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Name: ___________________________Date:____________Directions: In this activity, you will each open the assigned PowerPoint, read the contents, watch the embedded videos, and complete the packet. I will present each slide to you, you will have must fill in the missing information or answer the questions that correspond with the video/slide. You may have to pause the videos in order to completely answer the questions. This work is individual work so please work on it by yourself, as always if you need some extra help or support please let me know. You must do your own work.PEDIGREEAMOEBA SISTERSWhat is a pedigree? What can it do? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In pedigrees, what do circles represent? __________________________________________________What do squares represent? ____________________________________________________________What do the roman numerals mean? _____________________________________________________Why are some shapes shaded? __________________________________________________________What is an autosomal recessive trait? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why can’t the father, in the very first example, be “ee”? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why can’t the father, in the very first example, be “EE”? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is the father’s genotype? __________________________________________________________What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In the example above, is the father homozygous or heterozygous? Why? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How many generations are in the “Family Reunion” example? _______________________________How many females are in this example? __________________________________________________How many males are in this example? ____________________________________________________How many females carry autosomal recessive traits, in the “Family Reunion” example? _____________________________________________________________________________________How many males carry autosomal recessive traits, in the “Family Reunion” example? _____________________________________________________________________________________ How many females do not carry autosomal recessive traits, in the “Family Reunion” example? _____________________________________________________________________________________How many males do not carry autosomal recessive traits, in the “Family Reunion” example? _____________________________________________________________________________________How many siblings does “dad” have? ____________________________________________________How many siblings does “mom” have? ___________________________________________________What is the phenotype of the paternal grandfather? ________________________________________What is the phenotype of the paternal grandmother? _______________________________________In the “Family Reunion”, what is Individual 9’s genotype? __________________________________SEX LINKED PEDIGREEWhat are two sex-linked trait examples from the video? _____________________________________Why would all females be labeled “XX”? What does “XX” mean? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Males have what kind of chromosome? ___________________________________________________Why is individual #3 shaded? ___________________________________________________________How do you write the recessive traits on the chromosomes? __________________________________What would XrY mean? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What would XRY mean? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are the two genotypes females can be? ______________________________________________What does a female genotype look like if she is a carrier? ____________________________________What is Individual #1’s genotype in Generation I, II, III? ___________________________________How do you know if Individual 1 from Generation I is or is not a carrier? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are the possible genotypes of Individual 2 Generation II? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are the possible genotypes of Individual 4 Generation II? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How would these example pedigrees differ from a Dominant Trait? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What does a symbol that is half shaded mean in a pedigree? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________VOCABAutosomal gene- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ X-linked gene- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Dominant- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Recessive- __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PEDIGREE CHARTSHow many males are in the chart provided? _________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many females are in the chart provided? ________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many generations are represented in the chart provided? ___________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many females are affected? __________________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many males are affected? ___________________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many females are deceased? _________________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many males are deceased? ___________________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many females are deceased? _________________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many children did Generation I have? _________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many individuals in Generation II are married? __________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many children does Individual 3 have? ________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many male children does Individual 3 have? ____________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many female children does Individual 3 have? __________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many affected children does Individual 3 have? __________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many unaffected children does Individual 3 have? ________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many children does Individual 6 have? ________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many male children does Individual 6 have? ____________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many female children does Individual 6 have? __________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many affected children does Individual 6 have? __________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many unaffected children does Individual 6 have? _________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many children does Individual 8 have? ________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many male children does Individual 8 have? ____________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many female children does Individual 8 have? __________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many affected children does Individual 8 have? __________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many unaffected children does Individual 8 have? _________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many children does Individual 9 have? _________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many male children does Individual 9 have? ____________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many female children does Individual 9 have? ___________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many affected children does Individual 9 have? _________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________How many unaffected children does Individual 9 have? _____________________________________________________________________________________Explain how you determined the answer above. _____________________________________________________________________________________WHAT IS A PEDIGREE?Define “Pedigree” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are they used for? