PHYSICAL SETTING EARTH SCIENCE - Regents Examinations

P.S./EARTH SCIENCE

The University of the State of New York

REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION

PHYSICAL SETTING

EARTH SCIENCE

Thursday, January 25, 2018 -- 9:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m., only

The possession or use of any communications device is strictly prohibited when taking this examination. If you have or use any communications device, no matter how briefly, your examination will be invalidated and no score will be calculated for you.

Use your knowledge of Earth science to answer all questions in this examination. Before you begin this examination, you must be provided with the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. You will need these reference tables to answer some of the questions.

You are to answer all questions in all parts of this examination. You may use scrap paper to work out the answers to the questions, but be sure to record your answers on your answer sheet and in your answer booklet. A separate answer sheet for Part A and Part B?1 has been provided to you. Follow the instructions from the proctor for completing the student information on your answer sheet. Record your answers to the Part A and Part B?1 multiple-choice questions on this separate answer sheet. Record your answers for the questions in Part B?2 and Part C in your separate answer booklet. Be sure to fill in the heading on the front of your answer booklet.

All answers in your answer booklet should be written in pen, except for graphs and drawings, which should be done in pencil.

When you have completed the examination, you must sign the declaration printed on your separate answer sheet, indicating that you had no unlawful knowledge of the questions or answers prior to the examination and that you have neither given nor received assistance in answering any of the questions during the examination. Your answer sheet and answer booklet cannot be accepted if you fail to sign this declaration.

Notice ...

A four-function or scientific calculator and a copy of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science must be available for you to use while taking this examination.

DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL THE SIGNAL IS GIVEN.

P.S./EARTH SCIENCE

Part A

Answer all questions in this part.

Directions (1?35): For each statement or question, choose the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the 2011 Edition Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Earth Science. Record your answers on your separate answer sheet.

1 The deflection of Earth's planetary winds is an example of

(1) the Coriolis effect (2) the Doppler effect (3) convection (4) gravitational pull

6 Arrows in the diagram below show three methods of energy transfer labeled A, B, and C.

2 The universe is approximately 13.8 billion years

B

old. Compared to the age of the solar system, the

age of the universe is approximately

(1) the same age as the solar system

A

(2) two times older than the solar system

C

(3) three times older than the solar system

(4) four times older than the solar system

3 Planets that are closest to the Sun are identified as (1) low-density Jovian (2) low-density terrestrial (3) high-density Jovian (4) high-density terrestrial

4 Which process of the water cycle occurs when water absorbs 2260 Joules of heat energy per gram? (1) melting of ice (2) condensation of water vapor (3) evaporation of water (4) freezing of water

5 In which temperature zone of Earth's atmosphere is the polar jet stream located? (1) lower thermosphere (2) lower mesosphere (3) upper stratosphere (4) upper troposphere

Which list correctly identifies the energy transfer processes A, B, and C?

(1) A?conduction B?convection C?radiation

(3) A?convection B?radiation C?conduction

(2) A?convection B?conduction C?radiation

(4) A?conduction B?radiation C?convection

7 What is the relative humidity of the air when the

dry-bulb temperature is 4?C and the dewpoint is 4?C?

(1) 42% (2) 46%

(3) 51% (4) 56%

P.S./E. Sci.?Jan. '18

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8 The diagram below represents the light spectra given off by the same element as observed under two different conditions. Spectrum A was observed when that element was heated in a laboratory. Spectrum B shows the same element as seen in the light from a distant star.

Spectrum A: (laboratory)

Violet

Red

Spectrum B: (distant star)

Violet

Red

The light spectrum observed from this distant star shows a (1) red shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth (2) red shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth (3) blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving away from Earth (4) blue shift, which indicates that the star is moving toward Earth

9 The diagrams below represent the constellations seen by an observer in New York State while looking toward the southern horizon at midnight on July 9 and January 8.

Lyra Cygnus

Aquila

Capricornus

Scorpius

Sagittarius

Leo Gemini

Canis Minor

Canis Major

Auriga Taurus

Orion

Southern horizon July 9

Southern horizon January 8

Which motion is mainly responsible for the difference in the constellations visible at midnight on these two dates?

(1) The Sun orbits Earth. (2) Earth orbits the Sun.

(3) The stars in the constellations orbit Earth. (4) Earth orbits the stars in the constellations.

P.S./E. Sci.?Jan. '18

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10 Which graph best shows the general relationship between air pressure and altitude?

Altitude

Altitude

Air Pressure ( 1 )

Air Pressure ( 3 )

Altitude

Altitude

Air Pressure ( 2 )

Air Pressure ( 4 )

11 Most clouds form in the atmosphere when moist air

(1) rises, expands, and cools to the dewpoint (2) rises, expands, and warms to the dewpoint (3) sinks, compresses, and cools to the dewpoint (4) sinks, compresses, and warms to the dewpoint

12 Equal areas of which surface would absorb the greatest amount of insolation on a sunny day?

(1) light-colored, smooth surface (2) light-colored, rough surface (3) dark-colored, smooth surface (4) dark-colored, rough surface

13 Which natural event periodically weakens western surface ocean currents in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, resulting in a change in air temperature and precipitation patterns in the United States?

(1) El Nin~ o (2) transpiration

(3) ocean tides (4) volcanic eruptions

14 Ocean gyres in the Northern Hemisphere consist of a number of surface ocean currents that, together, generally flow clockwise in a roughly circular pattern. Which list contains three warm surface ocean currents that make up most of the North Atlantic Ocean gyre?

