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2010 PACE National Championship Tournament

Edited by Chris Ray, Andy Watkins, Rob Carson, Hannah Kirsch, and Bernadette Spencer

Round 22 – Tiebreaker I

Tossups

1. This author wrote poems depicting figures like Frederic Chopin and Antoine Watteau in his book Pleasures and Days and attacked biographically-influenced criticism in his essay collection Against Saint-Beuve. In one of this author's novels, a musician places sheet music in full view of a window in the hopes that someone will ask him to play. That musician, (*) Vinteuil, appears in a novel that this man wrote in a cork-lined bedroom, whose first volume sees the narrator become obsessed with Albertine. “Swann’s Way” appears in the most famous work of, for 10 points, what French author who wrote about memories inspired by a tea-soaked madeleine in his novel In Search of Lost Time.

ANSWER: Marcel Proust [or Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust]

2. Senators Charles McNary and Clarence Dill based their campaigns around public ownership of dams on this river, and the Celilo Canal was built to facilitate travel on it. Until about 13,000 years ago, this river discharged water from the melting Missoula Glacier, resulting in around forty catastrophic floods. Construction projects on this river were initiated by the Bonneville Power Administration, and it became shallower after Mount (*) Saint Helens erupted. Banks Lake is formed by the major hydroelectric installation on this river, the Grand Coulee dam. Rising in the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and receiving water from the Snake and Willamette Rivers, for 10 points, name this fourth-largest American river which forms most of the border between Oregon and Washington.

ANSWER: Columbia River

3. One important psychological study of this phenomenon involved spiral-shaped colored disks in kindergarten classrooms. The stages of this concept are commonly outlined using the Atkinson-Shiffrin model. A key paper on one form of it, “Lost in the Shopping Mall,” was written by Elizabeth Loftus, who has served as an expert witness concerning this phenomenon. One form of it is affected by the (*) “magic number” of seven plus or minus two, which can be expanded by “chunking.” Another form of it arises from sudden, traumatic events and is known as the vivid, “flashbulb” form of this phenomenon. For 10 points, identify this mental phenomenon that exists in sensory, short-term, and long-term types.

ANSWER: memory [accept word forms and equivalents]

4. In statistical mechanics, this quantity is the conjugate variable to entropy, and for a system at constant volume, it is defined as the derivative of internal energy with respect to entropy. The Van’t Hoff equation evaluates the changes in the dissociation constant associated with changes in this quantity, which decreases in throttling processes in real gases due to the (*) Joule-Kelvin effect and which is held constant in Boyle's law. The third law of thermodynamics states that entropy approaches a minimum as this quantity approaches absolute zero. For 10 points, identify this quantity which remains constant in isothermal processes and can be measured in Kelvins or degrees Fahrenheit.

ANSWER: temperature [prompt on T]

5. Several political groups in this country soundly rejected the Viollette Plan, which would have given voting rights to 21,000 of this country's “meritorious.” A political party in this country was based out of Constantine and founded by Ben Badis. The Messali-formed People's Party and the Organic Statute of 1947 were opposed by a group in this country known as the (*) “black feet.” One terrorist organization from this country was the OS, which was taken over by Ahmed Ben Bella, who eventually founded the CRUA and the FLN just prior to its war of independence; that war was ended by the Evian Accords and lasted from 1954 to 1962. For 10 points, name this North African country with capital Algiers.

ANSWER: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria [or al Jumhuriyya al Jazaa'iriyya al Dimuqratiyya ash Sha'biyya]

6. This artist depicted two people who have fallen into a ditch about to be joined by four more in his The Blind Leading the Blind and painted the titular woman leading an army into hell in Dulle Griet. The Gloomy Day and The Harvesters appear in a collection depicting six months in a rural village, whose most famous entry is set overlooking an iced-over pond and is entitled (*) Hunters in the Snow. Symbols of fertility abound in his wheat-hued Peasant Wedding, while he created two works depicting the titular structure in the style of a Roman amphitheater overlooking a harbor at bottom right. A ship sails toward the horizon and a man plows on indifferent to the legs and feathers disappearing into the ocean in his Landscape with the Fall of Icarus. For 10 points, name this Netherlandish painter of The Tower of Babel.