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Explain the example used? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CONSTRUCTING A PEDIGREEDraw the symbol for Females ____________________________________________________________Draw the symbol for Males ______________________________________________________________CONNECTING PEDIGREE SYMBOLSHow can you tell, by looking at the example, that the twins are fraternal? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How can you tell, by looking at the example, that the twins are identical? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CONNECTING PEDIGREE SYMBOLS (RELATIONSHIP)How can you tell, by looking at the example, that individuals are married? _____________________________________________________________________________________How can you tell, by looking at the example, that individuals have children? _____________________________________________________________________________________EXAMPLEHow many generations are in the example provided? __________________________________________How many females are in the example? ____________________________________________________How many males are in the example? ______________________________________________________How many children does Generation I have? ________________________________________________How many male children does Generation I have? ____________________________________________How many female children does Generation I have? __________________________________________How many of those children in Generation I have children of their own? __________________________ SYMBOLS IN A PEDIGREE CHARTDraw and label all the symbols providedThese are examples of different types of symbols. These symbols would be the _____________________ for __________________ or for _________________, except for _________________________ carrier which is only used for females. So an affected male would be a square that is ___________________________ in completely. A deceased female would be a circle with a diagonal slash.INTERPRETING A PEDIGREE CHARTWhen interpreting a pedigree chart of a family with a disease like muscular dystrophy, it is important to consider two steps. The first is to determine if the disorder is ____________________________ or ____________________________________________.If the disorder is ___________________________ most of the males will have the disorder because the _____________________________ cannot mask the affects of an affected X-chromosome. A female can have the disorder, but it would be a very _______________________ percentage. For a female to be affected, she would have had to receive an ________________________ gene from the mother and the ___________________________. This means that the ___________________ would have the disorder and the ___________________ was a carrier.INTERPRETING A PEDIGREE CHART (CONT.)In an autosomal disorder, the disorder is ______________ found on the X or Y chromosome. It is found on the other _________________ chromosomes in the human body. This means that men and women have an __________________ chance of having the disorder. The mother and father can be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive. If a person is _____________________ dominant, the person has two of the same dominant genes. For example, if someone is _____________dominant for being tall it may be represented as TT. Capital letter always represent a ___________________gene. If a person is ____________________, this person would have a dominant trait and a recessive trait. It may be represent as Tt. The ______________ gene will mask the recessive gene, so the person is still tall. If a person is _________________________recessive, the person has two of the ____________________ recessive genes. For example if someone is homozygous ________________________ for height, it may be represented as tt. The tt would mean the person is __________________________.INTERPRETING A PEDIGREE CHART (CONT.2)Determine if the pedigree chart shows an autosomal or X-linked disease.If most of the males in the pedigree are affected the disorder is ________________________________________________________________________ If it is a 50/50 ratio between men and women the disorder is _____________________________.EXAMPLE OF PEDIGREE CHARTS (1)Is it Autosomal or X-linked? _____________________________________________________________Why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________INTERPRETING A PEDIGREE CHART (DOMINANT OR RECESSIVE?)If the disorder is ________________________________, one of the parents must have the disorder.If the disorder is _________________________________, neither parent has to have the disorder because they can be ________________________________.DOMINANT OR RECESSIVE?The second step is to determine if the disorder is _________________________ or ___________________________. For example, Huntington’s disease is a _________________________ disorder. If you have only _________________________ dominant gene you ________________________ have Huntington’s disease, which is a lethal disorder. The disorder does not show up until a person is in their middle ages such as 45. It will quickly decrease their motor skills and the brain will begin to deteriorate.DOMINANT?If a disorder is _____________________________, one parent must have the disorder (either _____________________ dominant (TT) or _____________________ recessive (Tt). Both parents ______________________ have to have the disorder. One parent _________________ have the disorder or be a ________________________. If a disease is _____________________, it does not skip a generation unless one parent is _________________________________ and the other parent is ________________________________________. In this case the child has a chance of not receiving the dominant gene.RECESSIVE?If the disorder is _____________________________________, a parent does not have to have the disorder, but ________________________________ pass it to their offspring. This would happen when a parent is ________________________________ and passes on the _______________________________________ gene. This means this disorder ______________________________ generations. An example of a ______________________________ disorder would be sickle cell anemia. EXAMPLE OF PEDIGREE CHARTS (2)Is this example Dominant or recessive? _____________________________________________________Why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________EXAMPLE OF PEDIGREE CHARTS (3)Is this example Dominant or recessive? _____________________________________________________Why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SUMMARYPedigrees are _________________________________ that explain your _____________________________.Pedigrees are used to find out the __________________________ of a child having a disorder in a particular family.To begin to interpret a pedigree, determine if the disease or condition is ________________________________________ and _______________________ or ___________________________________________.PEDIGREE CHART -CYSTIC FIBROSISExplain, in detail, all the information that can be determined by this chart. Number of females, number of males, number of generations, how many children from each generation, how many marriages, how many affected females, and how many affected males (in each generation).Explain how you know and determined this information.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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