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Chapter 3 Colonial America Study GuideSection 1 – Early English SettlementsExplain the importance of defeat of the Spanish Armada.Defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English opened up the possibility of other European countries attempting to set up colonies in the Western hemisphere.People/ Terms –Explain the importance of the following .Sir Humphrey Gilbert- explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England.John Rolfe-Jamestown settler who introduced tobacco and married Pochontas.Roanoke-1st attempted English settlement in North America- in present day North Carolina- “Lost Colony”Charters- documents granted by monarchs (King/Queen) giving people to settle a certain areaJamestown—1st successful English settlement in North America (present day Virginia)-named after King James IWhat struggles did the colony face?Lack of food—“starving time” 1609-1610- poor farmlandPoor location—swampy-disease spreadHow was the colony able to survive?Work of John Smith, good relations with the IndiansIntroduction of tobaccoSection 2- New England ColoniesWhy did Separatists come to New England? Wanted to escape persecution in England by the Church of England.Why were they known as Separatist’s?They wanted to “separate” or break away from the Church of England(Anglicans) –unlike the Puritans that wanted to stay and “reform” or purify church.Explain why Separatists are known as Pilgrims.They are called Pilgrims because their journey to New England area had a religious purpose.Plymouth was established by what religious group? What religious group started Boston?Plymouth was established by the Pilgrims (Separatists) / Puritans started Boston.What was King Philips War?This was a war between Pilgrims and the Wampanoag Indians – in 1675. This war was with an Indian named Metacomet – King Philip was his nickname. War started with murder of 3 Indians, and eventually the Pilgrims defeated the Indians of that areaPeople/ Terms –Explain the importance of the following.Great Migration-movement of about 15,000 Puritans during the 1630’s to escape persecution.Squanto- Pawtuxet Indian who helped Pilgrims survive the 1st winter. Samoset-Wampanoag Indian who taught Pilgrims skills to survive 1st winter.John Winthrop- leader(governor) of Puritans in Boston.Roger Williams- minister that was banished from Boston, started colony of Rhode IslandThomas Hooker-minister that was banished from Boston, started colony of Connecticut.Section 3 – Middle ColoniesWhat was the original name of New York? Where was it located? Who started the colony?New York area was New Netherland, the city was New Amsterdam. Located the center of the settlement on Manhattan Island. Colony was started by Dutch West India Company.Explain what the Quakers beliefs were and why these beliefs would be a threat to some.Quakers believed that all people could have a relationship with God, this angered the clergy class. They also believed that all people where equal in the eyes of God,(would not bow to upper classes) this was a challenge to the social class order of the time. They were pacifist’s so this challenged the King in his ability to wage war. People/ Terms –Explain the importance of the following.Peter Stuyvesant – governor of the New Amsterdam colony, Peg leg Peter who had to surrender city to English (16640Lord John Berkeley- friend of Charles II and one of the 2 founders of the colony in New JerseySir George Carteret- friend of Charles II and one of the founders of colony of New Jersey-colony named after island he was born on.Pacifist-people who refuse to fight in wars(use violence to deal with conflict)Section 4 – Southern ColoniesExplain why Maryland was founded and who founded it?- Sir George Calvert ( and his son- Cecil Calvert)- originally started as a refuge for Catholics to safely worship.Why and when was Georgian settled? Georgia was settled in 1733- by James Oglethorpe- who wanted a place where debtors(owed money) could have a fresh start- also it was supposed to be a “buffer” against Spanish Florida moving near English colonies.How did Spain settle/claim California?Spain established missions(religious settlements) to convert Natives and claim landWhat cities were started by the French in New France?1608 –Quebec was founded, 1718- port city of New Orleans was foundedDescribe the relationship the French had with Native Americans.French had better relationship with the Native Americans. Their settlements were smaller (trading posts) and they lived among the Indians. French trappers and settlers respected the Indian customs(culture) and learned languages. Most importantly they did not push Indians off their land.People/ Terms –Explain the importance of the following.James Oglethorpe—founder of Georgian colony- forbid alcohol, slavery and Catholics. ................
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