Lab



Lab.13 Sporozoa

Family : plasmodiidae

Genus : Plasmodium ( causing the malaria )

P.malariae , P.vivax , P.falciparum , P.ovale ( in human )

P.gallinaceum , P.relictum ( in birds )

Definitive Hosts: Rodents, Rabbits, Birds, and human

Final host : Mosquites ( Anopheles , Culex )

Infective Site: Blood ( RBCs ) , Liver

Infective Stage: sporozoite ( Sporozoites are motile and they move by gliding, centrally located nucleus )

* Ring form : the cytoplasmic ring in the RBCs . The parasite may be first visible as a crescent – shaped mass at the outer edge of the red blood cell .

* Developing trophozoites : the parasite takes on more of an irregularly shaped ameboid appearance .

* Schizont : characterized by the presence of multiple chromatin bodies , The merozoites (non-motile) surrounded by cytoplasmic material occupy the majority of the RBCs .

* Gametocytes : A male gametocyte growing to give many flagellated ( micro -

gametocytes ) , whereas the female gametocyte differentiates to macrogametocytes .

* Diagnosis : - clinical signs are associated with anemia and fever.

- Thick and thin blood smears staind with giemsa stain and Serology diagnosis .

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Family : Theileriidae

Genus : Theileria

T. parva : The cause of bovine Theileriosis and East coast fever .

T. annulata : Also the cause of bovine and T. equi Causing Equine prioplasmosis Definitive Hosts: Cattle, Sheep/Goats .

Final host : Ticks

Infective Stage: sporozoite .

Infective Site: Blood (lymphocytes "WBCs", and erythrocytes "RBCs ")

* There are two pictures for schizont (Kochs blue bodies) macroschizonts and microschizonts that produce the micromerozoites in the red blood cell.

Diagnosis :

1- Clinical Signs (Diarrhea, loses weight rapidly, anemia and fever.

2- Blood smears with Giemsa stain and In Ramonowsky-stained smears, schizonts appear as bluish bodies, approximately 8-12 microns in diameter with multiple reddish nuclei .Intraerythrocytic piroplasms are similar to small babesial parasites. They are approximately 0.5-2.5 microns and pleomorphic, but most often appear rod-shaped, round or oval.

3- Serological test (PCR and ELISA).

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Schizont in RBC Merozoite

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Family : Babesiidae

Genus : Babesia

Babesia is pear , roundish and irregular shape in RBCs, have two form ( large and small ) that causes a hemolytic disease known as Babesiosis & Texas cattle fever . can be transmitted from human to human either through the tick vector or through blood transfusions .

Definitive Hosts: Cattle, Sheep/Goats , Horse and dog .

Babesia microti infected the human , life cycle involves two hosts ( tick and mouse )

Final host : Hard Ticks ( Ixodidae )

Infective Stage: sporozoite .

Infective Site: Blood .

Diagnosis :

1- clinical symptoms: such as high fever, anemia, and hemoglobinuria, in the infected hosts.

2- Thick and Thin blood sample testing : the cell contain vacuoles, and the lack of pigment production. Trophozoites morph into merozoites that appear in a tetrad formation( Maltese-cross form) .

3- Serodiagnosis indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test .

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Babesia canis

Trophozoites

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