Unit 2



Unit 2

Effects of Historical Globalization

Chapter 6: Cultural Contact

Terms

World View

Archaeology

Democracy

Constitution

Colonial

Impacts of First Contact

Depopulation

Displacement

Influence of the Church: Concept of ‘civilization’

The depopulation of the Beothuk

Effects of Cultural Contact in the Past

The extinction of cultural groups. For example, the Beothuk were eradicated from North America.

Aboriginals losing their freedom of movement and being placed on reserves.

The loss of the buffalo in the Plains region of Canada.

A positive effect was the tools that the First Nations acquired from the Europeans.

The Europeans learned of democracy and that all people are equal from the Six Nations Confederacy.

Effects of Cultural Contact in the Present

Residential schools have scarred the Aboriginal people of Canada.

Lost sense of identity

Loss of self-esteem

There is a high unemployment rate for young Aboriginals in Alberta compared to young non-Aboriginals.

In other countries, culture is still threatened by colonialism.

Chapter 7: Historical Globalization and Imperialism

Terms

International Trade – The Silk Road

Mercantilism

Monopoly

Monarchy

Capitalism

Industrial Revolution and Industrialization– it’s relationship with Capitalism, how was it successful? How has it changed our world today?

Monopoly

Early Global Trade and the Silk Road

Global trade has been around for at least 2000 years.

It began with people wanting products that were not available in the region in which they lived in.

The Silk Road provided people in Europe with goods from Asia and the people in Asia with goods from Europe. Along the way, there are many stops and places to trade for other worldly goods.

Organized Trade

European nations controlled international trade to increase their wealth. This was called mercantilism.

Sometimes the monarchs would grant a monopoly in which one company is given the sole right to trade a particular good.

Examples of this were the Dutch East Indian Company (founded in 1602), Compagnie des Cent-Associes (1627), and the Hudson’s Bay Company (1670).

Making a Profit

In the 18th century, people wanted political change in Europe. They wanted to be able to have more rights and freedoms, especially when it came to making money.

They wanted capitalism and a free market.

Key Points of Capitalism:

Individual initiative and the desire for profit motive people to work.

People compete in their own self-interest

Individuals have the right to own private property and to accumulate wealth through the development and use of that property

Most of the production, distribution, and ownership of the goods of a country should be in the hands of private individuals and companies.

Industrialization

Began in Great Britain in the 18th century.

Countries moved from an agricultural based economy to a factory based economy.

The introduction of new inventions such as the spinning jenny and the power loom made cottage industries obsolete.

A result of industrialization was poor working conditions for those who worked in the factories.

Chapter 8: Imperialistic Policies and Practices

Terms:

Imperialism

Raw Material

Market

Colony

Protectorate

Sphere of influence

Free Market

Industrialization

Entrepreneur

Urbanization

Child Labour

Communism

“The White Man’s Burden”

Imperialism

Imperialism occurs when a strong country takes over a weaker country or region.

It was brought about by early mercantilism. Nations sought raw materials in other lands and eventually took control of these lands. Canada is a prime example of this.

Soon these nations set up colonies and more and more people came to live in these colonies. This resulted in the original inhabitants being displaced.

Eurocentric Views

When the Europeans first began going to new worlds, they were searching for resources.

Later though, Europeans felt that they needed to modernize those who they thought were not up to date.

Europeans also took the view that those who were of Indigenous people were little more than commodities or something to be bought and sold. The slave trade is a prime example of this.

Chapter 9: Historical Origins and Contemporary Issues

Terms:

Reserve

Residential school

Indian Act

Lobby group

Statement of Reconciliation

Self-government

Assimilation

The Oka Crisis

Legacies of Imperialism

In the past, Europeans used to have the belief that one race was superior than another and that it was their duty to “civilize” those they believed were not.

In Canada, the relations between Aboriginals and the government are characterized with anger and distrust.

Residential Schools

Under the Indian Act of 1884, attendance in Indian schools was compulsory. Every child under the age of 16 was to attend school until they reached the age of 18.

130 schools existed between 1884 and 1996.

Children were forced to leave their homes and had to live in residences on the school properties.

Children didn’t have contact with their parents for up to 10 months at a time.

They were not allowed to speak their language and were often separated from their siblings to ensure this.

Children suffered from physical and emotional abuse.

Other effects of residential schools included poor self-esteem, loss of parenting skills, inability to speak their own language, loss of culture and identity, separation of family and community, and the feeling of being unloved or uncared for.

In 1998, the government issued an official apology to the former students of residential schools.

Since then, many people have been compensated for what happened to them while they attended these schools.

Approximately 86 000 are eligible for compensation.

Historical Imperialism and Civil Strife

There are many instances where imperialism in the past has led to civil strife and violence in the present.

An example of this in Canada was the Oka Strife. This occurred in 1990 and lasted 78 days. It was a land claim dispute in Quebec that resulted in barricades and violence. There was one police officer killed during the crisis.

People to know:

Christopher Columbus

Adam Smith

John Stuart Mill

Robert Owen

Karl Marx

Final Exam: 50 MC Questions

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