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Introduction to the Study of Kinesiology
Objectives of Introduction
• Define Kinesiology & its components
o anatomical, physiological, biomechanical
• Understand its importance to your field (how will you use it/why do you need to study it)
o Physical Educator
o Health Promotion & Fitness Management
• Introduce the following terms:
o Mechanics - static vs dynamic
o Kinetics vs Kinematics
o Effectiveness vs Efficiency
o Qualitative vs Quantitative approaches
o Scalar vs Vector Quantities
o Kinetic Chain
Kinesiology..What Is It?
• Study of human movement from a view of the physical sciences
o Anatomy – musculo-skeletal
o Physiology – neuro-muscular
o Mechanics – biomechanics (application of physics to human motion)
• Structures that participate in movement, follow physical & physiological principles
o **nothing happens by chance
o view movement with amazement (appreciation)
Who needs Kinesiology?
• Physical Educators
• Strength & Conditioning Specialists
• Athletic Trainers
• Physical Therapists
• Personal Trainers
• Coaches
• Physicians
• Massage Therapists
• Nurses
• Exercise equipment engineers
• **all can be considered “Human Movement Specialists”
Who Benefits from Knowledge Gained from Field of Kinesiology
• Physical Education Teachers (CCC Standard 2.5)
o “all students will learn & apply movement concepts & skills that foster participation in physical
activities throughout life”
o CPI
▪ “analyze and apply movement concepts, biomechanical principles. Apply principles of
physiology/kinesiology”
• Health Promotion Fitness Management
o ACSM – 1.1 – “knowledge of functional anatomy & biomechanics (terminology & principles)”, “describe joint movements & ROM, curvatures of spine, function of muscle groups/description
of movement
o NSCA – “demonstrate & understand – muscle physiology, NM adaptations, principles of biomechanics, anatomy, physiology”
3 Primary Reasons for Study
• Teach to move safely, effectively, and efficiently
• Understanding normal movement allows identification of abnormal movement which can lead to muscle imbalances, injuries, & lack of optimal performance
• Teach others how to strengthen, improve flexibility, & maintain parts of human body
• Not only know how & what to do in relation to conditioning & training but also know WHY specific exercises are done in conditioning & training (ie – rotator cuff)
Mechanical Characteristics of Human Movement (p.69 & 70)
• Mechanics – study of forces & motion of any system: why & how is movement occurring (view as machine)
• laws & principles of forces & motion (physics)
• biomechanics – mechanics of living systems
• Statics – factors associated with systems in a constant state of movement (can be at rest or moving at constant velocity) all forces balance out (equilibrium)
• gymnast, posture, worker, cycling (constant speed)
• Dynamics – factors associated with moving systems
• accelerating or decelerating (Vf – Vi)/time
• forces are unbalanced
Mechanical Characteristics of Human Movement (p. 69 & 70)
• Kinematics – description of motion including time, displacement, velocity, acceleration, space factors of a system’s motion
• Arthrokinematics – ability of joint to move through its biomechanical ROM
• Kinetics – study of forces acting on body that influence movement
Approaches for Studying Movement
• Qualitative approach – describing movement in non-numerical terms (viewing, NOT measuring)
o ability to recognize components in movement & correct
▪ watching tennis serve, throwing a baseball
• Quantitative approach – describing movement in numerical terms (measure)
o speed, force produced, distance moved; requires equipment
Quantities to Describe Motion (p. 79, 81, 82)
• Scalar quantities - single quantities, describe ONLY magnitude
o speed, distance, degrees, area, volume, mass
• Vector quantities - double quantities; describe magnitude & direction
o velocity, force (weight), displacement (angular vs linear)
• The Kinetic Chain (p. 208-210)
o Describes how the nervous, muscular, & articular system work together to provide coordinated movement
o Kinetic: force transference b/w these systems
o Chain: interconnected linkage of all joints in body
• Repetitive stress, trauma, sedentary lifestyle, poor posture, improper movements result in impairment & injury (creates “human movement impairment”)
Helpful Websites
• floyd17e; ; ;
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