Charts and Graphs
PowerPoint Questions:
1. What are 5 reasons that charts should be created?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
BAR CHARTS:
1. Draw a simple Bar Chart.
2. What are BAR CHARTS used to compare?
1. Used for comparing items that are ________________ on each other-also comparisons between unrelated variables.
2. Bar graphs are a family of charts that display _________ information by means of a series of vertical rectangles.
3. Bar Charts are frequently used to compare _________________ or to show
how one or more entireties vary over time.
3. What is Quantitative Data?
4. Each bar represents a _________________, and a complete set of columns makes up a data set.
5. Bar graphs generally have one _________ scale on the vertical axis, and a ____________ or sequence scale (such as a time scale) along the horizontal axis.
6. These charts are useful when trying to compare a number of __________ or categories against each other.
Examples of discrete sets:
7. What is the difference between a Bar chart and a Column chart?
8. Other names include:
LINE CHART:
1. Draw a simple line chart.
2. When is a Line Graph used?
1. Used for ___________________ and relationships over time.
2. Unlike bar charts, where the differences between the points are the main interest, in X-Y graphs, it is the similarities that are interesting, especially the groupings that the data takes on due to the manipulation of the _____________________.
Examples:
3. Line charts are good for showing __________ of continuous data, usually involving time.
4. An ______________ is a line chart with the area between the line and the x-axis is shaded.
5. Draw a simple area chart.
PIE CHART:
1. Draw a simple Pie chart.
2. When is a Pie Chart used?
1. Used for showing parts of a whole or ____________________.
2. Pie graphs _____________ the components of a set to each other and to the whole.
3. Pie graphs are a member of an entire family of _________________ graphs.
4. Examples:
3. The angle of the area of each slice (sometimes called a _________________) is
the same percent of the total circle as the data it represents.
4. Pie graph data may be __________________ or simultaneous in time and may be linked more by meaning than by physical proximity or sequence.
Scatter Plots:
1. Draw a scatter plot.
2. Used to get a visual representation of the _________________ or correlation between two ___________________ using the x-y graph method of plotting.
3. Usually the lines connecting the data points are ______________ connected.
Histogram:
1. Draw a simple Histogram:
2. Histograms are bar charts that display frequencies or relative frequencies in the form of ________________________________________ bars.
3. Histograms can be used to see the ____________of the distribution and to determine whether the data are distributed ___________________.
4. Histograms are "________________." There is one variable and data is sorted by this variable by placing them into "boxes.”
5. The number of pieces of data in each box is _________________
6. The ______________________ of the rectangle drawn on top of each box is proportional to the number of pieces in that box.
7. A bar graph has several ___________________ of different items that are compared.
8. The main question a histogram answers is: "How many _______________ are there in each of the classes of measurements?"
9. The main question a bar graph answers is: "What is the _______________ for each item?" Here are some examples:
1.
|Situation |Bar Graph or Histogram? |
|We want to compare total income of five different people. | |
| |_____________________ Key question: What is the |
| |revenue for each person? |
|We have measured revenues of several people. We want to compare | |
|numbers of people that make from 0 to 10,000; from 10,000 to |_____________________ Key question: How many people |
|20,000; from 20,000 to 30,000 and so on. |are in each class of revenues? |
|We want to compare heights of ten basketball players on a team. | |
| |_____________________ Key question: What is the |
| |height of each player? |
|We have measured several players. We want to compare numbers of | |
|players that are from 5-5.5 feet high; from 5.5-6; from 6-6.5 and |_____________________ Key question: How many players |
|so on. |are there in each class of heights? |
10. When would you choose to graph using a Histogram vs. a Bar Graph?
Parts of a Graph:
1. _________________The reference lines in a coordinate system. The X-axis is the _______________reference, and the Y-axis is the _______________reference.
2. _____________ Describes the data the chart is symbolizing.
3. _____________ An explanatory list of symbols on a chart (needed when you graph multiple data sets).
4. _____________ Are needed for linking the chart to the information being displayed. If charted data has labels in the spreadsheet, the labels should be carried over to the chart.
5. Label the parts below:
[pic]
Basic Rules for Creating a Chart:
1. Use _________ paper, a __________ program, or graphing program such as Excel.
2. Decide on the correct ____________ of chart or graph.
3. Determine the _______________ value number to be plotted on each axis and make sure the scale is ______________ enough to use at least half of the paper in both directions.
4. Plot the __________________________ or control variable on the x-axis.
5. The dependent variable is plotted on the ____________________
6. _______________ the axes and give units to those labels.
7. All graphs should have a ____________________. A good title that always works is "y" as a function of "x."
8. Most graphs should start at the _________________-- (x = 0, y = 0). There are exceptions like graphing ____________________________ If the lowest temperature is 37o C start at 35 o C. This is because 0 o C is not the lowest temperature.
9. Number the x- and y-axis with a _____________________numerical sequence or pattern starting with 0 to space out your data so it fills the entire graph. Use a ruler for straight lines.
10. If 2 or more lines are plotted on a graph, a ____________________ is necessary. A different hue or symbol should be used for each line.
11. The color of the background of the graph, and the lines on the graph should be _____________________________________ from each other.
12. The color of lines on a multi-line graph should be ______________________ from each other.
13. General Advice for graphs:
1. Keep graphs _____________ -- make the data do the talking. Don’t "liven" up you chart with extra colors, 3D, or pictures. Interesting data captures an audience’s attention more than any graphic or special printing effect could.
2. Use _____________________ titles and labels - let the audience think about what the data means, not what the data is or could be.
3. Be__________________ with the axes -- Do not exchange scales or perspectives to gain a falsely perceived advantage.
4. 3D may not be a good idea because the data may appear ____________, can be misinterpreted, or may be misleading.
5. A demonstration of problematic 3D perspective: the chart on the left clearly shows that _________________ edged out Dole in Florida.
6. When Excel shows this data in _____________ format, it is impossible to clearly tell if anyone won or if it was a tie.
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