ANSWER: Pieter Bruegel the Elder

7. In one story by this author, a girl with a large watch expresses a belief that Americans despise tea to a figure later identified as “Staff Sergeant X.” Another of his female characters laments her marriage to Lew and recalls her former boyfriend, who was killed while serving in the army in Japan by an exploding stove. Another of his characters discusses literature with nuns at Penn Station and reunites with (*) Sally Hayes after losing a fencing team's equipment and being expelled from Pencey Prep. His stories of the Glass family include Seymour's suicide in “A Perfect Day for Bananafish,” one of his Nine Stories, as well as the two-part novella Franny and Zooey. For 10 points, name this late, reclusive author who wrote of phony-hating Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye.

ANSWER: Jerome David Salinger

8. This results in embodiment of either bhavya or abhavya depending on one's faith according to one tradition. Sikhs who undergo this process do not have to become mendicants as long as they live solely for others, in contrast to the Jain notion of the Siddhis who have become ascetics. The four margas, or paths for (*) achieving this goal, are enumerated in the Raja, Yana, Bhakti, and Karma Yogas. Arivata guards righteous souls not prepared for this process in the realm of Svarga, where the await the liberation of their dukkha, or suffering. For 10 points, identify this concept in Indic religion, the release of one's soul from the cycle of samsara.

ANSWER: moksha [or mukti]

9. An asymmetric formation of matter from one of these entities can result in a coulee, such as the phonolite-created ones in western Saudi Arabia, Chao, and Mono Lake. When that matter is rich in alkali elements, it is classified as a natrocarbonatite, which is commonly seen as driblet cones called hornitos. The vesiculation and umbrella regions characterize the (*) events associated with these entities, which can produce “pillow” formations when occurring underwater and often exhibit pahoehoe flows. These entities leave behind calderas, and those that converge in a steep summit are known as the “strato” variety. For 10 points, name these openings in the Earth which spew magma and ash during eruptions.

ANSWER: volcanoes

10. A poster circulated by this group depicted a black skull above a crossed knife and fork, and following demonstrations they circulated signs with slogans like “The Hungry Will Eat the Authorities.” A splinter group from this organization combined its symbol with a crowned eagle and the (*) Kotwica. The first prime minister elected from this organization spoke of the “thick line” that would demarcate his policies compared to the past. This group participated in the Round Table Talks along with Internal Affairs minister Czesław Kiszczak in 1989. For 10 points, name this organization founded at the Gdansk shipyard in 1980 by Lech Wałęsa, a Polish Trade Union.

ANSWER: Solidarity

11. A possible analogue of this deity lives on the seashore past a tunnel under Mt. Mashu; that figure knows how to find Urshanabi and is the divine alewife Siduri. Another myth describes how fingernail dirt was used to create a masculine mirror version of this goddess called Saltu. The eunuch Asu-shu-namir once sprinkled this deity with the water of life, and her holy city is (*) Uruk, to which she also sent the Bull of Heaven that killed Enkidu. She was once forced to remove a piece of clothing at each of the seven gates to the underworld in an attempt to rescue her lover Tammuz. For 10 points, name this sister of Ereshkigal, the Babylonian goddess of love and fertility.

Answer: Ishtar [accept Inanna or Astarte; also accept Siduri before mention]

12. This architect edited the Athens Charter on urban planning and designed the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo. A stylized human figure segmented according to the golden ration is the emblem of his “modulor” system, and the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts is his only building in the United States. This man designed the city of (*) Chandigarh in India, co-designed the United Nations building with Oscar Niemeyer, and authored the text Towards a New Architecture. He also created a house in Poissy which sums up his “five points” of architecture, as well as a concrete chapel in Ronchamp. For ten points, name this Swiss-French architect who designed the Villa Savoye and Notre Dame du Haut.

