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Theory and methods

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Theory summary booklet

|Functionalism is useful/does contribute to our understanding of |Functionalism is not useful/does not contribute to our understanding|

|society today |of society today |

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|Areas to focus on: | |

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|Ideology | |

|Inequalities | |

|Identities | |

|Social institutions making a positive contribution | |

|Social change | |

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|Marxism is useful/does contribute to our understanding of society |Marxism is not useful/does not contribute to our understanding of |

|today |society today |

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|Feminism is useful/does contribute to our understanding of society |Feminism is not useful/does not contribute to our understanding of |

|today |society today |

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|Social Action theories are useful/do contribute to our understanding|Social Action theories are not useful/does not contribute to our |

|of society today |understanding of society today |

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|Social action theories contribute to our understanding of how |Fails to contribute to our understanding of ideology e.g. |

|individuals create society – bottom up theory – symbolic |Traditional Marxism – socialisation is an ideological process e.g. |

|interactionism – Mead and Blumer (Interpretivist phase) and the role|Primary socialisation legitimises class inequalities. |

|of the other. | |

| |Fails to contribute to the way in which social roles are shaped by |

|Contributes to our understanding of social roles – impression |Social institutions e.g. Capitalism and the perfect proletariat |

|management – Goffman. Can lead to gender roles |worker. |

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|Enables us to understand how social order works – social order is an|Fails to explain gender inequalities e.g. Armstrong and patriarchy |

|accomplishment – reflexivity and indexiality. | |

|Enables us to understand how labelling processes shape individuals |Fails to explain how the social structure impacts on individual’s |

|behaviour e.g. definition of the situation, career and the looking |behaviour. No real explanation of how society works e.g. the Organic|

|glass self-e.g. Primary and secondary deviance – Lemert. |analogy. Social Action theories are simply a loose description of |

| |concepts. |

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|Postmodernism is useful/does contribute to our understanding of |Postmodernism is not useful/does not contribute to our understanding|

|society today |of society today |

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|We are now living in a Postmodern era and therefore need new |We are not living in a Postmodern era and therefore do not need new |

|theories to understand society |theories to understand society |

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|Sociology can and should be viewed as a science |Sociology is not a science and should not be viewed as a science |

|Areas to focus on: | |

|Positivism |Interpretivism |

|Marx |Feminism |

|Popper |Interactionism |

|Functionalism |Kuhn |

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|It is possible for Sociological research to be value free. |It is not possible for Sociological research to be value free. |

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|Sociological Theory |Perspective on social policy |

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|Positivism and Functionalism | |

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|The social democratic perspective | |

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|Sociological Theory |Perspective on social policy |

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|Feminism | |

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|The New Right | |

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