(1) Kuroshio Current, North Pacific Current, and California Current

(2) Canary Current, North Equatorial Current, and Equatorial Countercurrent

(3) Labrador Current, North Atlantic Current, and East Greenland Current

(4) North Equatorial Current, Gulf Stream Current, and North Atlantic Current

15 Most of the oceanic oxygen that began to enter Earth's atmosphere in the early Proterozoic Era was probably produced by

(1) formation of silicate rocks (2) photosynthesis by cyanobacteria (3) impact events on Earth's surface (4) outgassing from volcanoes

16 During which geologic period did plants and animals first appear in land environments?

(1) Cambrian (2) Ordovician

(3) Silurian (4) Devonian

17 Sedimentary rock layers that were deposited between 488 million and 444 million years ago are found on the surface at which two New York State locations?

(1) Ithaca and Jamestown (2) Utica and Syracuse (3) Oswego and Old Forge (4) Albany and Massena

18 A volcanic ash layer is a good geologic time marker for correlating rock layers because the ash layer was deposited over a

(1) limited geographic area over a short time (2) limited geographic area over a long time (3) wide geographic area over a short time (4) wide geographic area over a long time

P.S./E. Sci.?Jan. '18

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19 The photograph below shows the results of a landslide.

This landslide is an example of

(1) wind abrasion (2) glacial deposition

(3) wave action (4) mass movement

20 Which cross section correctly represents a cold front and the air-mass movements associated with this front?

Cold air mass

Frontal boundary

Warm air mass

Earth's surface ( 1 )

Frontal bou

Warm air mass

ndary

Cold air mass

Earth's surface ( 3 )

Warm air mass

Frontal boundaryCmoladsasir

Earth's surface ( 2 )

Frontal bou Cold air

mass

Earth's surface ( 4 )

ndary

Warm air mass

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21 Earth's interior at a depth of 3500 kilometers is believed to be

(1) liquid at a temperature of approximately 4900?C

(2) solid at a temperature of approximately 4900?C

(3) liquid at a temperature of approximately 5400?C

(4) solid at a temperature of approximately 5400?C

22 Compared to the density and composition of the oceanic crust, the continental crust is

(1) less dense and more mafic (2) less dense and more felsic (3) more dense and less mafic (4) more dense and less felsic

23 An earthquake occurs at 10:05 a.m. At 10:09 a.m., the first P-wave from this earthquake is detected at a seismic station. Approximately how many kilometers (km) from the epicenter is this seismic station located?

(1) 1000 km (2) 2000 km

(3) 2600 km (4) 5600 km

24 The aerial photograph below shows two streams that have been displaced by tectonic movement along the San Andreas fault. The arrows show the relative direction of movement along the fault.

Fault

25 The magnitude of an earthquake is a number that represents the

(1) arrival time of the first P-wave (2) difference in arrival times between P- and S-

waves (3) distance to the epicenter (4) energy released by an earthquake

26 The Genesee River flows across both the Allegheny Plateau and the Erie-Ontario Lowlands in New York State. This river flows

(1) northward, in the same general direction as the Hudson River

(2) northward, in the same general direction as the Niagara River

(3) southward, in the same general direction as the Hudson River

(4) southward, in the same general direction as the Niagara River

27 What is the name of the largest sediment that can be transported by a stream moving at a velocity of 100 centimeters per second (cm/s)?

(1) silt (2) sand

(3) pebbles (4) cobbles

28 Which mineral is commonly used as an abrasive?

(1) garnet (2) halite

(3) sulfur (4) graphite

29 If a metamorphic rock bubbles when a drop of acid is placed on its surface, the rock is most likely

(1) schist (2) slate

(3) marble (4) quartzite

This movement occurred along which type of plate boundary?

(1) convergent (2) divergent

(3) transform (4) complex

P.S./E. Sci.?Jan. '18

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30 The map below shows a portion of the coast of Texas. Letter X indicates features formed by wave action. Texas

X

N Gulf of Mexico

What is the name of the features indicated by letter X?

(1) barrier islands (2) island arc

(3) deltas (4) moraines

31 The diagrams below represent the crystal shape and type of cleavage of two different minerals.

Crystal shape: cubic Cleavage: three directions ? all at right angles

Crystal shape: rhombohedral Cleavage: three directions ? not at right angles

The crystal shape and type of cleavage of these two minerals are determined mainly by the minerals'

(1) color and type of luster (2) streak and hardness

(3) composition and atomic arrangement (4) density and magnetism

P.S./E. Sci.?Jan. '18

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32 The block diagram below represents a meandering stream.

Outside of the curve

Inside of the curve

Which table indicates where the greatest stream velocity and the greatest rate of stream erosion occur?

Greatest Stream Velocity

Greatest Stream Erosion

outside of the curve outside of the curve

( 1 )

Greatest Stream Velocity

Greatest Stream Erosion

outside of the curve inside of the curve

( 2 )

Greatest Stream Velocity

Greatest Stream Erosion

inside of the curve inside of the curve

( 3 )

Greatest Stream Velocity

Greatest Stream Erosion

inside of the curve outside of the curve

( 4 )

33 The diagram below represents the size and shape of a pebble. This pebble and 20 other pebbles having a similar size and shape were placed in a rock tumbler with water and allowed to abrade for five days.

Pebble

Which diagram best represents the size and shape of this pebble after the five-day period?

( 1 )

( 2 )

( 3 )

( 4 )

P.S./E. Sci.?Jan. '18

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