ANSWER: Le Corbusier [or Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris]

13. This author described “pitiless heat” pouring “from the heavens / by day, but nights are cool” in the first section of a long poem that describes such time periods as Summer, Rains, and Winter, The Medley of Seasons. This author wrote about the title warrior's fights with the Huns in (*) Raghuvamsha, and another of his works describes the journey from the “hapless home” in the Vindhya mountains of a yaksha, who had been exiled by Kubera. In his most famous play, Dushyanta cannot identify his wife because she has lost her signet ring. For 10 points, name this author of The Cloud Messenger and The Recognition of Shakuntala, a Sanskrit-language writer.

ANSWER: Kalidasa

14. This brother of Leofwine was captured by Guy of Ponthieu after a shipwreck, but rescued by a future rival, whom this man aided against Conan II of Brittany. Generals loyal to this man included Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria, who fought for this man at the Battle of Fulford. One rebellion against this man was joined by his brother (*) Tostig, and he died on Senlac Hill after earlier defeating the Norwegian Harald Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. According to legend, this man died of an arrow to the eye while doing battle against the Normans. For 10 points, name this English king who lost to William the Conqueror at the 1066 Battle of Hastings.

ANSWER: Harold Godwinson [accept Harold of Senlac on early buzz]

15. This molecule can suppress the inflammatory response mediated by toll-like receptor 4. This molecule's protection against seizures was not observed in mice lacking the delta subunit of the GABA receptor. Low IQ, central nervous system dysfunction, and facial abnormalities are characteristic of a congenital defect caused by too high an (*) intake of this molecule during pregnancy. High intake of this molecule can cause thiamin absorption problems leading to Korsakoff’s Syndrome, while an enzyme important to this compound's metabolism is acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which is absent in many Asian populations. Cirrhosis of the liver can result from extended intake of, for 10 points, what molecule produced via a namesake fermentation, notably found in wine?

ANSWER: ethanol [or alcohol]

16. This philosopher claimed man was the exact point between infinity and nothingness, equally capable of perceiving either. This thinker disputed the idea that a man could adopt a “probable opinion” based on the authority of a priest in a work that condemned casuistry. That work was written to defend Antoine Arnauld from attacks by the Sorbonne. This author of the pro-(*) Jansenist tract Provincial Letters underwent a “Night of Fire,” after which he wrote a work asserting that belief in God was logically justified because the consequences of belief are low and the benefits high, in contrast to the high consequences of disbelief. For 10 points, name this French author of the Pensées, which contain his namesake “Wager.”

ANSWER: Blaise Pascal

17. Senator Pomeroy gave the opening speech at a Washington conference organized by this figure, which unsuccessfully sought expansion of the Fifteenth Amendment. Parker Pilsbury worked under this publisher of the influential Revolution newspaper. Carrie Chapman Catt succeeded this (*) Quaker in one post, and after this figure was barred from speaking at an Albany temperance meeting, she formed the Woman's New York State Temperance Society. This activist also refused to pay a fine imposed for voting in the 1872 Presidential Election and despite not attending the Senecca Falls Convention, publicly affirmed her support for the efforts of Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. For 10 points, name this early leader of the women's rights movement

ANSWER: Susan Brownell Anthony

18. A basis formed from the eigenstates of this operator is the subject of the Wigner-Eckhart theorem. The eigenvalues of this operator along a selected axis is equal to ℏ (“h-bar”) times the magnetic quantum number. The commutator of two orthonormal operators describing this quantity is equal to minus i times ℏ (“h-bar”) times the third. This quantity can be summed quantum-mechanically using Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Pulsars and other rapidly rotating bodies demonstrate the conservation of this rotational quantity, the time derivative of torque. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity.

ANSWER: angular momentum

19. This author alleviated his boredom with rural life by teaching a pig to drink alcohol, and he praised the wearing of lawn linen in several works. This poet described a recurring figure who engages in several dialogues between pursuits of Juliana, Damon, and urged “Get up, sweet slug-a-bed” in another poem. This creator of the sexually graphic Julia poems penned “Delight in Disorder” and (*) “Corinna's Going A-Maying,” and noted in a better-known poem that “for having lost but once your prime, you may for ever tarry” and that “this same flower that smiles today, tomorrow will be dying.” The author of the collection Hesperides, for 10 points, name this Cavalier poet who wrote that as “old time is still a-flying,” one should “gather ye rosebuds while ye may” in “To the Virgins, To Make Much of Time.”

