Biomedical.edu.np



SYLLABUSFORBACHELOR IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERINGBE (BM)PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY(FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)BIRATNAGAR, NEPAL2006(WITH AMENDMENT TILL DATE)PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYCURRICULUMONBACHELOR’S DEGREE IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERINGIntroduction:Purbanchal University is offering the bachelor’s degree course in Biomedical Engineering through its own as well as affiliated colleges with the objective of producing high-level technical manpower as per the nation’s need and with a capacity to undertake any kinds of Biomedical Engineering works using new technologies.Details of the Course:The following are the details of the course.Title of Course:Bachelor in Biomedical EngineeringObjectives of the Course:The objective of the course is to train students with appropriate technical & analytical knowledge and skills required to enable them to function and practice as professional Biomedical Engineers on all aspects of Biomedical Engineering works.Duration of the Course:The total duration of the course is 4 years. Each year consists of two semesters and each semester has duration of 90 days.Admission Procedure:Eligibility:The candidate must have passed I. Sc. Examination or 10+2 (Science) or Diploma in Engineering (Electrical and Electronics) from recognized Universities minimum in second division.The candidate must have passed entrance examination conducted by the University.The successful candidates in the entrance examination will be admitted in the merit basis in the University affiliate colleges.Course Structure:Contents:The teaching course is divided in eight semesters (half yearly). The first two semesters are general and are of prerequisite nature.Subject Codes:Each subject is coded with specific letters and numbers. The code of all subjects that are offered in engineering programme begins with three letters: “BEG” which denotes Bachelors in Engineering which is followed by three numbers; for Biomedical department, at first a digit then letter B and then a digit for course code, denoting subject offered in the particular half yearly semester. The first digit denotes the year for example 1, 2, 3 & 4 for first, second, third and fourth year respectively. The second digit/alphabet-B and third digits 0 to 99/B0-B9 are used to represent specific subject i.e. subject code. The last two letters denote the department, which offer the subject (e.g. BM-Biomedical; SH-Science & Humanities; ME-Mechanical Engineering; EL-Electrical Engineering; EC Electrical Communication Engineering; AR-Architecture etc). The subject code is provided as per the departments offering the subject. The total departments that are offering the subjects and subject code provided for them as are below.DepartmentsSubject CodeScience & Humanities in short “SH”01 to 09Architecture in short “AR”10 to 19Electrical in short “EL”20 to 29Electronics & Communication in short “EC”30 to 39Mechanical in short “ME”40 to 49Civil in short “CI”50 to 69Computer in short “CO”70 to 89Management Science in short “MS”90 to 99Biomedical in Short “BM”B0-B9, C0-C9Note:The subject code of particular subject offering in particular year can remain the same for another subject which is being offered in another year. For example: the subject code of Bio-Engineering Materials and Components is B1. This subject is being offered in 2nd year, first part with the code BEG2B1BM. Similarly, the subject code of Engineering Geology is 58; this subject is being offered in 2nd year, first semester with the code BEG258CI and similarly, the subject code of Soil Mechanics is also 58 but this subject is being offered in 3rd year 1st semester with the code BEG358CI.ExampleBEG104 SH is the code for subject Chemistry (the subject code of chemistry is 04) that is offered in first year by the department of Science & Humanities.Teaching Methods:The teaching methods applied are lecture, tutorial, practical and course work or work project. Tutorials are used to develop and enlarge the concepts stated in lecture. Practical classes in form of laboratory works and drawing practice are used to verify the concept and develop required technical and analytical skills. Similarly, course works and course projects are aimed at creating necessary knowledge and skill to implement and present the acquired technical and analytical skills in the form of projects.Evaluation and Grading System:The evaluation of the student’s knowledge is done through internal assessments during the course and followed by final semester examination. For the theoretical components of a subject weight of 20% for the internal assessment and 80% for semester examination are allocated while for practical component, the method of continuous assessment is adopted except for limited particular subjects in which semester examination are also conducted.The student must obtain at least 40% mark in internal assessment in each subject to be eligible to sit in the final semester examination. The student should get 40% mark to pass in semester examination. The students who have passed all the subjects in all semester are considered to have successfully completed the course. The weight of the semester examinations for the overall evaluation of the students is as prescribed below.a)First & Second Year (Four Semesters): 20% eachb)Third & Fourth Year (Four Semesters): 30% eachDepending upon the final aggregate percentage scored, 4 passing grades A, B, C, and D and one failing grading F are used. The letter grades used to show the academic standing of a student, with the following meaning and grade points i.e. weights are as follow:Letter GradeEquivalent MarksMeaningA80-100ExcellentB60-79GoodC50-59AverageD40-49PoorFBelow 40FailCourse Structure-Biomedical EngineeringYear 1/Semester IS.N.Course CodeCourse DescriptionCreditsLectureTutorialLaboratoryTotal1BEG101SHEngineering Mathmatics I331-42BEG103SHPhysics441273BEG105SHCommunicative English331-44BEG180COIntroduction to Computer and Programming331375BEG145MEEngineering Drawing31-346BEG129ELBasic Electrical Engineering 33137??Total191751133Year 1/Semester IIS.N.Course CodeCourse DescriptionCreditsLectureTutorialLaboratoryTotal1BEG102SHEngineering Mathmatics II331-42BEG104SHChemistry331263BEG143MEBasic Mechanical Engineering331374BEG122ELElectro-Engineering Materials331-45BEG170COComputational System & Database Concept331266BEG139ECDigital Logic33126??Total18186933Year 2/Semester IIIS.N.Course CodeCourse DescriptionCreditsLectureTutorialLaboratoryTotal1BEG201SHEngineering Mathmatics III331-42BEG2B1BMBio-Engineering Materials and Components431-43BEG2B2BMHuman Anatomy and Physiology I431374BEG2C5BMFluid Mechanics331375BEG2B3BMCell Biology and Immunology331376BEG237ECMicroprocessors33126??Total201861135Year 2/Semester IVS.N.Course CodeCourse DescriptionCreditsLectureTutorialLaboratoryTotal1BEG204SHApplied Maths331-42BEG239ECElectronic Devices and Circuits331263BEG299MSSociology331-44BEG2C1BMBiomechanics431-45RM2C8BMResearch Methodology221-36BEG2B4BMHuman Anatomy and Physiology II43137??Total19176528Year 3/Semester VS.N.Course CodeCourse DescriptionCreditsLectureTutorialLaboratoryTotal1BEG304SHProbability and Statistics331-42BEG389CONumerical Methods331263BEG3C3BMMeasurement and Instrumentation331264BEG329ELControl Systems331375BEG3C2BMBiomedical Embedded System Design331266BEG3B6BMCommunication Systems44127??Total191961136Year 3/Semester VIS.N.Course CodeCourse DescriptionCreditsLectureTutorialLaboratoryTotal1BEG399MSEngineering Economics331-42BEG3B2BMTissue Device Interactions331-43BEG3B3BMMedical Imaging I331264BEG3B4BMBiomedical Instrumentation I441275BEG330ECData Communication and Networking331266BEG3B5BMBiomedical Digital Signal Processing33126??Total19196833Year 4/Semester VIIS.N.Course CodeCourse DescriptionCreditsLectureTutorialLaboratoryTotal1BEG4B7BMOrganisation and Project Management331-42BEG4B1BMBiomedical Instrumentation II441273BEG4B2BMMedical Imaging II331264BEG4B3BMImplantable Devices331-45BEG4C9BMProject I33-366?-Elective I331-4??Total19195731Year 4/Semester VIIIS.N.Course CodeCourse DescriptionCreditsLectureTutorialLaboratoryTotal1BEG4B4BMMedical Industry Management331-42BEG4B5BMEngineering Professional Practice221-33?-Elective II331-44?-Elective III331-45BEG4B8BMProject II66-612??Total17174627Total150Elective I1BEG4B9BMStructural Biomaterials331-42BEG4C8BMBiomedical Equipment Maintenance3156Elective II???1BEG4C2BMMinimally Invasive Medical Technology332-52BEG4B6BMMedical Image Processing331263BEG4C5BMTheory of Medical Robotics332-5Elective III????1BEG4C7BMNeural Network331262BEG4C3BMMedical Informatics331263BEG4C1BMTelemedicine and Telehealth331-4YEAR ISEMESTER I & IIENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IBEG101 SH Semester I Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks31-3 hrs80-20-100COURSE OBJECTIVES: The basic objective of the course is to provide a sound knowledge of calculus and other related topics.Limits and Continuity of a Function: Limit of a function with examples, infinity as a limit, continuity of a function, and simple properties of a continuous function(3 hours)Derivatives: Review of derivatives (Derivatives of Implicit, Parametric equation, hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic function), Higher order derivatives, successive derivatives and Leibnitz theorem, Functions of two or more variables, Partial derivatives, total differential coefficients.(6 hours)Applications of Derivatives: Extrema of function of two or three variables, mean value theorems, Taylor and Maclaurin’s infinite series, Indeterminate forms and L’Hospital’s rule, Tangent and normal, curvature, Asymptotes and curve tracing.( 8 hours)Integration: Basic integration formulas, Integration methods, Standard Integrals, Definite Integral and its properties, Definite integral as the limit of a sum, Fundamental theorem of integral calculus, Improper integrals, Reduction formulae for integrals, Beta and Gamma functions.(8 hours)Applications of Integral Calculus: Determination of area, Length, Volumes and surface areas of solid of revolution, multiple integrals, change of order of integration.(5 hours)Plane Analytic Geometry: Translation and rotation of axes, circles, conic sections, parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas and central conics.(8 hours)Vector Algebra: Vector components, zero vector, unit vector, addition, equality, Direction cosines, space coordinates (Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates), equation relating these coordinates, scalar and vector, product of two vectors, product of three vectors or more vectors, lines and planes.(7 hours)Recommended Books:Differential Calculus, MB Singh and BC Bajracharya, S ukunda Pustak Bhawan, KathmanduCalculus and Analytic Geometry, Thomas and Finnney, Narosa Publishing House, IndiaBasic Mathematics (Vol I and II), DR Bajracharya, National Book Centre, KathmanduA Text Book of Vector Analysis, MB Singh and BC Bajracharya, Sukunda Pustak Bhawan, KathmanduIntegral Calculus and Differential Equations, GD Pant & GS Shrestha, Sunila Prakashan, KathmanduHigher Coordinate Geometry, Lalji Prasad, Paramount Pubilications, Patna, IndiaTwo-Dimensional Geometry-MR JoshiPHYSICSBEG103 SH Semester I Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks4123 hrs803302020150COURSE OBJECTIVES: To provide the concept and knowledge of physics with the emphasis of present day applications. The background of physics corresponding to Proficiency Certificate Level/+2 is assumed.Course DetailsSimple Harmonic Motion:(4 hours)Introduction, Hooks Law, elastic restoring force, equation of SHM(1 1/2 hour)Examples of SHM: suspended mass spring system and physical pendulum (bar pendulum).(1 hour)Angular harmonic motion: Torsional pendulum (1 hour)Introduction to damped ,free and forced oscillation (1 /2hour)Wave in Elastic Media:(5 hour)Introduction: waves and particles, types of waves; traveling wave, mechanical wave. (1 /2hour) Equation of wave process, particle velocity and particle acceleration. (1 hours)Wave Speed on a Stretched String (using Newton’s second law).(1 hour)Energy and power in traveling waves, intensity in wave motion. (1 hour)Principle of superposition, interference of waves.(1 hour)Standing waves and resonance.