| | | | | |

| | | | | |

|Nucleic Acid Inhibitors | | | |

|Metronidazole |(fragments bacterial DNA) |DOC Bacteroidies & Clostridium |Nausea, headache, dizziness |Crosses BBB & bone |

| | |endocarditis, brain abscesses |Peripheral neuropathy (long-term) |Hepatic metabolism w/ renal |

| | |vaginitis (obligate anaerobes) |CI—EtOH (Disulfiram-like) |excretion |

| | |Anti-protozoal | | |

|Rifampin |(inhibits RNA-polymerase) |Combo w/ Isoniazid for TB |Hepatotoxicity |Penetrates intracellularly |

| |(oral) |Prophylaxis for meningitis |Induces microsomal enzymes ((oral |Crosses BBB |

| | |Leprosy |anticoagulants, OCs, estrogens, |Hepatic metabolism w/ bile |

| | | |glucocorticoids) |secretion (prolongs t1/2) |

| | | |Red-orange color body fluids | |

|Ciprofloxacin |Fluoroquinolones |UTIs & prostatitis, Gram(-) |N/V, headache, dizziness, |Well-absorbed (NOT w/ antacids,|

| |(synthetic ABX) |Pseudomonas w/ CF |nephrotoxic, phototoxic |Zn or Fe) |

| | |Gonorrhea (NOT syphilis) |CI—pregnancy, ................
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