ANSWER: Robert Herrick

20. This composer originally intended to use the adagio from his seventh symphony in a tone poem called The Feminine Moon Spirit, and most major themes in his third symphony are based on tritone intervals. This composer of the opera The Maiden in the Tower adapted a piece originally labeled Tempo di valse lente – Poco risoluto written for an Arvid Järnefelt play into his (*) Valse Triste and he adapted material from an unfinished symphony into his tone poem Tapiola. This composer of the Karelia Suite incorporated elements of his home country's mythology in pieces like Kullervo and The Swan of Tuonela. For 10 points, name this composer who honored his home country in the tone poem Finlandia.

ANSWER: Jean Sibelius

TB1. One novel by this author sees aviator Uncle Marcos contract “a mysterious African plague” during one of his trips. A recurring character in some of this author's novels travels to San Francisco during the gold rush as a stowaway on Vincent Katz's ship and is saved from death by her future husband, Tao Chi'en. Besides Eliza Sommers, who appears in the novels Portrait in Sepia and (*) Daughter of Fortune, another of this author's protagonists is the filmmaker Rolf Carle, who documents the life of Huberto Naranjo. Jean de Satigny marries Blanca, the daughter of Clara and Esteban Trueba, in the first novel by this author of Eva Luna. For 10 points, name this Chilean author of The House of the Spirits.

ANSWER: Isabel Allende Llona 

TB2. A form of this phenomenon that includes quasiparticles like magnons is named for Brillouin. For spherical particles of intermediate size, the Mie model of this phenomenon applies. The cross-section for one form of this process is given by the Klein-Nishina formula; that form features a transfer of energy to an electron by a high-energy photon, while an elastic model is named for Rayleigh. Another example of this phenomenon came when Rutherford bounced alpha particles off a gold nucleus. For 10 points, name this optical phenomenon in which radiation assumes multiple trajectories.

ANSWER: scattering

TB3. This country was briefly returned to British control after the Lancaster House conference failed. One archaeological site that shares its name with this country contains an 820 foot long wall called the Great Enclosure. Abel Muzorewa lost multiple elections here, while the region of this country around the Lundi River contains a large population of (*) Shona people. One longtime ruler of this country was an ally of Joshua Nkomo who took the presidency from Canaan Banana; that man has more recently repressed the Movement for Democratic Chang, led by Morgan Tsvangirai. The site of a namesake “Great” iron age civilization, it is currently plagued by hyperinflation For 10 points, name this landlocked African country that was once known as Rhodesia.

ANSWER: Great Zimbabwe

Bonuses

1. The first note of this piece, supposedly inspired by a train ride to Boston, is a low trill on a certain wind instrument. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this composition for jazz ensemble and piano, commissioned by Paul Whiteman, that opens with a seventeen-note clarinet glissando.

ANSWER: Rhapsody in Blue

[10] This American composer of Rhapsody in Blue also wrote a piano concerto in F and the opera Porgy and Bess.

ANSWER: George Gershwin

[10] This Gershwin tone poem depicts his travels abroad. Its score includes automobile horns, and Gershwin transported taxi horns from the piece's namesake city for its premiere.

ANSWER: An American in Paris

2. It was used as the site of negotiations during a 1968 incident in which the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo was seized off of the Korean coast. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this village which hosted a more famous conference that led to the armistice between United Nations forces and communists in 1953 during the Korean War.

ANSWER: Panmunjom

[10] During the Korean War, this man planned and carried out the massive amphibious landing of U.S. and South Korean forces at Inchon in 1950. He was later removed from command by Truman.

ANSWER: Douglas MacArthur

[10] This man led the first major airborne assault in U.S. military history during his attack on Sicily in 1943. He assumed command of American efforts in Korea after replacing MacArthur as Allied Commander in the Far East in 1951.

ANSWER: Matthew Ridgway

3. The narrator of this poem is obsessed with the ancient tale of the title figure, “sitting up there, wondrous to tell.” For 10 points each:

[10] Name this poem about a Rhinemaiden whose song leads boats to crash on the rocks.

