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Assume that you recently accepted a position with Stockman National Bank as an assis- tant loan officer. As one of your first duties, you have been assigned the responsibility of evaluating a loan request for $90,000 from , a small proprietorship. In support of the loan application, Yolanda Tovar, owner, submitted a “Statement of Accounts” (trial balance) for the first year of operations ended March 31, 2010.

Statement of Accounts March 31, 2010

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,100

Billings Due from Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,140

Supplies (chemicals, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,940

Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,740

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,180

Amounts Owed to Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,700

Investment in Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,000

Service Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,300

Wages Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,100

Utilities Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,660

Rent Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,800

Insurance Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400

Other Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 _________ _________

200,000 200,000 _________ _________ _________ _________ 1. Explain to Yolanda Tovar why a set of financial statements (income state- ment, statement of owner’s equity, and balance sheet) would be useful to you in evaluating the loan request.

Four basic financial statements are income statement, balance sheet, statement of owner’s equity and statement of cash flows. They all give a view of the financial position of the company. Income statement shows the difference between revenues and expenses. Any profit or loss of a particular period is shown by the income statement. The profit is then added to the statement of owner’s equity as it is the right of the owner, then finally the ending balance of capital is shown in the balance sheet. The revenues and expenses have been shown in income statement but have not been converted into cash; they are shown as receivable and payable in balance sheet. And all the revenues and expenses converted into cash are shown in the statement of cash flows. All the transactions other than revenues and expenses are shown in the balance sheet and cash flow. When assets are purchased they are shown in the balance sheet as increase in assets and decrease in cash for payment to purchase the assets. When the assets are utilized they are transferred to the income statement as an expense.

2. In discussing the “Statement of Accounts” with Yolanda Tovar, you discovered that the accounts had not been adjusted at March 31. Analyze the “Statement of Accounts” and indicate possible adjusting entries that might be necessary before an accurate set of financial statements could be prepared.

The two adjustment entries seems to be passes, one for usage of supplies and other to record depreciation of Trucks and equipment, and they are as follows:

Supplies expenses Dr. Supplies Cr.

Depreciation Expense DR. Accumulated depreciation Cr.

Other adjusting entries may be of prepaid insurance, if any or other expense payable may be passed but as the data is not given, therefore it may be assumed that all expenses have been recorded for the period.

3. Assuming that an accurate set of financial statements will be submitted by Yolanda Tovar in a few days, what other considerations or information would you require before making a decision on the loan request?

a. The age of business, how old the business is running.

b. Any loan already taken and what is the status of that loan.

c. How much is financed by equity so the loan to value ratio may be developed.

SA 4-3 Financial statements Chapter 04.qxd 5/23/08 12:31 PM Page 198 ________________________________________ Page 3 Chapter 4 Completing the Accounting Cycle 199 In groups of three or four, compare the balance sheets of two different companies, and present to the class a summary of the similarities and differences of the two compa- nies. You may obtain the balance sheets you need from one of the following sources: 1. Your school or local library. 2. The investor relations department of each company. 3. The company’s Web site on the Internet. 4. EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval), the electronic archives of financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. SEC documents can be retrieved using the EdgarScan™ service at . To obtain annual report information, click on “Search for Company Filing,” click on “Companies & Other Filers,” type in the company name, and then click on “Find Companies.” Click on the CIK related to the company name, search for Form 10-K, and click on “Retrieve Selected Findings.” Finally, click on the “html” for the latest period and the related document. SA 4-4 Compare balance sheets

|Wal-Mart | | |

|Period Ending |31-Jan-10 |

| |

|Assets |

|Current Assets |

| |Cash And Cash Equivalents |7,907,000   |

| |Short Term Investments |-   |

| |Net Receivables |4,144,000   |

| |Inventory |33,160,000   |

| |Other Current Assets |3,120,000   |

|  |

|Total Current Assets |48,331,000   |

|Long Term Investments |-   |

|Property Plant and Equipment |102,307,000   |

|Goodwill |16,126,000   |

|Intangible Assets |-   |

|Accumulated Amortization |-   |

|Other Assets |3,942,000   |

|Deferred Long Term Asset Charges |-   |

|  |

|Total Assets |170,706,000   |

| |

|Liabilities |

|Current Liabilities |

| |Accounts Payable |50,550,000   |

| |Short/Current Long Term Debt |4,919,000   |

| |Other Current Liabilities |92,000   |

|  |

|Total Current Liabilities |55,561,000   |

|Long Term Debt |36,401,000   |

|Other Liabilities |-   |

|Deferred Long Term Liability Charges |5,508,000   |

|Minority Interest |2,180,000   |

|Negative Goodwill |-   |

|  |

|Total Liabilities |99,650,000   |

| |

|Stockholders' Equity |

|Misc Stocks Options Warrants |307,000   |

|Redeemable Preferred Stock |-   |

|Preferred Stock |-   |

|Common Stock |378,000   |

|Retained Earnings |66,638,000   |

|Treasury Stock |-   |

|Capital Surplus |3,803,000   |

|Other Stockholder Equity |-70,000 |

|  |

|Total Stockholder Equity |70,749,000   |

|  |

|Net Tangible Assets |$54,623,000   |

|IBM | | |

|Period Ending |31-Dec-09 |

| |

|Assets |

|Current Assets |

| |Cash And Cash Equivalents |12,183,000   |

| |Short Term Investments |1,791,000   |

| |Net Receivables |28,523,000   |

| |Inventory |2,494,000   |

| |Other Current Assets |3,946,000   |

|  |

|Total Current Assets |48,935,000   |

|Long Term Investments |16,023,000   |

|Property Plant and Equipment |14,165,000   |

|Goodwill |20,190,000   |

|Intangible Assets |2,513,000   |

|Accumulated Amortization |-   |

|Other Assets |3,001,000   |

|Deferred Long Term Asset Charges |4,195,000   |

|  |

|Total Assets |109,022,000   |

| |

|Liabilities |

|Current Liabilities |

| |Accounts Payable |20,990,000   |

| |Short/Current Long Term Debt |4,168,000   |

| |Other Current Liabilities |10,845,000   |

|  |

|Total Current Liabilities |36,002,000   |

|Long Term Debt |21,932,000   |

|Other Liabilities |24,772,000   |

|Deferred Long Term Liability Charges |3,562,000   |

|Minority Interest |118,000   |

|Negative Goodwill |-   |

|  |

|Total Liabilities |86,385,000   |

| |

|Stockholders' Equity |

|Misc Stocks Options Warrants |-   |

|Redeemable Preferred Stock |-   |

|Preferred Stock |-   |

|Common Stock |41,810,000   |

|Retained Earnings |80,900,000   |

|Treasury Stock |-81,243,000 |

|Capital Surplus |-   |

|Other Stockholder Equity |-18,830,000 |

|  |

|Total Stockholder Equity |22,637,000   |

|  |

|Total liabilities and stockholders equity |($66,000) |

Ref:

Similarities

1. Both balance sheets comprised of assets, liabilities and stock holders equity.

2. Asset section of both balance sheets comprises of fixed and current assets.

3. Liabilities of both comprises of long term and short term.

4. The both have been made in the same pattern.

Differences:

1. The current assets to total assets of Wal-Mart is 28% while of IBM it is 45%

2. The current liabilities to total liabilities of Wal-Mart is 56% and of IBM is 42%

3. The debt to total assets ratio of |Wal-Mart is 58% and of IBM is 79%

4. The debt to equity ratio of Wal-Mart is 141% while of IBM is 382%

5 Wal-Mart is less debt based company as compare to IBM.

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