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CHAPTER 3 – Liberal and Social Theories
INT 412 – Contemporary Globalization
Answers to the following questions are DUE: Sunday, February 8, 2015
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The most destructive war in 2012 was located in __________; and in 2013 French forces entered
__________, in sub-Saharan Africa, to repel a rebellion against that nation’s government.
A) Jordan, Mozambique
B) Syria, Mali
C) Libya, Angola
D) Kosovo, Kenya
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
2. With respect to warfare, __________.
A) the long-term trend is that there are fewer wars but more people being killed in them
B) the advances in technology lead us to fear annihilation of the world more than destruction of a city
C) major wars will continue regardless of trends toward fewer wars
D) today’s most serious conflicts consist mainly of skirmishing rather than all-out battles
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
3. That trade increases wealth, cooperation, global well-being, and, ultimately, peace is
__________.
A) a key belief of orthodox Marxism
B) an explanation by Thomas Hobbes of how peace and cooperation are possible
C) a theory developed to facilitate greater sovereignty
D) an explanation by Immanuel Kant of how peace and cooperation are possible
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
4. Realists argue that one states’ reliance on another spurs __________ tensions in short term
contexts.
A) productive
B) fewer
C) balanced
D) more
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
5. International regimes __________.
A) can exist only when there is a concentration of power in the international system
B) can exist only when there is a dispersion of power in the international system
C) are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions
D) are weaker when embedded in permanent institutions
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
6. The first attempt at creating a collective security system was the __________.
A) United Nations
B) League of Nations
C) European Community
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
7. With respect to international regimes, which of the following statements is true?
A) The concept of international regimes includes elements of liberalism but not realism.
B) International regimes coordinate the behavior of states to assist them in overcoming collective-
goods problems.
C) International regimes assist states in realizing their interests even when they could do so through
unilateral Apply What You Knows of leverage.
D) International regimes are actors that are more important in the international system than are
states.
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
8. Which of the following is true regarding international regimes?
A) They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors
converge in a certain issue area.
B) They can help solve gender gap problems by increasing transparency.
C) They undermine the concept of sovereignty.
D) They deconstruct frameworks to coordinate states’ actions.
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
9. Which of the following IGOs perform collective security functions?
A) The African Union
B) The Organization of Islamic Conference
C) The Organization of Armenian States
D) The Southern League
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
10. Which of the following is true?
A) Democracies almost never fight each other.
B) Democracies are generally more peaceful than authoritarian governments.
C) A country in transition to democracy is as peaceful as a stable democratic country.
D) A country in transition to democracy is as peaceful as a stable authoritarian country.
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
11. UN cooperative defense is an example of __________.
A) regional stability
B) hegemonic stability
C) collective security
D) bandwagoning
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
12. The first Gulf War against Iraq is considered as an example of __________.
A) deterrence
B) preventive war
C) preemptive war
D) collective security
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
13. How can liberal theories of IR be distinguished from realism?
A) Realism believes people learn from negative historical events, whereas liberalists believe they
learn from positive ones.
B) Realism is less likely to believe in the unitary-actor assumption than liberal theories.
C) Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of
IR as evolving incrementally.
D) Realists favor absolute gains, whereas liberals favor relative gains.
Skill Level: Analyze It
14. The success of collective security depends on __________.
A) the presence of a UN Security Council resolution
B) a formal treaty that outlines the member commitments
C) the aggressor being internationally isolated and therefore easy to oppose
D) the level of commitment and agreement among member states
Skill Level: Analyze It
15. That there is a multiplicity of experiences and perspectives that defy easy categorization rather than a solitary, objective reality is a key idea of __________.
A) Marxism
B) militarism
C) modernism
D) postmodernism
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
16. What does postmodernism fundamentally call into question altogether?
A) The concept of states as actor
B) International organizations
C) Nuclear proliferation among developing nations
D) The concept of state sovereignty
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
17. Which of the following do postmodernists mainly focus on when attempting to deconstruct dominant beliefs?
A) Human behavior
B) State behavior
C) Discourse
D) Psychology
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
18. Which of the following is a critique of realism from the postmodern perspective?
A) State interests are objective.