ANSWER: “Die Lorelei” [or “The Lorelei”]

[10] This author of “The Lorelei” and Atta Troll wrote many lieder which were set to music by Robert Schumann.

ANSWER: Christian Johann Heinrich Heine

[10] Heine wrote a tour in epic verse of this country, in imitation of an earlier cycle by Wilhelm Mueller; that work is subtitled “A Winter’s Tale.”

ANSWER: Germany [or Deutschland]

4. Name some things related to Greek verbs, for 10 points each:

[10] Greek has four tenses in this time: the simple aorist, the imperfect, the perfect, and the pluperfect. In many languages, the simple tense in this time is called the preterite.

ANSWER: past time [or past tense; accept obvious equivalents]

[10] Greek speakers regularized the perfect and pluperfect paradigms by giving stops this feature before endings beginning with a vowel. Caused by a delayed onset in voice after a stop, it manifests itself as a puff of air, as seen in phi, chi, and theta.

ANSWER: aspiration [accept word forms]

[10] In both Greek and Latin, some passive forms were split up into a participle and a conjugated form of “to be.” Such a grammatical construction with auxiliary verbs is known by this name, from the Greek for “to express around”.

ANSWER: periphrasis [accept word forms like “periphrastic”]

5. In its most common use, this mineral is treated with sodium hydroxide at one hundred seventy-five degrees Celsius to yield a more useful soluble compound. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this ore, the starting material for the Bayer process, which follows the aforementioned step with heating to over one thousand degrees Celsius.

ANSWER: bauxite

[10] The Bayer process causes the hydroxide of this element to form from bauxite.

ANSWER: aluminum

[10] Aluminum may then be obtained from alumina in this process, by dissolving it in molten cryolite and then applying an electric current.

ANSWER: Hall-Héroult process

6. This city state stood up to Spartan hegemony at the Battle of Haliartus and Coronea. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this city state, led by men like Pelopidas and Epaminondas, that defeated Sparta at the battles of Tegyra and Leuctra.

ANSWER: Thebes

[10] Theban hegemony would come to an end at this 338 BC battle, which saw Phillip II’s army obliterate the joint Athenian and Theban force.

ANSWER: Battle of Chaeronea

[10] At Chaeronea, the elite Theban unit, the Sacred Band, was destroyed by a cavalry charge led by this son of Phillip.

ANSWER: Alexander the Great or Alexander III of Macedon

7. An extraordinarily high opening bassoon solo allegedly caused Camille Saint-Saens to storm out of this piece's premiere. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this work depicting rituals of pagan Russia like the sacrifice of a young girl, a notably riot-inducing ballet.

ANSWER: The Rite of Spring [or Le Sacre du Printemps]

[10] This composer of The Rite of Spring also wrote a ballet about the title creature helping Prince Ivan to defeat the evil sorcerer Kashchei, The Firebird.

ANSWER: Igor Stravinsky

[10] In this other Stravinsky ballet, the title character fakes his death by stabbing so that his girlfriend Pimpinella will forgive him for kissing Rosetta.

ANSWER: Pulcinella

8. Identify some mythical Greek dudes who killed some other mythical Greek dudes, for 10 points each:

[10] This hero accidentally struck his grandfather Acrisius with a quoit while participating in the pentathlum. More famously, this figure rescued Andromeda from a sea monster.

ANSWER: Perseus

[10] In most stories, this hero is said to have accidentally killed his brother Deliades. He went on to use a big block of lead to kill the Chimera before attempting to ride Pegasus up Mt. Olympus.

ANSWER: Bellerophon

[10] This man committed the first-ever murder of a relative when he killed his father-in-law Deioneus to avoid paying the bride-price for his wife Dia. Later, he was bound to a burning wheel for all eternity.

ANSWER: Ixion

9. This process, discovered by Lederberg and Tatum, proceeds with the creation of a nick by a relaxase. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this process, which is performed by Hfr strains via a “mating bridge,” in which a plasmid is transmitted between bacteria.

ANSWER: bacterial conjugation

[10] Inter-kingdom conjugation occurs in the root nodules of plants containing the diazotroph Rhizobia, which fixes this common diatomic gas.

