Earth Science



Earth Science

STUDY GUIDE: Rocks, Minerals, & Their Properties

Directions: Complete the following questions, draw the picture, or write a definition for a term in order to study for your test.

For this test you will need to review from the following information:

IT’S ALL ABOUT THE BLING (Identifying Minerals)

THIS TOTALLY ROCKS! (The Rock Cycle) (We start this lab tomorrow)

Part A: Minerals

1. Define these properties of minerals

Color

Luster-

Hardness-

Fracture-

Cleavage-

Streak-

2. The scale developed to measure hardness was developed by a German scientist in 1912. This scale is called ___Mohs________ scale of hardness.

3. What is the hardest mineral on earth and what hardness does it have?

4. What is the mineral that has the lowest hardness on Mohs scale?

5. ____________________ determines the color left behind when a mineral scratches the surface of a white or black ceramic plate.

a. Luster c. hardness

b. Color d. streak

6. Write the 5 things that are true of all minerals from our notes. (Hint: IT IS NOT A ROCK)

7. After you have defined a mineral, describe why it is NOT considered a rock.

8. Luster can be used to describe:

a. a mineral’s level of hardness based on easily obtained items

b. a mineral’s ability to reflect light, whether or not its metallic or non-metallic.

c. Whether a mineral is dull or pearly

d. Whether the mineral leaves a streak that is a certain color.

9. T/F. Minerals are inorganic substances created naturally on earth.

10. The scale of hardness created to characterize the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder mineral to scratch a softer one is called the ______________________ scale of hardness; it was created by a German scientist in 1812.

a. Absolute c. Mohs

b. Luster d. diamond

11. _____________________ is the least helpful way to identify a mineral.

a. Color c. hardness

b. Streak d. luster

12. Minerals that have a definite shape with flat planes when they are broken are considered to have:

a. Fracture c. cleavage

b. Breakage d. crystals

13. Minerals that do not break with a definite shape and tend to have jagged or sharp edges:

a. Fracture c. cleavage

b. Breakage d. crystals

14. What does the density of a mineral have to do with its hardness?

15. What is the formula for calculating density? What are the units associated with a mineral’s density?

Part B: ROCKS & THE ROCK CYCLE

16. DEFINE ( tell me how they formed) & GIVE 3 EXAMPLES of each that we saw in our notes:

Sedimentary Rocks:

Metamorphic Rocks:

Igneous Rocks:

17. What are fragments of rocks or weathered rock called?

18. The process of rocks changing from one form to another and eventually being “recycled” back to the surface of the earth is called the ____________ _____________.

19. What is the difference between foliated metamorphic rocks and non-foliated rocks?

20. Define:

a. intrusive igneous rocks:

b. extrusive igneous rocks

21. What type of grain size would intrusive/ extrusive rocks have?

22. Rock fragments in nature are not all the same size because:

a. they are weathered at different rates and in different ways

b. volcanic eruptions can differ in size

c. not all rocks go through chemical weathering

d. pressure has not made them small enough yet

23. Rocks whose mineral crystals cool at a faster rate would have ___________ crystals and are called ____________ igneous rocks. Whereas, rocks whose mineral crystals cool at a slower rate would have _____________ crystals and are called ____________ igneous rocks.

24. T/F. The rocks that are present on earth today are recycled rocks that have been here for billions of years and are just in a new form.

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