B) A single set of values or interests applies to all states.
C) States are not the central actor in IR.
D) International institutions are important actors in IR.
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
19. Which of the following countries represent recent examples of armed struggle by a nation’s
people for regime change?
A) Vietnam and Indonesia
B) Martinique and Qatar
C) Mali and Colombia
D) Syria and Libya
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
20. For postmodernists, the breakup of the Soviet Union into 15 sovereign states is evidence of a
problem with which belief of realists? States __________.
A) are the central actors in IR
B) pursue objective interests through international power politics
C) have universal interests
D) are unitary
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
21. Constructivists argue that state identities are constructed through socialization. Based on the
definition of the term, which of the following are likely agents of socialization?
A) Philanthropic institutions
B) Elements of power
C) Education
D) Private discourse
Skill Level: Analyze It
22. Who was the revolutionary who believed that Russia should make its greatest ambition the
spreading of revolution to other nations in order to build a worldwide alliance?
A) Chairman Mao
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Fidel Castro
D) Mikhail Bulgakov
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
23. Marxist approaches to IR hold that both IR and domestic politics arise from unequal
relationships between __________.
A) political elites
B) economic classes
C) governmental agencies
D) economic agencies
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
24. The theory of imperialism that argued that European capitalists were investing in colonies where
they could earn big profits, and then using part of those profits to buy off the working class back home, was developed by __________.
A) Stalin
B) Lenin
C) Mao
D) Marx
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
25. Nonviolent approaches were successfully spread in the U.S. during the 1960s by civil rights
leader __________.
A) Karl Marx
B) Martin Luther King
C) Malcolm X
D) Stokely Carmichael
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
26. What approach was utilized to decide whether Serbs or Bosnians would get the city of Brcko?
A) Citizen diplomacy
B) Militarism
C) Arbitration
D) Confidence-building
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
27. The glorification of war and military force, and the structuring of society around war, is known
as __________.
A) the military-industrial complex
B) national security
C) militarism
D) warrior cult
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
28. Scholars of peace studies emphasize the __________ level of analysis when recommending
strategies for achieving peace.
A) individual
B) national
C) international
D) global
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
29. The leader of India’s struggle for independence from Britain who emphasized nonviolence was
__________.
A) Nelson Mandela
B) Indira Gandhi
C) Golda Meir
D) Mahatma Gandhi
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
30. Positive peace __________.
A) is the absence of war
B) resolves the underlying reasons for war
C) is the absence of war between great powers
D) sets the stage for the next war
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
31. Which of the following describes the levels of analysis on which peace studies focuses?
A) Individual and interstate
B) Global and interstate
C) Individual, domestic, and global
D) Interstate, individual, and global
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
32. In the early 1970s Pakistan passed messages between China and the U.S., leading to a
breakthrough in relations between those two nations. This illustrates the concept of __________.
A) mediation
B) citizen diplomacy
C) arbitration
D) linkage
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
33. Which is likely the most significant obstacle to using a strategy such as unilateral pacifism or
nonviolence, given the context of the Prisoner’s Dilemma?
A) National interests
B) Social injustice
C) Lack of communication
D) Lack of trust
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
34. In terms of their beliefs about objectivity, peace studies scholars are most comparable to
__________.
A) realists
B) liberalists
C) Marxists
D) postmodernists
Skill Level: Analyze It
35. Proponents of positive peace call for which of the following?
A) Emphasis on war as a method of state expansion
B) The deconstruction of a global identity transcending national, ethnic, and religious divisions
C) The strengthening of norms against the use of violence
D) The elimination of armed forces
Skill Level: Analyze It
36. __________ rallied the French in defeating the English, in the 15th century.
A) Joan of Arc
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Margaret Thatcher
D) Boudica
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
37. __________ do not believe there is any fixed, inherent meaning or essence in the female gender.