ANSWER: nitrogen

[10] The pilus necessary for conjugation is coded for by this sequence. Bacterial strain names depend on whether this sequence is in the bacterial genome or is a separate plasmid.

ANSWER: fertility factor [or F factor; or F-plasmid; or sex factor]

10. One of her novels stars a governess who works for the Bloomfields and the Murrays, while another of her novels is narrated partly by Gilbert Markham and sees Helen Graham marry Arthur Huntingdon. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this author of Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, who wrote Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell with her sisters.

ANSWER: Anne Bronte [prompt on “Acton Bell;” prompt on “Bronte”]

[10] Emily Bronte’s only novel is this one, which sees Catherine Earnshaw choose to marry Edgar Linton rather than the rakish anti-hero Heathcliff.

ANSWER: Wuthering Heights

[10] While best-known for Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte also wrote some other novels, including this one in which Lucy Snowe falls in love with Paul Emanuel after traveling to the title city.

ANSWER: Villette

11. In the aftermath of this battle, the Norman adventure Roussel de Bailleul proclaimed himself regent of an independent Galatia. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this battle that Roussel wisely refused to fight in, in which the emperor Romanos IV's Turkish mercenaries abandoned him and joined the opposing army, led by Alp Arslan.

ANSWER: Battle of Manzikert [or Battle of Malazgirt]

[10] Alp Arslan was a sultan of this dynasty, based in Hamadan, Kerman, Syria, and Rûm in the 11th to 14th centuries. In 1157, this dynasty took over Baghdad.

ANSWER: Great Seljuk Empire[or Seljuk Dynasty; be lenient on pronunciation]

[10] After Manzikert, the Byzantines were led by Alexios I Komnenos, who pleaded Europe to launch this campaign that ended with formation of namesake states in Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem.

ANSWER: First Crusade [prompt on Crusades] NEED TO CHANGE CLUE

12. Its original formulation involved the positron and electron emitted in pion decay, whose spins are necessarily opposite, and an experimenter who only measures one of them. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this statement, which would appear to suggest that hidden variables exist, as one could then measure the positron's spin as well, giving it two definite values for spin.

ANSWER: EPR paradox [or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox]

[10] The EPR paradox was resolved by this theorem, which suggests that there can't be hidden variables after all in any local theory that attempts to explain quantum mechanical phenomena.

ANSWER: Bell's theorem

[10] Local hidden variable theories assume the incompleteness of this major interpretation of quantum mechanics, named for the northern European city in which Bohr and Heisenberg spent an eventful 1927.

ANSWER: Copenhagen interpretation

13. The central figure of this painting is flanked by a boy raising a pistol and a man in a top hat carrying a musket. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this painting whose titular figure wields a bayonet and walks over a pile of bodies carrying a French flag.

ANSWER: Liberty Leading the People

[10] This French artist of Liberty Leading the People also painted The Death of Sardanopalus and The Massacre at Chios.

ANSWER: Eugene Delacroix

[10] Delacroix also painted this work in which a calm, brown-robed scholar leads the titular figure across a sea of very disgruntled damned souls.

ANSWER: The Barque of Dante [or Dante and Virgil in Hell]

14. Answer these questions about Henry Wadsworth Longfellow characters, for 10 points each:

[10] According to a Longfellow poem about his “midnight ride,” “Hardly a man is now alive, who remembers that famous day and year” in which this man planned to “hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch, of the North Church tower as a signal light.”

ANSWER: Paul Revere

[10] This soldier in the early days of the Plymouth colony ultimately wishes John Alden and Priscilla well after being unable to articulate his own desire for marriage.

ANSWER: Miles Standish [accept either underlined portion]

[10] Paul Flemming is the protagonist of this Longfellow prose work, in which he rejected by Mary Ashburton while mourning the death of a friend. Subtitled “A Romance,” it was published along with his poetry collection Voices in the Night.

ANSWER: Hyperion: A Romance

15. This gospel is the only one to relate the parables of the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal Son, and it is thought to have been written by a Greek physician. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this third and longest gospel in the New Testament that begins with a dedication and a description of the birth of John the Baptist.

ANSWER: Gospel of Luke [or Good News of Luke; accept "according to" instead of "of"]

[10] Luke, Matthew, and Mark comprise this group of three gospels that share many common stories and sequences of miracles.