(1/2 hour)Acoustics:(7 hours)Sound waves, review on Sound propagation in gases, liquids and solid; The speed of sound. (1 hour) Pressure variation due to waves and pressure amplitude. (1 hour)Beat phenomena( ? hour)The Doppler effect.(1 hours)Energy considerations, intensity level and loudness.(1 hour)Ultrasound, production of ultrasound by magnetostriction and piezoelectric (Introduction) and its application in medical , distances measurement, imaging, signaling, cleaning, and neating(2 ? hours)Electrostatics:(7 hours)Electric charge, Interaction between electric charges.( ? hour)Electric field, lines of force, calculation of electric field due to dipole and quadrupole(1 hour)Electric flux,Gauss’ law, Application of Gauss Law to spherical, linear and planer symmetric distribution of charges. (2 hours)Electric potential, potential difference, potential due to a point charge, potential gradient. (? hour)Potential due to dipole and quadrupole, electrostatic potential energy.(? hour)Capacitors. Parallel plate capacitor, spherical capacitor, permittivity, conductors and dielectric in electric field. E and D fields, energy stored in electric field and energy density. (2 hours)Electrostatic induction, lightning conductors, industrial uses and hazards.(? hour)Direct Current:(6 hours)Review on Current flow in solid, liquid and gases. Ohm’s law. Resistances in series and in parallel.( ? hour)Current and current density, atomic view of resistivity, effect of temperature on resistance(1 ? hour)Semiconductors: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, Introduction of PN Junction, NPN & PNP transistor.(3 hours)Energy loss, heat production, statement of joule’s law( ? hour)Kirchhoft’s Laws.( ? hour)Magnetism and Magnetic Fields:(10 hours)Source of Magnetic fields: Current and permanent magnets, earth’s magnetic field, lines of force flux of magnetic field and permeability.(1 hour)Biot and Savart’s law and its application to long straight conductor carrying current. Amperes theorem and its application to long straight conductor carrying current and solenoid carrying current.(2 hours)Magnetic scalar potential and potential gradient.(1 hour)Force on conductor in magnetic fileds, force per unit length between parallel conductors carrying current.(1 hour)Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Flux linkage. Lenz’s law. Self induction. Calculation of the coefficient of self-induction for solenoid.(2 hours)LR circuit. Energy stored in magnetic field. Energy density of magnetic field.(1 hour)Magnetic properties of matter, Domain Theory, Ferromagnetism, Saturation and Hysteresis.(2 hours)Electromagnetic Oscillations:(3 hours)LC oscillations. Analogy to SHM(1 hour)Electromagnetic oscillation of LCR circuit (quantitative) forced oscillation on LCR circuit and resonance(2 hours) Electromagnetic Waves: (5 hours)Introduction to gradient,divergence and curl; Induced magnetic field ;Displacement current and its significance (1 hour) Maxwell’s equation – Differential and integral form (1 hour)Application of Maxwell equation: wave equations in free space and medium. (2 hour)Speed of electromagnetic wave. Energy of electromagnetic wave. Poynting vector (1 hour)Optics: (6 hours)Nature and source of light, different theories of light, different types of sources. (1/2 hour)Review of optics of lenses, refraction in spherical surfaces; refraction through prism. (1/2 hour)Combination of lenses in contact and at a separation, cardinal points, Achromatic combination of two lenses, separated by distance (1 hours)Monochromatic aberration of lenses. Spherical aberration, astigmatism, coma, curvature of field and distortion. Causes and their minimization. (1 hour)Fiber optics: Introduction to optical fiber. Types of optical fibers. Application in Illumination and Image transmission, optical communication optical fiber sensors, medical and military application (1 ? hours )Lasers: principle of the generation of laser light, Uses of laser: industrial and entertainment electronics , medical .communication and information processing (1 ? hours)Physical Optics: (8 hours)Interference: coherent sources, path difference and phase difference, Interference of light waves, Young’s experiment ,condition for constructive and destructive interference, interference in thin films and wedge shape, Newton’s ring and determination of wave length, determination of refractive index of a liquid . (3 hours)Diffraction: Introduction to Fresnel’s and Fraunhoffer, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit. Diffraction grating, wave length measurement by diffraction gratings; intensity variation in order. (2 hours)Polarization: Introduction, polarization by reflection, Malu’s law, double refraction, Nicol prism, plane, circular, elliptical polarization of light waves, double refraction ,quarter and half wave plate Optical activity and uses, polarimeter. (3 hours)Use of light: holography, LCD, signal transmission, optical stress analysis, spectrometric analysis of gases. (1 hour)Laboratory: (Minimum 9 Experiments)Physical Pendulum, Torsional PendulumResonance tubeNewton’s Ring, Diffraction grating, prismCarey Foster’s Bridge, Low resistance, resistivity, LC CircuitsPolarimeter, Junction transistor Recommended Books:Physics by Resnick, Haliday, 2nd and 4th Edition.A.S. Vasudeva, “Concept of Modern Engineering Physics”, S. Chand & Co 1998, Delhi.Subramanyam and Brij Lal, “Optics”, S. Chand & Co. 1994, 1995, Delhi.Practical Physics by CL MUNICATIVE ENGLISHBEG105 SH Semester I Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks31-3 hrs8020100COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is designed for the students of B.E. level, first year, first semester of Purbanchal University, who have completed either diploma level in Engineering or ISC or +2 from any institution recognized by this university. It intends to develop and strengthen in students the basic and communicative skills in the English language with emphasis of speaking, reading and writingCOURSE OBJECTIVES: This course intends to develop:Skills needed for group discussion, meeting conduction and technical talk.Intensive and extensive reading skills in technical and non-technical reading materialsSkills in writing description, official letters and letters of application, proposals and formal technical reportsCOURSE IN DETAIL:Oral Communication:(16 hours)Fundamentals of effective speaking: posture, gesture, facial expression, voice, eye contact, space distancing etc.Group discussion on subjects of general and technical interestMeetingsNotice preparationAgenda preparationMinutes preparationMeeting conductionTechnical talkWriting complete manuscript for technical talkPresenting technical talk based on manuscriptPreparing note for technical talkPresenting talks based on notesReading: Intensive and Extensive:(14 hours)Intensive reading:How to tackle intensive reading materialsPracticing comprehension on prescribed textsNote making and summary writingPractice on contextual grammarExtensive Reading:How to tackle extensive reading materialsPracticing extensive readingWriting:(26 hours)Fundamentals of effective writing; unity, coherence, conciseness, clarityDescription writing; mechanical, electrical or electronic objects, tables, graphs, charts, landscape, technical processLettersOfficial LettersStandard letter formatsWriting letters for asking and giving information giving instruction, letters of request, apology and explanation, complaint and orderLetters of ApplicationStandard FormatPreparing Bio-data resumeWriting letters of applicationProposal WritingFormat for technical proposalsWriting technical proposalsTechnical Report WritingFormat for technical reportsWriting technical reportsPrescribed Books:English for Engineers and Technologist 2, Orient Longman, Anna University, Chennai 1990, (Reading and Language focus all and oral and writing as mentioned in the syllabus)Reference Books:Adhikari Usha, et, al. Communicative Skills in English, Research training unit, Department of Science and Humanities, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus 2002Anne Eisenberg, “Effective Technical Communication”, McGraw-Hill, 1982.K.W. Hope and T.E. Pearsall, “Reporting Technical Information”, 5th Edition. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1984.“A Communicative Grammar of English”, Leech, G, Savartvik, ELBS 1975“English Dictionary”, Collings Cobuild, New Edition, Harper Collins Publishers 1995INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER AND PROGRAMMINGBEG180 CO Semester I Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3133 hrs60--2020100COURSE OBJECTIVE: To give the basic knowledge of computer system and problem solving skills using structured programming methodology.Contents:INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER:(4 hours)Generation of Computer.Block diagram of Computer.Discussion on Input Device/ Output DeviceCPU. Memory and its types.Uses of Computer, Computer networkManaging data and InformationINTRODUCION OF PROGRAMMING:(4 hours)History of CIntroduction to CImportance of CDesirable program characteristicDATA TYPES, OPERATORS AND SOME STATEMENT:(5 hours)Identifiers & KeywordsConstantString ConstantNumeric ConstantCharacter ConstantC OperatorsArithmetic OperatorsAssignment OperatorsLogical & Comparison OperatorsBitwise OperatorsSpecial OperatorsVARIABLES ,INPUTAND OUTPUT: (5 hours)Variable DeclarationThe Scope of VariableRegister VariableStatic VariableExternal VariableAutomatic VariableStatementsSimple C programsInput StatementOutput StatementFeature of stdio.hCONTROL STRUCTURE: (4 hours)Conditional Statementsif statementif-else statementswitch statementLoop Statementsfor loopwhile loopdo-while loopBreaking Control Statements break statementcontinue statementgo-to statementARRAY:(4 hours)Array NotationArray DeclarationMultidimensional ArrayArray InitializationProcessing with ArrayFUNCTION:(4 hours)Defining FunctionUse of FunctionTypes of FunctionReturn StatementRecursive FunctionPOINTER(5 hours)Pointer DeclarationPointer ArithmeticPointer FunctionPointer & ArrayPointers to pointersStructure and Unions (5 hours)Defining a structure, Arrays of Structures, Structures with in StructuresProcessing a StructureStructures PointersPassing Structures to FunctionsUnion and its importanceData Files(4 hours)Opening and Closing a Data FileCreating a Data FileProcessing a Data FileGraphics(4 hours)InitializationGraphical modeSimple program using built in graphical functionReference Book:“Let USC”,;Yashavant Kanetker.Programming with C; GottfriedE.Balaguruswamy,”Programming in C”,Tata McGraw –Hill.E.Balaguruswamy “Graphic under C” ENGINEERING DRAWINGBEG145 ME Semester I Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks1-3--3 hrs802050150COURSE OBJECTIVE: To develop basic projection concepts and to develop sketching, drafting working drawings to facilitate communication.Instrumental Drawing, Practices and Techniques:(1 hour)Description of drawing instruments and drawing techniques/Techniques of Instrumental Drawing e.g. pencil sharpening, securing paper, proper use of T-squares, triangles, erasing shields, French curves.Freehand Technical Lettering:(3 hours)Lettering strokes, letter proportions, use of pencils, inclined and vertical letters and numerals, upper and lower cases.Dimensioning:(2 hours)Fundamentals of dimensioning, size and location dimensioning, use of scales, measurement units, reducing and enlarging scales.Placement of dimensions, aligned and unidirectional dimensioning, chain and parallel dimensioning.Plane Geometrical Construction:(9 hours)Bisecting and trisecting lines and angles, proportional division of lines, construction of pentagon, hexagon and any other polygons circumscribing or inscribing a circle, methods for drawing tangents and circular arcs.Methods for drawing ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas.Basic Descriptive Geometry:(6 hours)Projection rays, source, Projection planes, Positioning of objects in three dimensional spaces.Projection of points, lines and planes in space.Auxiliary views of lines and planes.True length and angle of inclination of a line using revolution and auxiliary projection plane method.Parallel lines, Perpendicular lines.Shortest distance from a point to a line.True shape of an oblique plane and angle of inclination with projection plane.Multiview Drawings (Orthographic Projection): (6 hours)Orthographic ProjectionProblems of