A) Postmodern feminists
B) Poststructuralist feminists
C) Difference feminists
D) Liberal feminists
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
38. __________ feminists find important differences between men and women that are arbitrary and
flexible, whereas __________ feminists consider those differences trivial.
A) Revolutionary, postmodern
B) Postmodern, liberal
C) Liberal, difference
D) Difference, revolutionary
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
39. An international system based on feminine principles would include which of the following
characteristics?
A) Independence of states
B) Respect for sovereignty outweighing human rights
C) Responsibility of the people to care for each other regardless of national borders
D) Violence as a form of leverage being the most prevalent choice
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
40. A __________ feminist focuses on valorizing the feminine and valuing the unique contributions
of women as women, a __________ feminist tends to reject the assumptions about gender made by other feminists, and a__________ feminist seek to include women more often as subjects of study.
A) liberal, constructivist, postmodern
B) postmodern, revolutionary, militarist
C) revolutionary, pacifist, liberal
D) difference, postmodern, liberal
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
41. With respect to the impact of gender on war and peace, difference feminists believe that
__________.
A) men are inherently more peaceful than women
B) women are inherently more peaceful than men
C) neither men nor women are more peaceful than the other
D) war would be less likely with more women as combatants
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
42. When women won the right to vote after World War I they __________.
A) voted for peace and against war
B) established a newsletter, Sisterly Voices, in order to express their views on elections
C) generally voted like their husbands
D) changed the nature of foreign policy with their votes
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
43. With respect to women in the military, __________.
A) the evidence suggests that they perform well in a variety of military roles
B) only the United States excludes them from combat roles
C) the United States allows women to serve as mechanics, pilots, and on submarines
D) low performance ratings in training have kept them out of combat roles
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
44. With respect to women in politics, __________.
A) the number of women serving in legislatures is increasing
B) the number of women serving in political party leadership positions is increasing
C) they tend to be softer on tough foreign policy issues than their male counterparts
D) they are more peaceful and less committed to state sovereignty than male leaders
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
45. In order for women to have a profound influence on IR, they need to __________.
A) adopt the realist beliefs of men
B) participate as combatants in regional conflicts
C) have positions as state leaders rather than in the foreign policy bureaucracy
D) participate in key foreign policy positions in large numbers around the world
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
46. Which of the following statements describe a feminist argument with respect to IR?
A) Gender is typically irrelevant for understanding how IR works because most heads of state are
male.
B) Femininity is associated with private and domestic areas, whereas masculinity is associated with
public and political spaces.
C) Males influence IR more often through nonstate channels than females do.
D) The gender identity of actors does not affect their views and decision processes.
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
47. An example of a postmodern feminist approach to an assessment of military force should include
the _________.
A) roles of commanding officers and military wives
B) support of common security
C) deconstruction of progressive language
D) roles of prostitutes at military bases and military wives
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
48. Difference feminists argue that realism involves assumptions of masculinity because of the
principle of __________.
A) unified actors
B) permanent alliances
C) pursuit of local interest
D) anarchic international politics and ordered domestic politics
Skill Level: Analyze It
49. The historical facts that Margaret Thatcher went to war to recover the Falkland Islands from
Argentina, Indira Gandhi led a war against Pakistan, and Golda Meir led a war against Syria and Egypt contrast with the assumptions of which branch of feminism?
A) Liberal feminism
B) Difference feminism
C) Postmodern feminism
D) Revolutionary feminism
Skill Level: Analyze It
50. How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism?
A) Difference feminists believe individual women in foreign policy and the military differ from
their male counterparts, whereas liberal feminists believe women as a group do not differ.
B) Difference feminists believe women can be just as realist as men, whereas liberal feminists
believe realism reflects a masculine perception of social relations.
C) Difference feminists believe that women’s unique abilities can be used to transform the entire
system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities.
D) Difference feminists believe that a few well-placed women in key foreign policy positions can
change the foundations of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe many women participating in foreign policy decisions are necessary to change IR.
Skill Level: Analyze It
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