ANSWER: synoptic gospels

[10] Chapter 1 of Luke contains the text of the Magnificat, a song that Mary sings in response to being greeted by this cousin of hers, the mother of John the Baptist and wife to Zechariah.

ANSWER: Elizabeth

16. This man lost control of his army at the “Field of Lies,” the culmination of a confrontation that started brewing when he issued the Ordinatio Imperii naming his son Lothair co-regent. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this son of Charlemagne.

ANSWER: Louis I [or Louis the Pious; prompt on Louis]

[10] During the power struggle after Louis I’s death, Louis the German and Charles the Bald swore this 842 oath of mutual support against Lothair.

ANSWER: Oath of Strasbourg

[10] An 843 treaty at this site ended the power struggle and partitioned the Carolingian Empire among Louis, Charles, and Lothair. It may be more famous as the site of a bloody 1916 battle.

ANSWER: Treaty of Verdun

17. Resident Evil producer Shinji Mikami asserted that strong sales of this game were due to “aura purchase” rather than its actual quality, while Tim Rogers referred to the experience of playing it as being “alone in a nuclear Disneyworld”. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this 2002 collaboration between Disney and Square Enix in which Donald and Goofy accompany the Keyblade-swinging protagonist, Sora, in his fight against the Heartless.

ANSWER: Kingdom Hearts

[10] The Disney character that appears as the King in the Kingdom Hearts series also stars in this 2010 Wii game, in which he fights the Phantom Blot to rescue Oswald the Lucky Rabbit.

ANSWER: Epic Mickey

[10] Epic Mickey is being designed by Warren Spector, whose other projects include Wing Commander, System Shock, and this 2000 conspiracy-heavy dystopian first-person action RPG, which starred UNATCO agent JC Denton.

ANSWER: Deus Ex

18. It is fueled by the release of gravitational potential energy through contraction. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this process by which stars fuse light elements to form new elements.

ANSWER: stellar nucleosynthesis

[10] Stellar nucleosynthesis cannot form any elements past this one, due to its high nuclear binding energy. This metal is also notably found in hemoglobin, giving the compound its red color.

ANSWER: iron

[10] While larger stars fuse hydrogen into helium through the CNO cycle, smaller stars like the sun do it by this pathway, in which two hydrogen-1 atoms are fused into deuterium, which is followed by the production of helium-3, and finally helium-4.

ANSWER: proton-proton chain

19. This work includes a description of paying respects to Mount Nikko, and at its outset the author describes giving up his home by saying, “In my grass hut / the residents change: / now a dolls' house.” For 10 points each:

[10] Name this travelogue that mentions visits to Tokyo and Hiraizumi.

ANSWER: The Narrow Road to the Deep North [or The Narrow Road to the Interior; or Oku no Hosomichi]

[10] This haiku master wrote such collections as The Seashell Game, which compares choosing the best of two poems to a child's pastime, and Record of a Travel-worn Satchel.

ANSWER: Matsuo Bashō [accept names in either order]

[10] Bashō wrote, along with haiku, many of this type of collaborative poem. The haiku form developed from the form of this type of poem's first stanza, and its masters included the Buddhist monk Sōgi.

ANSWER: renga

20. This concept was defended in a lecture by William James, who claims that, like free will and morality, doing this without evidence was justified. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this belief, which Stephen Jay Gould claimed was irrelevant and could coexist with a certain system through the principle of non-overlaping magisteria.

ANSWER: belief in God(s) [accept clear knowledge equivalents like "belief in a deity/deities" or “belief in a higher power;” prompt on “faith” or “religion”]

[10] St. Anselm and Avicenna both used this type of argument to justify belief in the existence of God. It implies that God must exist because we can imagine that such a perfect being can do so.

ANSWER: ontological argument [or epistemological argument; or argument from ontology]

[10] This argument for the existence of God claims that since everything appears to have a certain order or purpose to its existence, it must have been consciously created by something. William Paley's watchmaker analogy is an example of this type of argument.

ANSWER: teleological argument [or argument from design; or argument from teleology; or argument from telos]

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