Orthographic projection of objects without curved surfaces.Problems of orthographic projection of objects with curved surfaces and holes.Pictorial Drawing:(4 hours)Methods to draw Isometric DrawingMethods to draw Oblique Drawing.Introduction to AutoCad:(4 hours)CAD, CAM, CAD-CAM software.AutoCad commands, Drawing, Dimensioning, Modifying.3-D surface and solids.Drawing Practicals: ( 2 hrs/Week)Freehand technical lettering and use of drawing instruments.Dimensioning.Plane geometrical construction.Basic descriptive geometry.Basic descriptive geometry (contd.)Orthographic projection.Orthographic projection (contd.)Pictorial drawing.Textbooks and Reference Books:W.J. Luzadder, "Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing," Prentice Hall, 1981.T.E. French, C.J. Vierck and R. J. Foster, "Engineering Drawing and Graphic Technology," Mcgraw Hill, 1981.BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BEG129 EL Semester: I Year: ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3133 hrs80--2025125COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course serves as the foundation course on Basic Electrical Engineering. After the completion of this course, students will be able to Analyse AC & DC Electric Circuits.Basic Concept of DC Circuit:(8 hours)Concept of electric charge and current. Ohm’s law its application and limitation.Electric circuit, circuit elementsResistance inductance and capacitance, their functional behavior, constructional features, mathematical descriptionsIntroduction to voltage source and current sourceSeries and parallel connection of resistorsSeries and parallel connection of sources effect of their internal resistance on the circuit characteristicsStar/delta transformationPower and energy in DC currentCircuit Analysis:(15 hours)Kirchoff’s laws-current law and voltage law, application, limitationsSuperposition theorem, reciprocity theoremMaxwell’s loop current methodNodal analysis of electric circuitThevenin’s theoremNorton’ theoremMaximum power transfer theoremAC Circuit:(8 hours)Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic induction, Generation of sinusoidal alternating emf, terminologies used in AC CircuitSinusoidal AC, emf, phasor representation of AC, j-operator and its use in AC CircuitR, L and C excited by AC source, R-L, R-C, R-L-C series circuits, Resonance phenomena, Power and power factor in AC circuit – Instantaneous and average power, reactive and apparent powerThree Phase AC Circuit:(6 hours)Generation of three phase AC emf wave form representation, use of j-operator, star and delta connection of source and load, line voltage and line current, phase voltage and phase current, balanced three phase system, calculation of current and voltage, measurement of power, Introduction to three phase four wire systemTransformers:(8 hours)5.1Magnetically coupled circuitsEffects of secondary current in ideal transformerTransformer reactance and equivalent circuitsAir core Vs iron core transformersLosses in transformer, open circuit and short circuit testsInstrument transformersIntroduction to three phase transformersLaboratory:Basic electrical measurements and verification of ohms lawSeries and parallel connection of resistors, verification of Kirchoff’s lawsMeasurement of power in Dc. Circuit using WattmeterMeasurement of power in single phase AC circuit using wattmeterMeasurement of rms value, amplitude value, power factor by using oscilloscopeMeasurement of power in three phase AC circuitSeries, resonance and parallel resonancePerform a open and short circuit test on single phase transformerReferences:SN Tiwarin and AS Gin Saroor, “ A First Course in Electrical Engineering”, AH Wheeler and Co. Ltd, Allahabad, IndiaBL Theraja and Ak Theraja, “A Text Book of Electrical Technology” S Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi IndiaV Del Toro “Principles of Electrical Engineering”, Prentice Hall of India Ltd. New DelhiIJ Nagrath, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill, New DelhiPS Bhimbra, Electric Machinery, Khanna Publishers, New DelhiENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IIBEG102 SH Semester II Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks31-3 hrs8020100COURSE OBJECTIVES: The basic objective of the course is to provide a sound knowledge of vectors, 3-D analytical geometry, Infinite series and ordinary differential equations.Analytic Geometry of 3-D: Planes, Straight lines, and standard equation of sphere, cylinder and cone. (14 hours)Infinite Series: Infinite series and sequences, convergence, ratio root and integral tests, absolute convergence, power series, radius of convergence.(6 hours)Plane Curves and Polar Coordinates: Plane curves, parametric equations, polar coordinates, integral in the polar coordinates.(4 hours)Vector Calculus: Differentiation and Integration of vectors, gradients, divergence and curl.(8 hours)Differential Equations: First order differential equation, variable separation, homogeneous, linear and exact. Second order differential equations, linear equations with constant coefficient homogeneous equation with constant coefficients, general solutions, initial value problems, non-homogeneous equations, solutions in series, Legendre, Bessel equations.(13 hours)Recommended Books:Three-dimensional Geometry, YR Sthapit and BC BajracharyaAlgebra, GD PantA Text Book of Vector Analysis, MB Singh and BC BajracharyaIntegral Calculus and Differential Equations, GD Pant & GS ShresthaCalculus and Analytic Geometry, Thomas and Finney, Narosa Publication House, IndiaAdvanced Engineering Mathematics, E Kreyszig, 5th Edition, Wiley, New YorkCHEMISTRYBEG 104 SH Semester II Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3123 hrs803251010125COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course will develop the basic concepts of Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry relevant to problems in engineering.GROUP A (Physical) Review lectures of Bohr Theory and Summer Field Theory: (8 hours)Debroglie eq.Heisenberg’s uncertainty principleWave mechanical model of atomQuantum No.Aufbou principle shapes of s, p, d orbitalsPauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity electronic confn of elements using s, p, d and forbitalsStability of half filled and completely filled orbitalsChemical Bonding: (6 hours)Electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent bondHybridization, Metallic bone, hydrogen bonding, VSEPRTheory, vander waals force trus, covalent Net WorkingCrystal lattice, types of crystalElectrochemistry: (10 hours)Strong and weak electrolysis.Ostwald’s dilution law and its limitation.pH and pH mon ion effect in ionic equilibria.Buffer and pH of buffer.Electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells.Single electrode potentials and normal hydrogen electrode, electro-chemical series.Nernst’s equation and determination of electrode potential and cell potential under non-standard conditions.Corrosions of metals and its prevention.Introductory Thermodynamics:(8 hours)Internal energy enthalpy and law of thermodynamics.Relation between enthalpy change and change in eternal energyEnthalpy of a reactionExothermic and endothermic rxnHess’s law of constant heat summationEnthalpy change from bond energyMolar heat capacities, relation between Cp and Cv.Variation of heat of reaction with temperature (Kirchhoff’s equations)Calorific values of fuels and food.GROUP B (Inorganic)Co-ordination Complexes: (5 hours)Double Salt and Complex SaltWerner’s Co-ordination theory.Nomenclature of Co-ordination complexes.Electronic interpretation in co-ordination.Bonding in co-ordination compounds – only valence bond theory.Applications of valence bond theory – Octahedral complexes, tetrahedral complexes and Square planer complexes.Application of co-ordination complexesTransition Element:(6 hours)Transition elements and their position in periodic tableCharacteristics properties of third transition metals with reference toElectronic Configuration, Metallic character, Variable Valency, Complex Formation, Magnetic properties, Alloy Formation, Catalytic Activity, ColourSilicones – Properties and Uses:(1 hour)Environmental Chemistry:(4 hours)Introduction to EnvironmentTypes of pollution-Air, water, soil and noise and their possible remediesGROUP C (Organic)Types of Organic Reaction:(4 hours)Substitution Reaction (SN1 and SN2 type)Addition ReactionElimination Reaction (E1 and E2 Reaction)Rearrangement ReactionStereochemistry:(3 hours)Types of Stereoisomerism.Optical and Geometrical isomerismOrganometallic Compounds:(1 hour)Preparation Props and uses of Grignard’s reagentExplosives:(1 hour)Simple idea about low and high explosives.TNT, TNG and nitrocellulose preparation and uses.Polymers & Polymerization:(3 hours)Types of Polymerization reaction.Types of Polymers.Synthetic fibers Polystyrene, Teflon, terylene or Dacron.Recommended Books:Selected topics in physical chemistry, Motikaji SthapitPrinciples of physical chemistry, Marron & PruttoEssentials of physical chemistry, Bahl & TuliAdvanced inorganic chemistry, Satyaprakash, RD Madan, GD TuliConcise Chemistry, JD LeeOrganic Chemistry, Morrison & BoydOrganic Chemistry, BS BahlPractical Works in Chemistry:To determine the alkalinity of the given sample of water (Two practical)To determine the hardness of water sampleTo determine the pH of different aqueous solutions using pH meter and preparation standard buffer solution acidicTo determine the amount of free chlorine in the given sample of waterTo determine the condition in which corrosion takes placeTo measure the quantity of charge required to deposit one mole of copperBASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGBEG 143 ME Semester II Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3133 hrs80--2050150COURSE OBJECTIVE: To make the students familiar with theoretical and applied field of mechanical engineering.WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGYBasic Tools, Hand operating operations and Measuring(8 hours)1.1.1 Basic Tools:Hammer, screw drivers, punches, chisels, files, pliers, wrenches, hacksaws, bench vises, hand drills, taps. 1.1.2: Basic Hand Working Operations:Sawing techniques, Filling to obtain required finishing surfaces, Tapping holes and threading rods, Sheet metal works, Safety.Machine Tools:(8 hours)1.2.1 Introduction: 1.2.2 Lathes, Drilling & Milling Machine Physical Construction, Working Principle, Tool Selection and Feed Rates, Lathe operations, Accessories, Safety. Metal Joining:(4 hours)Soldering, Brazing, Gas welding, Arc welding, SafetyMeasuring and Gagging:Rulers, Scales, Depth gages, Micrometer, Vernier calipers, Dial indicators.(3 hours).Applied Mechanics:(12 hours)2.1.1 Introduction2.1.2 Concept of a particle, Rigid body, Principles of forces, Free body diagram, Equilibrium in two dimensions.2.1.3 Distributed forces, Centre of gravity, Centroid of lines, areas and volumes.2.1.4 Friction and Laws of Friction2.1.5 Rectilinear and curvilinear motion of particles; position, velocity and acceleration.2.1.6 Dynamics: Kinetics & Kinematics.Mechanics and Properties of Solids:(10 hours)3.1 Stress, Strain, Stress-Strain diagram, Hooke's Law3.2, Thermal stress3.3 Principal Stress3.4 Torsion3.5 Bending of beams, Pure bending, Shearing force, Bending moment, Shearing force& bending moment diagrams.Laboratories (3 hrs/week)Bench tools and hand working operationsLathe machine: facing, turning, drilling and boringSheet metal workGas and arc weldingTension testRefrigerator/ Heat Pump experimentTextbooks and Reference Books:B. S. Raghuwanshi, “A Course in Workshop Technology, Vol. I & II, “ Dhanpat Rai & Co.