Smoke Alarm Project - UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

[Pages:75]UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING

PROJECT: SMOKE ALARM PROJECT NUMBER: 107 NAME: NG'ANG'A RENSON NGOCHI REG. NO: F17/1421/2011 SUPERVISOR: DR. C.W. WEKESA EXAMINER: PROF. M. K. MANG'OLI

A project report submitted to the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of BSc. Electrical and Electronic Engineering of the University of Nairobi.

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DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

NAME:

NGANGA RENSON NGOCHI

REGISTRATION NUMBER: F17/1421/2011

COLLEGE:

Architecture and Engineering

SCHOOL:

Engineering

DEPARTMENT:

Electrical and Information Engineering

COURSE NAME:

BSc. Electrical and Electronic Engineering

PROJECT:

SMOKE ALARM

1) I understand what plagiarism is and I am aware of the University policy on this regard.

2) I declare that this final year project is my original work and has not been submitted elsewhere for examination, award of degree or publication. Where other peoples work or my own work has been used, this has properly been acknowledged and referenced in accordance with University of Nairobis requirements.

3) I have not sought or used the services of any professional agencies to produce this work.

4) I have not allowed and shall not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his/her own work.

5) I understand that any false claim in respect of this work shall result in disciplinary action, in accordance with University anti-plagiarism policy.

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Signature: ......................................................................................................... .. Date: .................................................................................................. ....

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DECLARATION AND CERTIFICATION

This is my original work and has not been presented for any degree award in this or any other university. Information from other sources has been duly acknowledged. .................................................................................... NGANGA RENSON NGOCHI F17/1421/2011 This report has been submitted to the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Nairobi with my approval as supervisor: ......................................................................................... DR. C. W. Wekesa Date: ...............................

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`DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to my parents, James Nganga Mwangi and Martha Wamaitha Nganga and my siblings, Catherine Nyambura, Martin Mwangi and Caroline Wairimu for their unwavering financial and emotional support as well as undying love and encouragement throughout my academic journey.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I would like to thank the Almighty God for granting me life and good health as well as supreme protection and guidance throughout my studies. I am thankful to my supervisor, Dr. C. W. Wekesa for his informative and useful guidance and suggestions throughout the journey for project design. I am very grateful to the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering and my lecturers for instilling in me the knowledge that has brought me this far. I am thankful to my friends and classmates who have contributed to the success of my studies through their wise counsel and support. Needless to mention, this project would not have been complete without reference to and inspiration from the work of others whose details are included in the reference section of this document.

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Table of Contents

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................................................................... ii DECLARATION AND CERTIFICATION ........................................................................................................ iv `DEDICATION........................................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ vi Table of Figures ...................................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................................................................ 2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 3 2.1 LDR-BASED SMOKE DETECTOR ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2 PHOTO INTERRUPTER MODULE-BASED SMOKE SENSOR ................................................................ 5 2.3 RE46C190 PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR .............................................................................. 9 2.4 SMOKE DETECTOR WITH GAS SENSOR TGS 813............................................................................ 10 2.5 MQ2 SENSOR-BASED SMOKE DETECTOR ...................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 3: REVIEW OF COMPONENTS USED ........................................................................................ 16 3.1 MQ2 SMOKE SENSOR................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 ATMEGA 32A ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.3 LCD MODULE ............................................................................................................................... 24 3.4 BUZZER ........................................................................................................................................ 30 3.5 LED .............................................................................................................................................. 30 3.6 POWER SUPPLY MODULE ............................................................................................................. 31 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN............................................................................................................................... 34 4.1 HARDWARE DESIGN..................................................................................................................... 35

4.1.1 MQ2 SENSOR ........................................................................................................................ 35 4.1.2 ATMEGA 32A......................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.3 INTERFACING LCD TO ATMEGA 32A ...................................................................................... 36 4.1.4 VISUAL ALARM (LEDs) ........................................................................................................... 39 4.1.5 AUDIO ALARM (BUZZER) ....................................................................................................... 40 4.2 SOFTWARE DESIGN ...................................................................................................................... 42 4.2.1 ADC PROGRAM ..................................................................................................................... 43

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