Mr. Eddlem



Study Guide for Test on Jacksonian Democracy

1 Basic Concepts

Explain the arguments for and against the Second Bank of the United States.

Explain the arguments for and against nullification, especially with respect to the Tariff of Abominations.

Explain the difference in tone between the Jackson and Adams administration (especially the way they dealt with friends and opponents).

Explain the impact and conduct of the United States government toward Native American tribes generally and the Cherokees in particular.

2 Vocabulary

John Quincy Adams

Andrew Jackson

Election of 1824 – No electoral college majority

“corrupt bargain”

Democratic Party

Henry Clay

Whig Party/National Republican Party

“American System”

Seminoles

“Spoils system”

“Tariff of Abominations” 1828

“Nullification” crisis

Hayne-Webster debate

“Force bill”

John Calhoun

Second Bank of the U.S.

Nicholas Biddle

McCullough v. Maryland

Daniel Webster

Specie Circular (1836)

Cotton gin

Robert Fulton

Railroads

Anti-Masonry Party

Captain William Morgan

Nat Turner Rebellion

Calhoun's theory of the “concurrent majority”

A Disquisition on Government

James Fenimore Cooper (Last of the Mohicans)

Washington Irving

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Name: _________________________________ Period: ________

Practice Test for Chapter Jacksonian Democracy

I. Fill in the blanks.

1. Andrew Jackson captured Florida for the United States with his war against the Indian ________________ tribe, just months before Monroe's Secretary of State _______________________ signed a treaty with Spain conceding the territory to the United States.

2. The tariff act of 1828 was called _____________________________________ because it raised taxes on imports to record levels. This provoked hostility in the South, especially from the State of South Carolina, which threatened to ____________________________ the law. The controversy prompted a famous debate between South Carolina Senator Robert Hayne and Massachusetts Senator _________________________________ that is considered one of the greatest debates in the history of legislatures.

3. The leading figure in the National Republican Party (and later, the Whig Party) is House Speaker ______________________, who pursued a policy he called ___________________________.

4. The “Force bill” sought by President Jackson would ______________________________________.

5. The U.S. Supreme Court said that the Second Bank of the United States could not be taxed by states in the case of _______________ v. _______________________. The senator who argued against the tax was ___________________________________, who was employed to do so by bank President ________________________________. The bank president sought renewal of the bank four years before the 20-year charter by Congress was scheduled to expire in the year _________.

6. President Jackson dumped his first term Vice President _______________________ in favor of ______________________________, in part because the first vice president opposed Jackson on the issue of ______________________ .

7. After vetoing the bank bill, President Jackson ordered the withdrawal of all U.S. deposits from the bank and ordered that all U.S. federal land be sold only for payment in gold or silver, an executive order called the ________________________. The executive order was carried out by Jackson's successor as President, ______________________, who presided over a severe economic recession called the ___________________________________.

8. Eli Whitney invented the ___________________, which helped accelerate the spread of slavery across the South.

9. Several years after the murder of Captain ____________________ in upstate New York, a national political party named ______________________ was organized nominally against a secretive fraternal organization and practically against President Jackson, who was a member of that fraternity.

___________________ invented the steamboat, which made powered sea travel possible.

10. American literature took off during the 1820s and 1830s, including the publication of The Scarlet Letter by _________________________________ . Also, Washington Irving published short stories such as _____________________________. Also, the frontier epic Last of the Mohicans was published by _____________________________.

11. The 1831 slave rebellion by __________________ set afire the fears of slave-owning white Southerners about blacks in America, particularly in the deep South where blacks outnumbered whites in some areas.

12. If nobody wins a majority in the presidential election in the __________________________, then the U.S. Constitution requires that the President be selected by the _____________________________. This happened in the presidential election of 1800 and 18____.

II. Short answer: Answer in complete sentences. (Except where bullet points are indicated)

What was the act that Andrew Jackson called the “corrupt bargain”?

John Quincy Adams gave Henry Clay the Secretary of State Job in exchange for support for his Presidency in the House of Representatives (of which Clay was Speaker).

Explain in two complete sentences the meaning of John Calhoun's theory of the “concurrent majority.”

Every law should be approved by each interest group or section in a country, as well as by the majority in a country. By this, Calhoun meant sections of the country (South and North).

Using bullet points, summarize at least three arguments for and and three arguments against renewal of the Second Bank of the United States charter.

For

As guard against panics

Stronger central government financially

Easier to borrow (government) during a war or emergency

Currency/price stability

Against

Too much risk of inflation

Lack of price stability

Encourages debt during peacetime and non-emergencies

Too much of a public-private mix (Second bank gave profits to private investors)

Unconstitutional

Outline at least three historical precedents for nullification preceding the nullification crisis of 1829-33.

1. Protest against the Stamp Act by British Parliament (1765)

2. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798)

3. New England Merchants tried to nullify Jefferson's non-importation act (1807)

4. Hartford Convention (1814) talked about nullification of possible military draft, war efforts, taxes, etc.

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