(P) Ltd., 2002J.R. Howell & R. O. Buckius, “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics,” McGraw Hill Publishers, 1987J.P. Holman, “Heat Transfer,” McGraw Hill, 1981E.P. Popov, “Engineering Mechanics of Solids,” Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.,1990F.P. Beer & E.R. Johnson, “ Mechanics of Materials,” McGraw Hill, 1981ELECTRO-ENGINEERING MATERIALSBEG122 EL Semester II Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks31-3 hrs80--20-100COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this course to understand the properties of dielectric materials in static and alternating fields, to understand the properties of insulating and magnetic materials, and to understand the properties of conductors and semiconductors.Theory of Metal:(10 hours)Elementary Quantum Mechanical Ideas. De Broglie’s Equation, Einstein’s Equation, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty PrincipleFree Electron Theory, Energy Well Model of a MetalBand Theory of Solids, Electron Effective Mass, Energy Bands, Density of StatesCollection of Particles, Boltzmann Classified Statistics, Fermi-Dirac Distribution FunctionFermi Energy, Metal-Metal Contact, The Seeback Effect and The ThermocoupleThermionic Emission, Richardson—Dushman Equation, Field Assisted Emission, The Schottky Effect, Work FunctionFree Electron Theory of Conduction in Metals:(8 hours)Thermal Velocity of ElectronElectron Mobility, Conductivity, ResistivityDiffusion of Electron, Diffusion Coefficient, Einstein’s Relationship between Mobility and Diffusion CoefficientChemical and Physical Properties of Common Conducting Materials (Ag, Cu, Al, Mn, Ni, etc)Conduction in Liquid and Gases:(3 hours)Ionic Conduction in ElectrolytesElectrical Conduction in Gases, Electric Break DownMagnetic Materials and Superconductivity:(11 hours)Magnetisation of Matter, Magnetic Dipole Moment, Atomic Magnetic Moment Magnetisation Vector M, Magnetic Permeability and Susceptibility, Magnetising Field or Magnetic Field Intensity, HMagnetic Material Classification, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism, Ferrimagnetism , AntiferromagnetismMagnetic Domain Structure, Magnetic Domain, Domains Walls, Domain Wall MotionSoft and Hard Magnetic Materials: Their Examples and ApplicationSuperconductivity: Zero Resistance and Meissner Effect, Type I, Type II Superconductors, Critical Current DensityDielectric Materials:(8 hours)Matter Polarisation and Relative Permittivity: Relative Permittivity Dipole Moment and Electronic Polarisation, Polarisation Vector P Local Field EIOC and Clausius—Mossotti EquationPolarisation Mechanism: Electronic Polarisation, Ionic Polarisation, Orientational Polarisation, Interfacial Polarisation, Total PolarisationDielectric Contract and Dielectric Losses Frequency and Temperature EffectsDielectric Strength and Breakdown: Dielectric Strength Dielectric Breakdown and Partial Discharge in Gases Dielectric Breakdown and Partial Discharge in Gases Dielectric Breakdown in SolidsFerro-Electricity and PiezoelectricityProperties of Common Dielectric Materials like Glass, Porcelain, Polythene, PVC, Nylon, Bakelite, Mica, Transformer Oil, Paper etcSemi-Conducting Materials:(5 hours)Electrons and Holes Conduction in Semiconductor, Electron and Hole ConcentrationExtrinsic Semiconductor: N-Type Semiconductor, P-Type Semiconductor, Compensation Doping, Energy Band Diagram for Uniformly Doped and Graded P and N Type MaterialsGeneration and Recombination of Electrons and Holes, Concept of LifetimeDiffusion and Conduction Equations Mobility and Diffusion Coefficients or Electron and Holes, Steady State Diffusion and Continuity EquationsIdeal PN Junction: No Bias, Forward Bias, Reverse Bias, PN Junction Band Diagram, Open Circuit (No Bias) Forward and Reverse Bias Metal Semiconductor ContractReference Books:R.A. Colcaser and S. Diehl-Nagle, “Materials and Devices for Electrical Engineers and Physicists”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985R.C. Jaeger, “Introduction to Microelectronic Fabrication—Volume IV”, Addison—Wesley Publishing Company, Inc, 1988S.O. Karsap, “Principle of Electrical Engineering Device”, McGraw Hill, 2000COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEM &DATABASE CONCEPT.BEG170 CO Semester II Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3123 hrs80--2050150COURSE OBJECTIVES: After finishing this course student will be able to design database systems ,SQL language and other matlab computational operation. Introduction to Matlab:(4 hours)1.1.Matlab as {best} calculator1.2.Standard Matlab windows1.3Operations with variables 1.3.1.Naming 1.3.2.Checking existence 1.3.3.Clearing Operations Application & Benefits of using OOPArrays (5 hours)2.1.Columns and rows: creation and indexing2.2.Size & length2.3.Multiplication, division, power2.4.OperationsWriting script files and Functions :(5 hours)3.1Logical variables and operators3.2Flow control3.3Loop operators3.4Input/output arguments3.5Function visibility, path.3.6Example: Matlab startupSimple graphics:(4 hours) 4.1.D plots 4.2.Figures and subplotsData and data flow in Matlab:(5 hours)5.1.Data types5.1.1Matrix, string5.1.2.Creating, accessing elements manipulating of data of different types5.2.File Input-Output5.2.1 Matlab files5.2.2Text files5.2.3Binary files5.2.4Mixed text-binary files5.munication with external devices5.3.1Serial port5.3.2Parallel portHandle graphics and user interface:(6 hours)6.1.Pre-defined dialogs6.2 Handle graphics6.3 Graphics objects6.4 Menu-driven programs6.5 .Controls&Interactive graphics6.6 .Large program logic flowIntroduction to DBMS:(3 hours) 7.1. Definition of database &database system 7.2. Characteristics of database approach 7.3.Advantage using DBMSConcepts of Database systems:(5 hours)8.1. Schemes and Instances8.2. .Database language and interfaces8.3. E-R model8..4 Entity types Attributes, Keys, Relationship typesSQL& Normalization Steps(10 hours)9.1. Introduction to SQL9.2 Set operation9.3 Null values9.4. Queries, views9.5. Join relation9.6 Pitfalls of relational model9.7.Functional dependencies(1FNF,2NF,3NF)Reference Books:RUDRA PRADAP, “GETTING STARTED WITH MATLAB”.David Kuncicky, “MATLAB Programming “.H.F.Korth and A.Sllberscratz , “Database System ConceptC.J.Date, “An Introduction to Database System” STEPHANE FAROULD, “Art of SQL”DIGITAL LOGICBEG139 EC Semester II Year ITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3123 hrs80--2050150COURSE OBJECTIVES: To provide fundamental of Digital electronics digital computer design and application of digital devices Numbering Systems:(5 hours)IntroductionComparison between Analog and Digital SystemNumber ConversionBinary ArithmeticBoolean Algebra and Logic Gates:(6 hours)Boolean algebra basic theory and propertiesBoolean functionsLogical operationsLogical functions and gatesApplication of gatesSimplification of Boolean Functions:(6 hours)K-mapTwo, three and four variable mapsProduct of sums, sum of product simplificationNAND and NOR ImplementationCombinational Logic:(12 hours)Design ProcedureAddersSubtractorsBinary Parallel adderDecimal adderMagnitude comparatorDecoders and encodersMultiplexers and De MultiplexersRead only memoryProgrammable logic array (PLA)Sequential Logic:(8 hours)Flip-FlopsTriggering of Flip-flopsTiming diagramRegisters, Counters and the Memory Unit:(8 hours)RegistersShift RegistersRipple countersSynchronous countersMemory unitLaboratory:Familiarisation with Logic GatesEncodes and DecodesMultiplexer and De MultiplexerDesign of simple combination circuitsDesign of adder/subtractorDesign of Flip-FlopClock Driven sequential circuitsConversion of parallel data into serial formatGeneration of timing signal for sequential systemReferences:M Morris Mano, “Digital Logic and Computer Design” Pearson EducationMano, Logic and computer design fundamentalsAP Malvino, Jerald A Brown, “Brown, “Digital Computer Electronics”, 1995YEAR IISEMESTER III & IVENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IIIBEG201 SHSemester IIIYear IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks31-3 hrs80--20-100COURSE OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this course is to round out the student’s preparation more sophisticated applications with an introduction of linear algebra, a continuous of the study of ordinary differential equations and an introduction to vector algebra.Matrices and Determinant: (15 hours)Matrix and determinant.Vector Spaces.Linear transformationsSystem of linear equations, Gauss elimination.Rank, matrix inversion.Eigen values, eigen vectors.Laplace Transformation: (9 hours)Laplace Transorms.Standard Transforms.Inverse Laplace Transforms.Application to differential equations.Line Integration:(6 hrs)Definition of Line IntegrationEvaluation of Line IntegrationDouble IntegrationTransformation of double integrals into integrals rails beta gamma fun. Diritchet integralSurface Integrals and Volume Integrals:(8 hrs)SurfacesTangent planes, first fundamental form and areaSurface IntegralsVolume integrals, Diritehet integralsIntegral Theorems:(7 hrs)Green theorem in the planeTriple integrals and divergence theorem of GaussCpm sequences and applications of the divergence theoremsStoke’s theoremConsequences and applications of Stoke’s TheoremTime Integrals and independence of pathRecommended Books:Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 5the Edition, Wiley, New YorkMN Guterman and ZN NIteeki, Differential Equations a First Course, 2nd Edition, Saunders, New YorkBIO-ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTSBEG 2B1 BMSemester IIIYear IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks4--3 hrs80--20-100COURSE OBJECTIVE: To introduce the properties and selection of different materials relevant to their use as biomaterials.Lectures:Properties of Materials:(6 hours)Introduction.Bulk properties of materials.Surface properties of materials.Measurement techniques.Introduction to Bio-materials:(1 hour)Biomaterial science: An interdisciplinary course.Classes of materials used in medicine.Metals:(3 hours)Structure, chemistry, mechanical properties and applications of various metals relating to biomaterials.Steps in fabrication of implants.Different metals and alloys used in implants.Polymers:(5 hours)Types of polymers used in medicineMolecular weight and synthesis.Solid state polymers and copolymers.Characterization techniques.Hydrogel.Bioresorbable and Bioerodible Materials:(5 hours)Types of degradable implants.Currently available degradable implants.Physical mechanisms of bio-erosion.Mechanism of chemical degradation.Factors influencing the rate of bio-erosion.Storage stability, sterilization and packaging.Ceramics, Glasses and Composites:(5 hours)Structure, chemistry and properties of ceramics and glasses used in medical devices.Types of bio-ceramics.Characteristics and processing of bio-ceramics.Nearly inert crystalline ceramics.Porous ceramics.Bioactive glasses and glass ceramics.Calcium phosphate ceramics, resolvable calcium phosphates.Natural Materials:(5 hours)Different types of natural materials.Structure of native collagen.Physical modification of the native structure of collagen.Chemical modification of collagen.Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans.Elastin, Graft copolymers of collagen and posites:(4 hours)Definition of composites.Reinforcing systems.Matrix systems.Fabrication of fiber-reinforced composites.Mechanical and physical properties of composites.Absorbable matrix composites.Non-absorbable matrix composites.Thin films, Grafts and Coatings:(2 hours)General Principals.Methods for modifying the surfaces of materials for enhancing biological interactions.The nature and production of plasma environment.High energy and high temperature plasma treatments.Fabrics:(3 hour)Types of fabrics and their construction.Processing and characteristics of major constructions.Characterization, testing, and evolution.Major biomedical applications.Biologically Functional Materials:(2 hour)Biologically active molecules.Immobilization of biologically active molecules.Natural Tissues:(3 hours)Types of natural tissues, connective tissues, blood vessel, ligaments, and tendon.Properties of natural tissues.Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine:(4 hours)Properties, their structure, properties and adsorption to surfaces.Structure and properties of proteins relevant to adsorption.Adsorption behavior of proteins as solid-liquid interfaces.The importance of adsorbed proteins in biomaterials.Testing of Biomaterials:(6 hours)Introduction.In vitro assessment of tissue compatibility, background concepts.Assay methods.Clinical use and new research directions.In vivo assessment of tissue compatibility.Implant sites.Surgical protocol and form of implants, controls.Evaluation of tissue reaction.Criteria for assessing acceptability of the tissue response.Degradation of Materials in Biological Environment::(5 hours)IntroductionIntroduction to chemical and biochemical degradation of polymers.Degradation effects of biological environment on metals and ceramics.Corrosion.Mechanical breakdown in the biological environment.Pathologic calcification of biomaterials, prevention of calcification.Perspectives and Possibilities in Biomaterials Science:(1 hour)Text Books:Hand-outs will be given to students.Reference Books:“Biomaterials Science”, Ed by Buddy Ratner et. al, Academic Press, 1996HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IBEG 2B2 BMSemester III Year IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks4-33 hrs80--2025125COURSE OBJECTIVES: To provide knowledge of Human Anatomy & Physiology required for Biomedical Engineering. Introduction to Human Body:(3 hours)Understanding of body design at structure-function level. Interpretation of the molecular cell biology to the development of body organs & system.Appreciation of the Control & regulation of body function.Understanding of disease mechanism.Introduction to the Chemistry of Life: Atoms, Molecules & Compounds. Biological Molecules & Body Fluids:(4 hours)Understanding of ionic structures of different atoms, biological molecules in relation to body buildingOutline salt-water balance of. BodypH mechanism of body fluids. Acidosis & Alkalosis Body fluids & their controlThe Cells, Tissues & Organization of the Body, Disorder of the Cells & Tissues:(4 hours)Understanding of structure & function of different types of cells & tissuesCell to cell transport mechanismsCell divisionDevelopment of organ-systemAbnormal development of cells & tissuesTissue repair & regenerationThe Skin. Structure, Function & Disorder of Skin:(5 hours)General remarking of microscopic anatomy of skinHistological study of Epidermis, dermis, hairs & glandsPigmentation of skinFunctional roles of skinSkin diseasesBurns & complicationsMechanism of wound repairThe Skeleton, Axial Skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton Bones. Diseases Related to Bones. Healing of Bones:(8 hours)Outline Human Skeleton axial & appendicular viewsStudy of different Bone typesUnderstanding of bone components & histology of boneLearning of Bone development or ossification of boneBone functionAnatomy of major Skull bonesStructure, arrangement & function of vertebral, thoracic limb & pelvic boneDisorder of bone development. Bone tumorsDeficiency disease of bone. Bone infectionsHealing of bone defectsThe joint. Types of Joints. Main synovial Joints of the Limbs. Disorders of Joints:(8 hours)Understanding the basic structure of jointsDifferentiate the types of joints, fibrous, fixed & in relation to their movementCharacterize Synovial joints in relation to different parts of bodyJoint diseasesInfectious, inflammatory diseases & metabolic joint diseasesUnderstanding joint repairThe Muscular System. Muscles of Face, Neck, Back, Abdominal Wall & Pelvic Floor. Diseases of muscles. Healing of muscle, Repair of Nerves Supplying Muscles:(10 hours)Introduction to different types of muscleLearning forms muscles at different parts of bodyMicroanatomy of skeletal muscleOutline muscle functionsUnderstanding control of muscle contraction & relaxationAssessment of muscle actionDiseases of muscular system. Trophic disorders of musclesRepair of muscle traumaThe Nervous System. Neurons, CNS, Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nervous system. Autonomic Nervous System. Disorders of Brain, Spinal Cord & Peripheral Nervous System. Responses of Nervous Tissue to Injury:(10 hours)Understanding the microanatomy of Nerve cell (neurons)Arrangement of neurons. Types of neurons & their connectionsFunctions of nerve cell. Impulse generation. Neuromuscular transmissionList the types of nervesStructure of Central Nervous system (CNS)Identification of underlying areas of BrainStructural details of Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)Outline the anatomical relationship of Autonomic Nervous system (ANS) to different parts of body. Types of ANSUnderstanding of the function of CNS, PNS & ANS in relation to a computer functionCirculatory disorder of brainInjury to nervous tissue & repairThe Special Senses. Hearing & Balance of Ear, Sight & Eye, Sense of Smell, Sense of Taste, Disease of Ear & Eye:(8 hours)Structural details of Human ear, external ear, middle ear & internal ear Outline the functions of earUnderstanding the hearing & balancing functions of the earBrief introduction of diseases of earStructural details of Human eyeFunction details of eyeEyesight physiologyGeneral introduction of ocular diseasesBrief study of sense of smellStructure-function relationship of sense of tasteLaboratories:Study of Systematic relationship of Human bodyStudy of Histological structures of SkinStudy of structures of Skeletal, cardiac, & smooth muscle cellsStudy of Histological structures of Spinal cordStudy of structures of Nerve cellStudy of structures of sense organsTextbooks:Anatomy & Physiology in Health & Illness –Anne Waugh & Allison Grant, Ninth EditionReference Books:Textbook of Physiology, C. Guyton, 6th EditionAtlas of Anatomy, Anne MR Agur, Ninth EditionFLUID MECHANICSBEG 2C5 BMSemester IIIYear IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3133 hrs80--20-100COURSE OBJECTIVE: To provide fundamental knowledge on fluid mechanics and give an idea on difference between blood and water flow.Introduction:(5 Hrs)Fluid Mechanics, Definition & Basic ConceptsFluids, classification & propertiesFluid Pressure & Forces:(9 Hrs)Pressure at a point in fluidEquation of Fluid StaticsPascal’s LawAtmospheric PressurePressure Measurement DevicesForces on submerged surfaces: Plane horizontal surface, plane vertical surface and inclined surfaces.Center of Pressure & Pressure DiagramsBuoyancy & Floatation:(5 Hrs)Archimedes PrinciplePrinciple of floatation, Meta center, Metacentric height determinationConditions of EquilibriumFluid Mass Subjected to Acceleration (Translational & Rotational)Fluid Kinematics:(8 Hrs)Description of Motion: Lagarangian & Eulerain Methods, Lines of FlowTypes of Flow: Steady Flow-Unsteady Flow, Uniform Flow-Non Uniform Flow, Laminar Flow-Turbulent Flow, Compressible Flow- Incompressible Flow, Rotational Flow-Irrotational FlowDischarge & Mean Velocity of FlowOne/Two/Three Dimensional FlowsRotation & VorticityEquation of Continuity of Flow for One Dimensional Steady FlowDynamics of Flow:(8 Hrs)Various Forces on FluidEuler’s Equation of Motion, Bernoulli’s theorem and Navier Stoke EquationEnergy of Steady Fluid FlowFlow past submerged bodies, drag and lift forcesConcept of Boundary LayerFlow Through orificesVenturimeter and OrificemeterIntroductions on to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer:(10Hrs)Introduction, System, Substances, Properties.First Law of Thermodynamics.Second Law of Thermodynamics ( Kelvin-Planck Statement, Clausis statement, Entropy, Enthalpy, Heat Engine, Refrigerator,Coefficient of Performance.Refrigerants: Classification and Properties.Modes of Heat Transfer:Conduction, convection and Radiation.One-dimensional steady state Heat Conduction, Parallel and Series Heat Conduction.Free and Forced Convection.Concept of Black Body Radiation, Emissivity, Absorptivity and Reflectivity.Laboratory:Six laboratory exercises will be performed in this course. These are:Newton’s law of viscosityVerification of Bernoulli’s theoremImpact of flow jetFlow through edged orificeTutorial:Six assignments and two quizzesTextbooks:Dr. J. Lal, “Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics”, Metropolitan Books Co. Pvt Ltd., Delhi, 1987R.J. Grade, “Fluid Mechanics”Webster.f.P. Beer and E.R. Johnston, Jr., “Fluid Mechanics”, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1987CELL BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGYBEG 2B3 BMSemester IIIYear IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3-33 hrs80--2025125COURSE OBJECTIVE: To give the basics of cell biology & immunology required for biomedical Engineers.CELL BIOLOGY:(6 hours)Cell structure, function and biosynthesis of cell membrane and organellesCell growth, apoptosis and oncogenic transformationTransport, receptors and cell signaling..Cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and cell movementsChromatin structureBIO MOLECULES:(6 hours)Carbohydrates: Importance, general structure and examples of monosaccharides, disaccarides and polysaccharides, isomersLipid: Importance and general structure, glycerol, fatty acids, types of phospholipidsProteins: Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins; kinds of proteins; functions of proteinsNucleic acids: Building components of nucleic acids, bases, sugars, phosphates, types of nucleic acids, structure of nucleic acids.MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS:(8 hours)Central Dogma: DNA, RNA and Protein synthesisMutation and RepairTechniques of genetic engineering, Introduction, gene manipulation, gene cloningIMMUNOLOGY:(18 hours)An Introduction to ImmunologyAntigen and antibody: Introduction, structure, type, function and its importanceTypes of Antigen-Antibody reactions and its effectComplement system: Complement and its component, Activation of complement system, Classical and alternate pathwaysDevelopment structure and function of immune system: Stem cells, central lymphoid organCMI and Humeral Immunity, Hypersensitivity, auto immunityBLOOD:(3 hours)Composition and FunctionIdentification and differentiation of different cellsHemostasisEUKARYOTES AND PROKARYOTES:(4hours)Microorganisms: Structure, growth and reproductionParasitology: Structure, growth and reproductionVirology: Structure, growth and reproductionMycology: Structure, growth and reproductionLaboratories:Types of Microscope. Microscopy for Prokaryotic and Eucariotic Cells.Blood Cell Count.Antingen/Antibody Reaction.Microscopy for Bacterial Cells.Textbooks and Reference Books:Biochemistry by Albert LeningherTextbook of Immunology by Ivan Roitl (Vol IV)Textbook of Biotechnologyy by R.C. Dubey.Transmission and Distribution by JB GuptaAnatomy and Physiology by Ross and WilsonMICROPROCESSORSBEG237 ECSemester IIIYear IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3123 hrs80--2025125COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge to understand the operation, programming and application of microprocessor.INTRODUCTION:(6 hours)Evolution of microprocessorCalculator and stored program computerVon Neuman and Harvard architectureSimple stored program computer architectureMICROPROCESSOR INSTRUCTION:(8 hours)Register Transfer Language (RTL)Instruction and machine cycleAddressing modes: Direct, indirect, immediate, absolute, relative, indexed, register, stack and impliedRTL descriptions of data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, logical instructions, branch instructions, and miscellaneous instructionsFetch and execution cycle, fetch-execution overlapTiming diagram for register move, indirect read, indirect write and out instructionASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING:(10 hours)Assembler instruction format: Opcodes, mnemonics and operandsAssembler operation: Sample assembly language program and code generation, one pass and two pass assemblyMacro assemblers, linking assembler directivesBUS STRUCTURE AND MEMORY DEVICES:(4 hours)Bus structure, synchronous and asynchronous data bus, address bus, bus timingStatic and dynamic RAM, ROMProgrammable read only memory (PROM), ultraviolet electrically programmable memory(UVEPROM) and electrically erasable programmable memory (EEPROM)SRAM and ROM interface requirementsINPUT/OUTPUT INTERFACES:(7 hours)Serial CommunicationAsynchronous interface: ASCII code, baud rate, start bit, stop bit, parity bitSynchronous interfacePhysical communication standard8251A programmable communication interfaceParallel communicationData Transfer wait interfaceRS-232 and IEEE 488-1978 general purpose interface standardKeyboard and display controllerINTERRUPT:(4 hours)Introduction, interrupt vector and descriptor tableInterrupt service routine requirementsInterrupt priority: Maskable and Non-maskable interrupts, software interrupts, traps and exceptionsVectored, chained and polled interrupt structuresInterrupts in parallel and serial interfacesMULTIPROGRAMMING:(4 hours)Microprogramming, uniprogramming and multiprogrammingProcess Management and semaphoreCommon procedure sharingMemory management and virtual memoryINTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE:(2 hours)Laboratory:Laboratories exercises using the microprocessor trainer kit and assemblerReferences:Ghosh, P.K., Sridhar PR, “0000 to 8085: Introduction to Microprocessors for Engineers and