Poultry Development Review
POULTRY DEVELOPMENT
REVIEW
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ISBN 978-92-5-108067-2 (PDF)
? FAO 2013
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Poultry Development Review
Contents
Foreword
iii
The role of poultry in human nutrition
1
The role of poultry in human nutrition
2
The nutritional benefits of chicken meat compared with other meats
4
The importance of poultry meat and eggs, especially for children and women
5
Increasing the nutrient content of chicken eggs to improve human health
6
The omega-3 fatty acids
7
How important is cholesterol in eggs?
8
Poultry and poultry products - risks for human health
11
Consumption
12
Marketing
15
Slaughtering and processing
18
Poultry housing and management in developing countries
23
Poultry housing and management in developing countries
24
Incubation and hatching
29
Brooding and management of young chicks
32
Housing and management of breeders
34
Housing and management of broilers
37
Housing and management of layers
39
Management and housing of semi-scavenging flocks
41
Poultry waste management in developing countries
45
Poultry waste management in developing countries
46
Poultry manure characteristics
50
Aerosol contamination
52
Location, siting and concentration of poultry units
54
Slaughterhouse wastes
56
Poultry feed availability and nutrition in developing countries
59
Poultry feed availability and nutrition in developing countries
60
Advances in poultry nutrition
64
Main ingredients used in poultry feed formulations
67
Feed supplements and additives
70
Alternative feedstuffs for use in poultry feed formulations
72
Animal feed safety
76
Poultry genetics and breeding in developing countries
79
Poultry genetics and breeding in developing countries
80
Contribution of indigenous genotypes to production and consumption of poultry
meat and eggs
84
i
Poultry Development Review
Commercial selection for meat and egg production Genetic approaches to improved performance in sub-optimal conditions Genetic diversity and conservation of genetic resources
Poultry health and disease control in developing countries
Poultry health and disease control in developing countries Emerging pathogens of poultry diseases Poultry disease diagnosis: field skills and laboratory procedures Site biosecurity and supporting strategies for disease control and prevention Veterinary roles in health and knowledge transfer across a poultry industry
Poultry welfare in developing countries
Poultry welfare in developing countries Welfare issues in commercial egg production Welfare issues in commercial broiler production Transport and slaughter of poultry
86 89 92
95
96 101 103 104 106
109
110 114 117 119
ii
Poultry Development Review
Foreword
The poultry sector is possibly the fastest growing and most flexible of all livestock sectors. Driven primarily by very strong demand it has expanded, consolidated and globalised over the past 15 years in countries of all income levels. Livestock is fundamental to the livelihoods of about one billion of the world's poorest people. Rural poultry, in particular, is essential for the livelihood of many resource-poor farmers often being the only asset they possess. It makes up about 80 percent of poultry stocks in low-income food-deficit countries and significantly contributes to: (i) improving human nutrition, providing food (eggs and meat) with high quality nutrients and micronutrients; (ii) generating a small income and savings, especially for women, thus enhancing the capacity to cope with shocks and reducing economic vulnerability; (iii) providing manure for vegetable garden and crop production. The importance of the socio-cultural and religious functions of village poultry production for smallholder livelihoods, beyond its economic or nutritional importance, is also widely recognized.
This publication is a collection of short articles that give an overview of the benefits of poultry products and information about different aspects of their production. The articles are primarily written to provide information for a general audience rather than for technical experts in the concerned fields of specialization. Originally prepared as separate articles in 2011 for the FAO poultry production website they are compiled in this document for easy access and reference.
iii
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