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End of Course Exam termsAllusion a reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing well known from literature, history, religion, pop culture, etc. Literary allusion A reference to a person, place, or thing from previous literature; The three most popular sources: Bible, Shakespeare, & mythology Historical allusion references to characters or events from history Classical allusion references to characters or events from Greek Mythology Aside in drama, lines spoken by a character in an undertone or aloud directly to the audience (assumed not to be heard by other actors) Monologue a long, uninterrupted speech presented in front of other characters Soliloquy in drama, a character speaks alone on stage to allow his/her thoughts and ideas to be conveyed to the audience Dialogue the lines spoken by characters in drama or fiction Onomatopoeia the use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning Repetition repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis Alliteration use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse Slant rhyme rhymes involving sounds that are similar but not exactly the same Internal rhyme a rhyme created by two or more words in the same line of verse. Theme the general idea or insight about life that a work of literature reveals End rhyme Rhyme that occurs at the end of two or more lines of poetry Character a person or animal who takes part in the action of a literary work Plot the sequence of events in a story Tone The attitude of the author toward the audience and characters (e.g., serious or humorous). Mood the feeling created in a reader by a literary work or passage Flashback a scene or event from the past that appears in a narrative out of chronological order, to fill in information or explain something in the present Foreshadowing the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot Parody a humorous imitation intended for ridicule or comic effect, esp. in literature and art Paradox a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. Allegory The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. Third person omniscient the narrator is outside the story, a god-like observer who can tell the reader what the characters are thinking and feeling, uses he/she/it pronouns Third person limited the narrator has full access to one character's thoughts, motives, and feelings, uses he/she/it pronouns Third person objective the narrator is outside the story who reporting only on what the character do and say First person When the narrator of the story uses "I" to describe events. (ex - "I went down my back steps and there, in front of me, was the thing that terrified me.") Dramatic irony When the audience knows something that the characters in the story/play do not Verbal irony occurs when what is said contradicts what is meant or thought Situational irony An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does Pun a "play on words" based on the multiple meanings of a single word or on words that sound alike but mean different things Hyperbole a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor Personification A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes Metaphor a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as, than, or resembles Simile a figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared,using "like," "as," or "seems" Idiom An expression that cannot be understood if taken literally (ex- "Get your head out of the clouds"). Ad nauseam to the point of sickness Hoi polloi the common people; the masses Tabula rasa literally blank slate (latin); something new, fresh, unmarked or uninfluenced Alpha and omega the beginning and the end irony a contrast between expectation and reality Caveat emptor let the buyer beware, the buyer takes the risk Carte blanche complete freedom or authority to act Joie de vivre a keen enjoyment of living Status quo the existing state of affairs Avant-garde cutting edge, or ahead of one's times, usually used to describe fashion, art, or architecture Prima donna Leading female singer in an opera, or a proud selfish woman, literally "first woman" E pluribus unum one out of many Verbatim Word for word Esprit de corps spirit of a body of persons; group spirit Femme fatale a dangerous, seductive female, literally "fatal woman" Cum laude a person graduating with a GPA of 3.4-3.59, literally "with honor" Alma mater the college or school that one attended or graduated from Bon voyage French for "have a good trip" Du jour of the day Faux pas a slip in manners or conduct; a social blunder, literally "false not" Déjà vu a sensation that an experience is familiar or previously experienced Misuse of statistics a persuasive device that involves twisting numbers and statistics to prove one's point Snob appeal appeal suggest that you can be like the wealthy, well-dressed people who support this product Plain folks a persuasive device that is an attempt to identify with common, everyday people RSVP Respondez s'il vous plait; means: Please answer Sequential structure describes a text that lists events in step-by-step order Problem-solution structure describes a text that presents the problem first followed by suggestions for a solution Comparison-contrast structure describes a text that examines two or more texts, objects, or ideas and discusses their similarities and differences Cause-effect structure describes a text that presents an event, starting first with the cause, followed last by the effect Analogy a comparison made between two things to show how they are alike Parallel structure the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity Chronological structure describes a text that presents events as they happened in time order Rhetorical questions a persuasive device that poses questions that are not meant to be answered but are to encourage the audience to think about an issue Ad hominem a logical fallacy in which a speaker attacks the credibility or character of his or her opponent False dilemma a logical fallacy that suggests there are only two choices in a matter False analogy a logical fallacy that compares two significantly incomparable cases Appeal to fear a logical fallacy that attempts to use fear to persuade the audience to adopt a specific way of thinking Bandwagon a persuasive device that suggests the reader should do, think, or buy something because it is popular or everyone is doing it Loaded words a persuasive device that uses words that are emotionally charged--either positively or negatively. Testimonial a persuasive device that uses a famous person or personality to endorse a product or idea Name-calling a persuasive device in which the speaker or writer calls the opposing voice names ................
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