Scientists”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1997Lance, A. Leventhal., “Introduction to Microprocessors: Software, Hardware and Programming”, Eastern Economy Edition, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited 1995Malvino, AP, “An Introduction to Microcomputers”, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 1995\APPLIED MATHEMATICSBEG 204 SHSemester IVYear IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????31-3 hrs80??20100?COURSE OBJECTIVES: The aim of this course is to expose students to theory of complex variables, Fourier and Z-transforms applied to signal processing. The course also imparts the fundamental knowledge on Wave and Diffusion equations with coordinate plex variables:(6 hours)Function of complex variablesTaylor series, Laurent seriesSingularities, Zeroes and PolesComplex integrationResiduesTransforms:(12 hours)Diffusion of Z-transformsOne sided and two sided transformsLinear Time Invariant systems, response to the unit spikeProperties of Z-transformsRegion of Convergence Relationship to CasualtyDifference equation and solutions of difference equations, Representation of system transfer function in Z-domainInverse Z-transformParseval’s TheoremThe Fourier series, Integral and Transform:(15 hours)Periodic functions, even and odd functionsFourier series for arbitrary range and for complex functionMagnitude and Phase SpectraThe Fourier integral, the inverse Fourier integralFourier and cosine TransformsMagnitude, energy and Phase spectrumPartial Differential Equation:(8 hours)Wave equationDiffusion equationLaplace equation and Spherical coordinatesLinear Programming:(4 hours)Simplex methodCanonical forms of solutionsOptimal valuesReferences:E. Keryszig. “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, Wiley, USJG Prakis and DG Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall-IndiaELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITSBEG 239 ECSemester IVYear IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80-?-2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVES: To build on the material presented in SEMI CONDUCTOR DEVICES to include the fundamentals of analog integrated. circuit (IC) operation. Particular attention will be directed toward useful frequency range. Regulated power supplies, power amplifiers and relaxation and sinusoidal oscillators will be discussedSemiconductor Diodes:(4 hours)Ideal Diode.Semiconductor Diode and Equivalent Circuit.Reverse Recovery Time.Load line Analysis.Zener DiodeBipolar Junction Transistor:(6 hours)Construction and Operations.Transistor Configurations.Dc-Biasing.Transistor Switching Network.3.0Field Effect Transistor:(5 hours)3.1Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET)3.1.1Construction and Characteristics.3.1.2Transfer Characterization.3.2Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)3.2.1Depletion Type MOSFET.3.2.2Enhancement Type MOSFET.3.3FET Biasing4.0Operational Amplifier Circuits:(6 hours)Bias circuits suitable for IC design.The widlar current source.The differential amplifier.Active loads.Output stages.Operational Amplifier Characterization:(8 hours)Input offset voltage.Input bias and input offset currents.Output impedance.Differential and common-mode input impedances.DC gain, bandwidth, gain-bandwidth mon-mode and power supply rejection ratios.Higher frequency poles, setting time.Slew rate.Noise in operational amplifier circuits.Power Supplies and Voltage Regulators:(6 hours)Half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.Capacitive filtering.Zener diode voltage regulators.Series transistor-zener diode voltage regulators.Series transistor-zener diode-constant current diode voltage regulators.Voltage regulators with feedback.IC voltage regulations.Untuned and Tuned Power Amplifiers:(8 hours)Amplifier classification.Direct-coupled push-pull stages.Transformer-coupled push-pull stages.Tuned power amplifiers.Power dissipation considerations.Filter Circuits:(2 hours)LC FiltersRC FiltersActive FiltersLaboratory:I-V characteristics of semiconductor and Zenor diode.Input/output characteristics of BJT (NPN and PNP).Study of a discrete component operational amplifier mercial operational amplifier characterization.Power amplifiers.Regulated power supplies.References:W. Stanely, “Operational amplifiers with linear integrated circuits”, Charles E. Merrill publishing company, Toronto, 1984.J.G. Graeme, “Application of operational amplifiers: third generation techniques”, the burr-Brown Electronic series”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973.P.E. Allen and D.R. Holberg, “CMOS Analog Circuit Design”, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York, 1987.A.S. Sedra and K.C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits”, 2nd Edition, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York. SOCIOLOGYBEG299 MSSemester IVYear IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks3--3 hrs80--20-100COURSE OBJECTIVE: To introduce the sociological aspects relevant to societies.INTRODUCTION:(4 hours)Definition of SociologyEvolution of SociologyRelationship of Sociology with other Social SciencesApplication of Sociology in addressing contemporary issuesLANGUAGE OF SOCIOLOGY:(14 hours)Society and CultureTribe, Caste and EthnicityCommunity and InstitutionsHomogenous & HeterogeneousNorms and ValuesCooperation and ConflictStatus & RolesCompetition & ConflictAssociation and GroupFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN SOCIOLOGY:(14 hour)Social SystemSocial Structure: family, caste and ethnic group, religious festivalsSocial ProcessSocialisationSocial and Cultural ChangeSocial StratificationSocial Problem and Social ControlNEPALESE CULTURE AND SOCIETY:(12 hour)Historical ideological and political dimension of Nepalese culture and societyCaste System in NepalEthnic groups and interrelationship among themReligions and festivals in NepalSocial stratification in Nepalese Societies on the basis of Caste, gender, ethnicity and ageCOMMUNITY AND DEVELOPMENT::(16 hours)MeaningNature and HistoryDevelopment ApproachesCommunity organising for people’s empowermentCommunications and community EducationCommunity mobilizationIndigenous and appropriate TechnologyEcology and EnvironmentCommunity Participation in Development ActivitiesGender indifferences and role of Women in energy conservation and development, social cycle, modernisation and globalizationApplication of knowledge of sociology with special reference energy, policy, legal issues and practices, identification of issues and resolutionRecommended BooksInkels Alex, “What is Sociology? Introduction in the discipline and profession”, Prentice Hall of IndiaFoster GM, “Traditional Culture and Impact of Technological Change”Mair L, “Applied Sociology, Anthropology”Gsanlender AW, “Applied Sociology and Opportunity Problems”Regmi Rishikeshav Raj, “Dimension of Nepali Society and Culture”Gurung Santa Bahadur, “Rural Development Approach in Nepal” Deva Publications KathmanduBIOMECHANICSBEG 2C1 BMSemester IV Year IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks41-3 hrs80--2025125COURSE OBJECTIVE: To provide basic mechanical features of Human Body and TissuesForce in Joint:(12 hour)Classification of JointsForces in Elbow, Shoulder, Hip, Knee, Spine, Ankle and WristSkeletal Biology:(6 hours)IntroductionComposition of bone, Quantitative representation Mechanical Significance and organization of Articular CartilageLongitudinal growth of boneModeling and Remodeling of boneFracture healingMechanical Properties of Tissues:(8 hours)BoneLigamentsTendonMechanics of Soft Tissues:(6 hours)CollagenElastinThermodynamics of elastic deformationBehavior of soft tissues Quasi-Linear ViscoelasticityConcept of pseudo-elasticitySynovial Joint Mechanics:(6 hours)IntroductionMechanical Properties of CartilageLubrication of jointMuscle Mechanics:(6 hours)Cardiac muscleSkeletal muscleModalities of Elastic and Viscoelastic Solids, Constitutive Equations,(8 hours)Stress, Strain TensorsConstitutive Equation for Viscous fluid& Hookean elastic soildViscoelasticity and Mechanical modelsIntroduction to Bio-Fluid Mechanics(8 hours)Introduction to Bio-fluidBasics of Blood RheologyBlood Flow in Vessels & its MeasurementTextbook:Biomechanics-Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues Y.C. FungSkeletal Tissue Mechanics, Martin, Burr & ShatkeyBasic Biomechanics, Susan J HallRESEARCH METHODOLOGYRM 2C8 BMSemester IV Year IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????21-1.5 hrs40-?-10-50?COURSE OBJECTIVES: To give the basic concepts on research, proposal and report writing methods for biomedical engineers.INTRODUCTION: Scientific research process, steps, research protocol and ethics of medical research(3 hours)RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:(6 hours)Introduction and DefinitionsTypes of Research :Applied Vs Fundamental, Quantitavive Vs Quantitative, Conceptual Vs Empirical .Validity and ReliabilityRESEARCH DESIGN:(3 hours)Introduction, Purpose and characteristics of a good research designTypes of Research design; Conventional, Historical, Descriptive, Developmental, Action, Field study,True experimental, Evaluation, Ex-Post facto, Correlation, Casual comparative, Case study,Assessment study research.SAMPLING, DATA COLLECTION AND DATA ANALYSIS:(6hours)Objective and principle of sampling.Techniques of data collection.Source and quality of data .Types of measurement.Processing and Classification of data.MEAN, MEDIAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION:(6 hours)Definition.Different method of calculation of mean, median and standard deviation.T-test & Z-testRESEARCH, PRAPOSAL AND REPORT WRITING:(6 hours)Topic selection.Research problem.Research hypothesis.Submitting research proposal.Introduction to report writing.Types of research.Format of the research report.Bibliography. Textbooks and References:Research Methodology by P.R. Joshi.Basic Methods of Medical Research by A.Indrayan.HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IIBEG 2B4 BMSemester IV Year IITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks4-33 hrs80--2025125COURSE OBJECTIVES: To provide knowledge of Human Anatomy & Physiology required for Biomedical Engineering.BRIEF REVISION OF BLOOD COMPONENT. HAEMOSTASIS & THROMBOSIS. DISORDERS OF BLOOD COAGULATION. BLOOD CELLS DISORDERS:(3 hours)Brief revision of blood components. Revision of blood functionsLearning of haemostatic mechanismsEffect of thrombus formation on blood vesselsReview of Blood coagulation & disordersOutline blood cell disordersTHE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. BLOOD VESSELS, BLOOD PRESSURE, PULSE & CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD: (12 hours)Understanding of Anatomy of heart & blood vessels.Study of blood supply of heart or coronary circulation Blood circulation from different organs to the heart & from the heart to different organs.Pulmonary circulationPortal circulationIntroduction of capillary circulation, internal respiration & cell metabolismOutline the heart functionsUnderstanding of cardiac cycle, cardiac output & blood pressureLearning of conduction system of heartBrief understanding of heart diseases Study of the disorders of blood vesselsUnderstanding of disorders of blood pressureTHE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. LYMPH, LYMPH VESSELS, LYMPHATIC ORGANS & TISSUE:(3 hours)Understanding of the component of lymphStructure of lymph vessels Structure-function relationship of spleen Thymus gland & its role Brief understanding of lymphatic, spleen & thymus gland diseasesTHE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, NOSE, NASAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, LARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNGS. RESPIRATION. DISORDER OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT, BRONCHI & LUNGS:(8 hours)Understanding of Anatomy-physiological relationship of upper respiratory tractStructure & functions of Bronchial treeLungs & its topography. Pleura & pleural cavityLearning of lung functionsMechanism of breathing, types of breathing & control of respiration Composition of air Understanding of Ventilation & Lung volumesGas transfer & diffusionBronchial disorders Abnormal lung functions THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, ORAL CAVITY. DIGESTION, ABSORPTION & METABOLISM. DISEASES RELATED TO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:(10 hours)Structure of oral cavity & underlying glandsTeeth systems, functions & abnormalities of teethStructure of alimentary systemFunctions of stomach, intestine & role of smooth muscle of gutUnderstanding of digestion, secretion & absorption capacity of gutStructure-function relationship of liver, billiary tract & gall bladderPancreas & its functionsRevision of Metabolic functions of bodyDigestive system disordersPancreatic & hepatic disordersTHE URINARY SYSTEM. KIDNEY, URETERS, URINARY BLADDER, BLADDER, URETHRA. DISEASE RELATED TO SYSTEM:(8 hours)Topography of Kidneys Microanatomy of kidney Role of kidney in salt-water balanceStructure-function relationship of ureter, bladder & urethraControl of bladder functionAbnormalities of kidney functionsRenal & urinary diseasesTHE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. PITUITARY, THYROID, ADRENAL, PANCREAS, PINEAL & THYMUS GLAND:(8hours)Structures-function relationship of Hypothalamus & Pituitary glandThyroid gland & its role in metabolic & electrolyte control of bodyParathyroid gland & its role in body functionPancreas as an Endocrine organStructure of Adrenal glands & their control in the bodyPineal gland as a biological clockIntroduction to Thymus glandDiseases related to Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas & adrenal glandsREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. MALE & FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. DISEASES RELATED TO SEX ORGANS.