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CHAPTER 17 Quiz Yourself1. Some dermatologic diseases (such as poison ivy) may be treated with either topicalor systemic drugs; the decision as to which route to use depends on the severity andextent of the disease. Small areas of the disease can be treated with topical applicationof a drug, but when large areas of the skin are involved, an oral drug that acts systemically is needed.2. The anti-inflammatory and antipruritic action of an antihistamine is based on countering the inflammation, redness, and itchingcaused by the release of histamine during an allergic reaction. Antihistaminedrugs can be applied topically or given orally. It is not appropriate to treat allkinds of itching with an antihistamine drug, only those caused by an allergicreaction and the release of histamine. Corticosteroid drugs, however, do not directlycounter the actions of histamine; they act instead to decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system’s response to tissue damage. Corticosteroid drugs can also be applied topically or given orally.3. A deficiency of vitamin A can produce abnormal changes in the epithelial cellsof the skin, such as those that occur with psoriasis. A retinoid drug normalizes theabnormal production of epithelial cells. A vitamin D-type drug activates vitamin Dreceptors in the keratinocytes and slows their abnormal cell growth.4. Coal tar preparations and psoralen are prescribed to treat psoriasis.5. True.6. When fungal skin infections penetrate deeply into the skin or nails, cover largeareas, or are particularly severe, they are treated with oral antifungal drugs that actsystemically.7. Acne vulgaris is the acne common to adolescence. It is treated topically with drugsthat clean away oil, close the pores, and kill skin bacteria. Severe cases can alsobe treated with a vitamin A-type drug. Acne rosacea is common to adults. It tooinvolves excessive secretion of oil but also has small, dilated blood vessels in the face. An underlying bacterial infection may be the cause. It is treated with antibiotic drugs and the anti-inflammatory drug metronidazole.8. Keratolytic drugs cleanse by removing oil and dead skin. Antipruritic drugs are antihistamine drugs that inhibit inflammation, redness, and itching due to the release of histamine that occurs during an allergic reaction such as contact dermatitis.9. Wrinkles.10. Triclosan is also found in many personal care products and structures and is used toprevent infection from MRSA. Soaps contain antibacterial compounds. However,the widespread use of antibacterial compounds and the routine use of antibioticdrugs in animal feed are believed to have contributed to the rise of antibiotic-resistantbacteria.11. It is used to treat acne vulgaris and wrinkles.12. Suicidal behavior and attempts.13. Some topical antifungal drugs are also used to treat yeast infections becausefungi are closely related (biologically) to yeasts.14. Herpes simplex type 1 and herpes simplex type 2 are both viruses, but herpes simplextype 1 causes cold sores and herpes simplex type 2 causes genital herpes, asexually transmitted disease. Topical antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, docosanol, and penciclovir, are used to treat herpes simplextype 1, while oral antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir,are used to treat herpes simplex type 2.15. Herpes zoster virus infections or shingles are due to a reemergence of the same virusthat first caused chickenpox in the patient. Topical drugs, such as capsaicin and lidocaine, do not treat the viral infection, but only treat the pain associated with thelesions.16. Zingo is a topical anesthetic drug. It consists of a single-dose, helium-poweredsystem that delivers powdered lidocaine into the skin. The device is held firmlyagainst the skin while the “start” button is pushed. The powder is propelled with aloud popping sound (a “zing”), similar to that of a balloon popping.17. The toxin in Botox that relaxes muscles in the face is the same toxin produced byClostridium botulinum, the bacterium that causes food poisoning.18. Scabies is a skin condition that is caused by tiny, barely visible parasites called mitesthat tunnel under the skin and cause itchy lesions. They lay eggs under the skin whichthen hatch within a week and continue the cycle. The lesions occur on the trunk,pubic area, and in skin folds. Pediculosis is a skin condition that is caused by aninfestation of lice and their eggs (nits) that can be found on the scalp, body, andpubic area. Lice feed on human blood, and their bites cause severe itching. Their eggsare attached to body hairs, particularly on the scalp and pubic area. Scabies andpediculosis are spread through contact with furniture, clothing, bedsheets, towels,personal contact, or sexual intercourse. Lice are easily transmitted from oneperson to another by means of hairbrushes, combs, hats, headphones, towels,clothing, upholstery, carpets, and from close personal contact or sexual intercourse.Scabies and pediculosis are treated with some of the same topical prescriptiondrugs (lindane, permethrin).19. Rogaine is used to treat baldness (alopecia). Topical minoxidil (Rogaine) dilates thearteries in the scalp to increase blood flow and stimulate hair growth.20. a. Antiviral drug used to treat viral infections of the skinb. Topical corticosteroid drugc. Topical irritant drugd. Antifungal druge. Topical drug for debridementf. Topical anesthetic drugg. Oral drug for alopeciah. Topical corticosteroid drugi. Injected drug used to treat wrinklesj. Oral vitamin A–type drug used to treat severe cystic acnek. Topical drug for burns and woundsl. Topical drug used to treat acne rosaceam. Topical drug used to treat scabies or pediculosisn. Injected drug used to treat wrinkleso. Topical corticosteroid drugClinical Applications Questions1. a. Ketoconazoleb. Antifungalc. The prescription says “apply top [topically]”d. 2%e. ketoconazole cream 2%, apply topically twice a day for 2 weeks, 60 gram tube,11 refills.2. a. minoxidilb. alopecia (baldness)c. Rogaine3. a. Cortizone-10 Plusb. Inflammation and itching caused by contact dermatitis, poison ivy, insectbites, psoriasis, seborrhea, eczema, and yeast or fungal infections.c. hydrocortisone4. a. Tinactinb. Superficial fungal infections of the skin or nailsc. tolnaftate5. a. EMLA creamb. Topical anesthetic drugc. The prescription says “apply topically.”d. Apply topically to area of venipuncture 2 hours prior to procedure. Dispense onetube. No refills. ................
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