Test Review on DNA Structure, DNA Replication



Study Guide for DNA Structure, DNA Replication

and Gene Expression (Transcription and Translation): Chapter 8

Be able to explain the structure and function of DNA.

• Understand that DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides and be able to describe this shape.

• Know the three parts of a nucleotide.

• Understand that the nitrogen base is the part of the nucleotide that forms the genetic code, and be able to name the four possible nitrogen bases in a DNA nucleotide.

• Know how the nucleotides are organized in the strands

• Know the complementary nitrogen base pairings

Be able to explain the overall process of DNA replication including:

• The roles of the enzymes helicase and DNA polymerase

• Origin of each strand in the daughter DNA molecules

• When and where the process occurs

Understand that each gene is the information to build one protein or polypeptide chain in a protein.

Be able to explain that gene expression (producing the protein encoded by a gene) involves two steps, transcription and translation.

Transcription:

• Be able to explain the purpose of transcription

• Be able to compare and contrast DNA and RNA (at least 3 differences)

• Be able to explain the process of transcription including the role of RNA polymerase

• Be able to explain the processing of eukaryotic mRNA (removal of introns)

Translation

• Be able to explain the process of translation including:

▪ The purpose of translation

▪ The site of translation

▪ Structure of a tRNA molecule. Be able to compare and contrast the structure and function of mRNA molecules and tRNA molecules.

▪ Be able to explain what a codon is in mRNA and an anticodon in tRNA

▪ Be able to interpret a genetic code chart to determine what amino acid sequence will be produced from a given mRNA sequence

▪ Understand that the genetic code is universal in all organisms and know the significance of this for biotechnology.

Be able to define mutation and mutagen. Know the difference between a point mutation (missense mutation) and a frameshift mutation (nonsense mutation).

Useful websites:



................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download