(8 hours)Structure of female reproductive tractStructure-function relationship of Vagina, Uterus and Fallopian TubesOutline the anatomy of ovaries and its functionsUnderstanding of Puberty, Menstrual cycle and Menopause in femaleLearning of breast structure and functionsStructure of male reproductive tractGlandular function of male reproductive systemTopographical relationship of Spermatogenesis and circulationProstate gland and its functionPuberty and Ejaculatory function in maleAbnormalities of female reproductive systemFertility disordersDiseases of male reproductive systemMale infertilityLaboratories:Study of Systematic relationship of Heart and Cardiovascular SystemHistological studies of blood cellsStudy of Systematic relationship of respiratory systemHistology of Lungs tissueStudy of Systematic relationship of digestive systemHistology of intestineStudy of Systematic relationship of urinary systemHistology of nephroneStudy of Systematic relationship of endocrine systemHistology of pancreas and adrenal glandStudy of Systematic relationship of reproductive systemHistology of ovaries and testes.Textbooks:Anatomy & Physiology in Health & Illness –Anne Waugh & Allison Grant, Ninth EditionYEAR IIISEMESTER V & VIPROBABILITY AND STATISTICSBEG 304 SH Semester VYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????31-3 hrs80--20-100?Introduction and Descriptive Statistics: (4 hours)An overview of probability and statistics.Pictorial and Tabular methods in descriptive statistics.Measures of location: mean, median, quartiles, percentiles etcMeasures of variabilityProbability:(4 hours)Sample spaces and eventsAxioms, interpretations and properties of probabilityCounting techniquesConditional probabilityDiscrete Random Variables and Probability Distribution:(6 hours)Random VariablesProbability distributions for random variablesExpected values of discrete random variablesThe binomial probability distributionHypothesis testing using the binominal distributionThe hyper geometric and negative binomial distributionsThe Poisson probability distributionContinuous Random Variables and Probability Distributions:(6 hours)Continuous random variables and probability density functionsCumulative distribution functions and expected values for continuous random variablesThe normal distributionThe Gamma distributionChi-Squared DistributionJoint Probability Distributions and Random Samples:(4 hours)Jointly distributed random variablesExpected values, covariance and correlationSums and averages of random variablesThe central limit theoremPoint Estimation:(2 hours)Some General concepts of point estimationMethods of Point EstimationHypothesis Testing Procedures Based on a Single Sample: (5 hours)Tests about the mean of a normal populationLarge-sample test for population mean.Large-sample test for a population proportionThe t-testTest procedures for a population varianceSome comments on selecting a test procedure.Hypothesis Testing Based on Two Samples: (4 hours)z-tests for differences between two population means.The two-sample t-test.Analysis of paired data.Testing for differences between population proportionsInterval Estimation: (3 hours)A confidence interval for the mean of a normal populationLarge-sample intervals for population meansConfidence intervals for population proportionsSmall-sample intervals for means of normal populationsSimple Linear Regression and Correlation: (4 hours)The simple linear probabilistic model and principle of least square.Correlation and the coefficient of determination.Interfaces about the slope parameter beta 1Interfaces concerning um sub x, y and the prediction of future valuesThe Analysis of Categorical Data:(3 hours)Goodness of fit tests when category probabilities are completely specifiedGoodness of fit for composite hypothesisTwo way contingency tablesReference Book:Jay L. Devore, “Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences”, Books/Cole Publishing Company, Monterey, California, 1982.NUMERICAL METHODSBEG 389 COSemester VYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80?--2050150?COURSE OBJECTIVES: To solve the engineering problems by using the theory of numerical computational procedures.Introduction:(2 hours)Introduction to numerical methodNeeds of numerical methodNumber and their accuracyErrors (Absolute, Relative, rounding off error, truncation error, general error formula)ConvergenceSolution of Nonlinear Equations: (8 hours)IntroductionGraphical methodThe iteration methodsThe bisection methodNewton Raphson methodSecant methodFixed point iterationZeros of polynomials by Horner’s method Interpolation:(10 hours)IntroductionPolynomial formsLinear interpolationLagrange’s interpolation polynomialNewton’s interpolation and divided differences.Spline interpolationChebyshev interpolation polynomialLeast squares method of fitting continuous and discrete data or functionsNumerical Differentiation and Integration: (5 hours)IntroductionNumerical differentiationNumerical integrationNumerical double integrationMatrices and Linear Systems of Equations:(10 hours)IntroductionReview of the properties of matricesSolution of linear systems direct methodsSolution of linear systems-interactive methodsThe Eigenvalue problemSingular value decompositionNumerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: (7 hours)IntroductionEuler’s method for solving ordinary differential equations of 1st orderRunga-Kutta methodsPrediction-Corrector methodsSimultaneous and higher order equationsInitial value problemsBoundary value problemsNumerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: (3 hours)IntroductionFinite-difference approximates to derivativesLaplace’s equationParabolic equationsIterative methods for the solution of equationsHyperbolic equationLaboratories:There shall be 12 laboratory exercises using high level programming languageReferences:V Rajaraman, “Computer Oriented Numerical Methods”SS Sastry, “Introductory Methods of Numerical AnalysisS. Yakwitz and F. Szidarovsky, “An introduction to Numerical Computations”, 2nd edition, Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATIONBEG 3C3 BM Semester VYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80-?-2025125?Course objective: Comprehensive Knowledge on Measurement Techniques and Instrument Design for Biomedical Applications. 1.0Measurement and Error:(8 Hour)Accuracy and PrecisionSignificant FiguresTypes of ErrorStatistical AnalysisProbability of ErrorsLimiting ErrorsMeasurements and Control by Analog and Digital System:(3 Hour)Physiological Variable Measurement and Control by Analog systemPhysiological Variable Measurement and Control by Digital systemSupervisory ControlDirect Digital ControlIntroduction to Human Instrument System( 1 hrs)Transducers and Sensors:(18 Hour)General Transducer/Sensors CharacteristicsTransducer/Sensor ClassificationMechanical Sensors:Displacement, Location or Position SensorsStrain SensorsMotion SensorsPressure SensorsFlow SensorsMeasurement Techniques of Physiological Variables using Mechanical SensorsConcept of Biomedical Instrument Development using Mechanical SensorsThermal Sensors:Metal and Resistance vs. Temperature DevicesThermistorsThermocouplesBimetal StripSolid State Temperature SensorsDesign ConsiderationsMeasurement Techniques of Physiological Variables using Thermal SensorsConcept of Biomedical Instrument Development using Thermal SensorsOptical Sensors:Fundamental of EM radiationPhotodetectorsPyrometryOptical Sources and their medical ApplicationsMeasurement Techniques of Physiological Variables using Optical SensorsConcept of Biomedical Instrument Development using Optical SensorsFiber Optic Sensors:Fiber Optic BasicsClassification of Fiber Optic Sensors Intensity-Modulated SensorsPhase Modulated SensorsSpectrally Modulated SensorsDistributed Fiber Optic SensorsBiomedical Application of Fiber optic SensorsMeasurement Techniques of Physiological Variables using Fiber Optic SensorsConcept of Biomedical Instrument Development using Fiber Optic SensorsAnalog Signal Conditioning:(4 Hour)Principle of Analog Signal Conditioning:Signal Level Bias ChangesLinearizationConversionFilter and Impedance MatchingConcept of LoadingOp-Amp Circuits in InstrumentationGuidelines for Analog Signal-Conditioning DesignDigital Signal Conditioning:(8 Hour)Review of Digital FundamentalsDigital to Analog Conversion Process and Networks (DACs):Standard DAC Principle with Binary InputConversion Resolution, Reference Voltage and Step SizeDAC Circuit using Binary Weighted ResistorR-2R Ladder Network for DACAnalog to Digital Conversion Process and Networks (ADCs):Standard ADC Principle with Analog InputConversion Resolution, Reference Voltage and Step SizeCounter Type ADCRamp ADCADC using Successive Approximation TechniqueFlash Type ADCData Acquisition SystemOutput Devices, Display and Recording Systems:(3 Hour)Indicators, MetersInterfacing to Computers and NetworksMimic Boards and DisplaysLaboratory Experiments:Instrumentation AmplifiersPerformance measurements, sensitivity, accuracy, drift, noise, frequency response, input and output impedanceTransducers and Sensors-Design and test a practical circuit to measure the variable like temperature, pressure, light intensity, displacement, and strain and other bio-physical variables using the appropriate sensors.Analog/Digital ConversionExamination of A/D and D/A conversion systems.Text Books:Albert D. Helfrick and William D. Cooper, “Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Technique” PHI.C.S. Rangan, G. R. Sarma, and V. S. V. Mani, “Instrumentation Devices and Systems” Tata McGraw Hill. References:D.M. Considine, “Process Instruments and Controls Handbook”, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985.S. Wolf and R.F. M., Smith, “Students Reference Manual for Electronic Instrumentation Laboratories”, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990.CONTROL SYSTEMSBEG 329 EL Semester VYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3133 hrs80?