Organic Compounds - Simone Damiano
Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds and biomolecules
Carbon is the Basic Element of Biomolecules
The chemical compounds associated to life processes are known as organic compounds. Among
the organic compounds, the most known belong to four categories:
1- CARBOHYDRATES
2- LIPIDS
3- PROTEINS
4- NUCLEIC ACIDS
Organic Compounds and biomolecules
Carbon is the Basic Element of Biomolecules
A single bacterial cell may contain up to 5000
different biomolecules, plants and animals even
more.
All the organisms in the side picture use a different
carbohydrate as structural molecule.
This variety of biomolecules is given by the
complex chemistry of carbon
Organic Compounds and biomolecules
Carbon is the Basic Element of Biomolecules
Carbon needs four electrons to complete its outer electronic shell. Hence
every single carbon can share electrons with as many as four other atoms
like in the octane molecule.
¡ñ
¡ñ- C
¡ñ-
¡ñFurthermore the carbon-carbon bond is a covalent and stable bond, so it
can form very long and strong carbon chains.
Organic Compounds and biomolecules
Carbon is the Basic Element of Biomolecules
The great variety of biomolecules is given
by the functional groups that confer
typical features to the molecules.
F u n c t i o n a l g r o u p s a r e s p e c i fi c
combinations of atoms that always
react in the same way.
A single functional group can change
the chemical properties of the
whole organic molecule
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