BASIC EDUCATION SECTOR ANALYSIS REPORT - ETHIOPIA

BASIC EDUCATION SECTOR ANALYSIS REPORT

- ETHIOPIA -

AUGUST 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CENTER OF JAPAN INC. (IDCJ)

HM JR 12-064

BASIC EDUCATION SECTOR ANALYSIS REPORT - ETHIOPIA -

AUGUST 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CENTER OF JAPAN INC. (IDCJ)

(Source: UN Emergency Unit for Ethiopia, March 2000) Map of Ethiopia

Abbreviations

ABE: ABEC: ADB: ARM: BMZ/GIZ:

BOFED: CAS: CDRF: CF: CIDA: CPD: CRC: CTE: DFID: EC: EC: ECCE: EFA: EGRA: EHEECE: ELIC: ELQIP: ELTIP: EMIS: EPF: EPRDF: ESDP: EGSECE: ETB: ETP: FAL: FTI: GDP: GEQIP: GER: GNI (PPP): GTP:

Alternative Basic Education Alternative Basic Education Center African Development Bank Annual Review Meeting German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development/ German Agency for International Cooperation Bureau of Finance and Economic Development Country Assistance Strategy Capacity Development Results Framework Catalytic Fund Canadian International Development Agency Continuous Professional Development Cluster Resource Center College of Teacher Education Department for International Development Ethiopian Calendar European Commission Early Childhood Care and Education Education for All Early Grade Reading Assessment Ethiopian Higher Education Entrance Certificate Examination English Language Improvement Center English Language Quality Improvement Program English Language Training Improvement Program Education Management Information System Education Pooled Fund Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front Education Sector Development Program Ethiopian General Secondary Education Certificate Examination Ethiopian Birr Education and Training Policy Functional Adult Literacy Fast Track Initiative Gross Domestic Product General Education Quality Improvement Program Gross Enrollment Rate Gross National Income (Purchasing Power Parity) Growth and Transformation Plan

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HDP: HIV/AIDS: ICT: IDA: IDCJ: INSET: ISCED: JICA: JRM: KFW: MDG: MDTF: MLC: MOE: MOFED: NAES: NGO: NIR: NLA: OEB: PASDEP: PBS: PER: PISA: PPF: PRESET: PSLCE: PSR: PTA: PTR: REB: SACMEQ: SBEM: SIDA: SIP: SMAPP:

SMASE: SMIS: SNNP:

Higher Diploma Program Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Information Communication Technology International Development Association International Development Center of Japan Inc. In-service Education and Training International Standard Classification of Education (of the UNESCO) Japan International Cooperation Agency Joint Review Mission German Development Bank Millennium Development Goals Multi Donor Trust Fund Minimum Learning Competency Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance and Economic Development National Adult Education Strategy Non Governmental Organization Net Intake Rate National Learning Assessment Oromia Education Bureau Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty Protection of Basic Services Program Public Expenditure Review Programme for International Student Assessment Program Preparation Fund Pre-service Education and Training Primary School Leaving Certificate Examination Pupil Section Ratio Parent Teacher Association Pupil Teacher Ratio Regional Education Bureau The Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality School Based English Mentoring Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency School Improvement Plan/ Programme The Project on Increasing Access to Quality Basic Education through Developing School Mapping and Strengthening Micro-Planning Strengthening of Mathematics and Science Education School Management Information System Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region

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STI: SWS: TDP: TEACH: TELL: TESO: ToT: TTI: TVET: UNESCO: UIS: UNICEF: UPE: USAID: USD: WEO: WFP: WHO: WOFED: WS: ZEO:

Science, Technology and Innovation Sector Working Group Teacher Development Programme Transforming Education for Adults and Children in the Hinterland Teach English for Life Learning Teacher Education System Overhaul Training of Trainers Teacher Training Institute Technical and Vocational Education and Training United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNESCO Institute for Statistics United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund Universal Primary Education United States Agency for International Development United States Dollar Woreda Education Office World Food Programme World Health Organisation Woreda Office of Finance and Economic Development Work Shop Zone Education Office

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Executive Summary

Chapter 1: Outline of the Study

As the target year of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Education for All (EFA) approaches, non-traditional forms of aid modalities such as SWAPs and general budget support are progressively tested and used in providing aid. In this context, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has commissioned a study to carry out a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the education sector in 13 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America1 so that more strategic and effective programs/projects can be formulated. The purpose of the study is twofold: 1) to gather relevant data and information, analyze them, and to identify priorities in the education sector in each country, and 2) to propose how to improve the quality and the methodologies of JICA's analysis on basic education.

Chapter 2: Political and Socio-economic Situation in Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, a pro-Soviet military junta (the Derg) established a socialist state in 1974. But as a result of continuing confusion in social conditions, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) took over the political power in 1991. The EPRDF government also won the election in May 2010, and Prime Minister Meles Zenawi was reappointed. The major economic indicators are: GDP per capita USD 1,040 (PPP, current international $) (2010), GDP growth rate 10.1% (2010), life expectancy 58.7 (2010) and adult literacy rate 29.8% (2005).

Chapter 3: Educational Policies and Reforms

The basis of the Ethiopian education sector reform is the Education and Training Policy (ETP), enacted in 1994. The Education Sector Development Programme (ESDP) was planned afterwards to realize ETP and it was the outset of a series of the ESDPs which has continued to be updated for the subsequent 20 years.

In the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP), a national development plan for 5 years from 2010/11 to 2014/15, the government aims to achieve MDGs by 2015 and to become a middle-income country by 2020-2023. The ESDP-IV (2010/11-2014/15) is the development programme to realize the GTP and focus on the quality of education, especially implementing the General Education Quality Improvement Programme (GEQIP) components started in 2008.

Supervisory authority is the Ministry of Education, which formulates national plan, frameworks and guidelines. Regarding programme planning, implementation and monitoring, however, it is delegated to 9 regions and 2 city councils.

Chapter 4: Status and Challenges of Basic Education Sector Development

[Access] As a result of the policy priority and financial input to achieve universal primary education by 2015 targeted in the ESDPs, primary education achieved a drastic expansion. In

1 The target countries are Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi, Zambia, Cameroon, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.

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