--2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVES: To provide knowledge on feedback control principles and to apply these concepts to control processes.Introduction(4 hour) Definition of control systems Examples of biomedical equipments control techniques Concept of feedbackClosed loop and open-loop systems Types of sytems:Linear systemtime-invariant systemStable systemSystem Modeling:(13 hour)Differential equation and transfer functionState-space formulation of differential equations, matrix notationMechanical components: mass, spring , damperElectrical components: Inductance, capacitance, resistance, tachometers, transducers and operational amplifier DC Motors:Torque/speed characteristics of shunt, series and compound field motorsArmature reaction and motor operationStarting and speed control of motors, armature voltage and shunt field controlDC Generators:Voltage/speed/load characteristicsShunt, series and compound field machinesAutomatic voltage regulationSynchronous and induction machinesIntroduction of Synchronous and induction MachinesGenerator voltage regulation with real and reactive power loadsGenerator synchronization, load and power factor control, torque angleFluid and fluidic components, Thermal system componentsMixed systemsLinearized approximationsTransfer Functions and Responses:(8 hours)Components to physical systemsBlock diagram and system reductionMason’s loop rulesLaplace transform analysis of systems with standard input functions – stpes, ramps, impulses, sinusoidsInitial and final steady-stateEffects of feedback on steady-state gain, bandwidth, error magnitude, dynamic responsesStability:(4 hours)Heuristic interpretation for stability of a feedback systemCharacteristic equation, complex plane interpretation of stability, root locations and stabilityRouth-Hurwitz criterion, Eigenvalue criterion.Setting loop gain using the R-H criterion.Relative stability from complex plane axis shifting.Root Locus Method:(6 hours)Relationship between root loci and time responses of systems.Rules for manual calculation and construction of root loci diagramsComputer programmes for root loci plotting, polynomial rootDerivative feedback compensation design with root locusSetting controller parameters using root locus, Parameter change sensitivity analysis by root locusFrequency Response Methods:(4 hours)Frequency domain characterization of systemsBode amplitude and phase plots, Effects of gain and time constants on Bode diagrams, Stability from the Bode diagramNyquist plots, Correlation between Nyquist diagrams and real time response of systems: stability, relative stability, gain and phase margin, damping ratioComputer Simulation of Control Systems:(4 hours)Role of simulation studiesLinear and non-linear simulationsPerformance Specifications for Control Systems:(2 hours)Time domain specifications: steady-state errors, response rates, error criteria, hard and soft limits on responses, damping ratio, log decrement.Frequency domain specifications: bandwidth, response amplitude ratio.Laboratories:Identification of Control System ComponentsStudy of reversible DC motor drive systemOpen and Closed Loop Performance of Servo Position Control SystemSimulation Study of Feedback System Using TUSTIM or MATLABDesign of a PID ControllerNon-Electrical Control SystemTextbook:K. Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990. E. Fitgerald, C Kinsley, and S Dumans, “Electric Machinery”, Tata McGraw-Hill India Limited, 1984BIOMEDICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGNBEG 3C2 BM Semester VYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80?--2025?125?COURSE OBJECTIVES: To provide Design Concepts of Embedded Systems.To provide Interfacing Concepts with Micro Controllers.To provide Design Concepts of Biomedical Instruments.BACKGROUND(3 hrs)Introduction to Embedded SystemsIntroduction to Real Time SystemsArchitecture and Design of an Embedded SystemExample of an Embedded SystemHARDWARE FUNDAMENTALS(3 hrs)TerminologyGates and its implementation in practical considerationsOther Basic ConsiderationsMemoryADVANCED HARDWARE FUNDAMENTALS(5 hrs)MicroprocessorsBusesDMAInterruptsTimerOther Common parts.ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING(6 hrs)Basic Concepts of MASM and NASMOptimizationConstruction of Graphics RoutineDevice Driver ConceptsExamplesRecent Software Tools for ALPMICROCONTROLLERS(6 hrs)IntroductionArchitecture of MicrocontrollerAT89c51/52/55 Architecture8255 PPIMicrocontroller Based Medical InstrumentsEMBEDDED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS(2 hrs)Cross AssemblersCross CompilersDebuggersDownloadersSYSTEM DESIGN WITH MICROCONTROLLERS(10 hrs)Design and build a bioelectric amplifierActivity and posture recorderDoppler Ultrasound EMERGING CONCEPTS(10 hrs)VLSIVLSI application in medicineVLSI sensors for biomedical signalsVLSI design with VHDI/VerilogLAB:Interfacing Standard Parallel and Serial PortReal Life Projects with MicrocontrollersSimple Flashing LEDFlashing LED with Push ButtonsSeven Segment Display InterfacingKeypad InterfacingKeypad with Seven Segment DisplayStepper Motor ControlLCD Display Using MicrocontrollerIntroduction to LCD and its Programming ProtocolsLCD with MicrocontrollerLCD Programming with KeypadSystem Interfacing with MicrocontrollerSerial Data CommunicationInterrupts and Interrupt Service RoutineADC with MicrocontrollersActivity and Posture RecorderInterfacing on PIC MicrocontrollersSimple Projects on VHDL in FPGA BoardPROJECT:Students have to prepare one project using FPGA or Microcontroller related to Biomedical Instruments.TEXT BOOKS:Embedded System Primer, SimonThe 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming and Application, Kenneth J. AyalaIBM PC Assembly Language and Programming, Peter AbelThe 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded System, Muhammad Ali Mazidi & Janice Gillispie MazidiREFERENCE BOOKS:Biomedical Digital Signal Processing, Willis J. TompkingCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMSBEG 3B6 BMSemester VYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????4123 hrs80?--2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVES: To introduce the student to analog, digital and data communications systems.Analog and Digital Communication Systems:(6 hours)Analog and digital communication sources, transmitters, transmission channels and receivers.Fundamental limitations due to noise, distortion, and interference and the relationships between noise, bandwidth and information.Frequency domain conceptsRelationship between data rate and bandwidthTypes and reasons for modulation.Continuous Wave Linear Modulators:(10 hours)Amplitude modulation (AM), time domain expressions and modulation index, frequency domain (spectra).AM modulation for a single tone message, phasor diagram of an AM signal, illustration of the carrier and sideband components.Transmission requirements for AM, normalized power and its use in communication, carrier power and sideband power.Double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB) modulation, time and frequency domain expressions.Transmission requirements for DBS, bandwidth and transmission power for DSB.Methods of generating AM and DSB, square modulators, balanced modulators, ring modulators.Single sideband modulation (SSB), generation of SSB using a sideband filter, indirect generation of SSB.Representation of SSB Signals.Transmission requirements for SSB, transmit bandwidth and power, sideband filter examples.Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB).Frequency Modulation (FM) and Phase Modulation (PM):(10 hours)Instantaneous frequency and instantaneous phase, time domain, representations for FM and PM, phasor diagrams for FM and PM.FM and PM signals for a single tone message, the modulation index and phasor diagrams.Spectral representation of FM and PM for a single tone message, Bessel’ functions and the Fourier series.Transmission bandwidth for FM, Carson’s rule, narrow band and wide-band FM and PM signals.Generation of FM using Armstrong’s method, commercial FM requirements.Demodulation of FM and PM signals, the limiter mercial FM radio and stereo FM radio.Demodulation of FM using a phase-locked loop.Protocol Architecture:(4 hours)Need for a protocol architectureSimple protocol architectureOSI ModelTCP/IP protocol suite4.3AddressingTransmission Media:(5 hours)Guided transmission mediaUnguided transmission mediaWireless propagationLine of sight transmissionTransmission impairmentsSignal Encoding Techniques:(8 hours)Digital data, digital signalsDigital data, Analog signalsAnalog data, digital signalsAnalog data, analog signalsDigital Data Communication Technique:(6 hours)Asynchronous and synchronous transmissionError detection and correction techniquesData Link Control:(2 hours)Line configurationFlow controlError controlMultiplexing:(5 hours)Frequency division multiplexingSynchronous time division multiplexingStatistical time division multiplexing11.0General Concept of Wireless Communication System(4 hours)Laboratory Experiments:Examination of AM and FM system.Synchronous and Asynchronous data transmission.Examination of flow and error control techniques.Field visit to communication networking.Text Books:S. Haykin, “An Introduction to Analog and Digital Communications”, Wiley, New York, 1989.William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communications”PHI.Reference Books:L.W. Couch II, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 2nd Edition, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1987.LW Couch II, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems” 6th Edition, Pearson Education, Asia 2001BP Lathi, “Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 1999J. Proakis, M. Salehi, “Communication Systems Engineering”, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1994 ENGINEERING ECONOMICSBEG 399 MSSemester VIYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????31-3 hrs80-?-20-100?COURSE OBJECTIVES:To provide knowledge of the basic tools and methodology of economic studies for evaluation engineering project in private industry, in the public sector and in the utilities area.Introduction:(3 hours)Essential business and accounting terminology.Definition of cash flow.Economic systems.Cost Classification and Analysis:(5 hours)The elements of cost.Classification of cost: overhead, prime cost.Cost variance analysis.Job and process costing.Interest and the Time Value of Money:(6 hours)Simple interest, compound interest, interest tables, interest charts.Present worth.Nominal and effective interest rates.Continuous compounding and compounding formula.Interest calculations for uniform gradient.Basic Methodologies of Engineering Economic Studies:(7 hours)Present worth and annual worth methods.Future worth method.Internal rate of return method.Drawbacks of the internal rate of return method.External rate of return method.Minimum attractive rate of return method.The playback (payout) period method.Cash/Benefit Analysis:(4 hours)Conventional cost/benefit ratio.Modified cost/benefit ratio.Break-even analysis.Investment Decisions: (8 hours)Comparison of alternatives having some useful parison of alternatives having different useful parison of alternatives including of excluding the time value of parison of alternatives using the capitalized worth method.Definition of mutually exclusive investment alternatives in terms of combinations of parison of mutually exclusive alternatives.Risk Analysis:(4 hours)Projects operating under conditions of certainty.Projects operating under conditions of uncertainty.Decision tree.Sensitivity analysis.Taxation System in Nepal:(3 hours)Taxation law in Nepal.Depreciation rates for buildings, equipment, furniture etc.Recaptured depreciation.Taxes on normal gains.Taxes on capital gains.Demand Analysis and Sales Forecasting: (5 hours)Demand analysis.Correlation of price and consumption rate.Market research.Sales forecasting.Criteria for desirable sales forecasting procedures.Factors affecting accuracy of forecasting.Tutorials: 3 Assignments, 2 quizzes, 3 case studies.Note:The case studies will concentrate on economic analysis and selection of public projects, economic analysis and selection of private projects, risk analysis and demand analysis. Recommended Books:E.P. DeCramo, W.G. Sullivan and J.A. Bontadelli, 8th Edition, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1988.N.N. Borish and S. Kaplan, “Economic analysis: For Engineering and Managerial Decision Making”, McGraw-Hill.TISSUE DEVICE INTERACTIONSBEG 3B2 BMSemester VIYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????31-3 hrs80--20-100?COURSE OBJECTIVE:To provide knowledge of interactions between biomaterials and surrounding tissues after implantation in human body.Introduction to Tissue-Device Interactions and Their Importance:(1 hour)Inflammation, Wound Healing and Foreign Body Respond:(10 hours)Acute InflammationChronic InflammationGranulation TissueForeign body reactionFibrosis and fibrous encapsulation.Inflammation and wound healing.The Effect of Biomaterials on the Heat:(5 hours)Biochemical response to biomaterials.Cellular response to biomaterials.Systemic Response to biomaterialsBlood-Biomaterials Interactions:(5 hours)Blood protein general interactions.Specific proteins: fibrinogen and albumin,Platelets.Coagulation plement activation.Endothelial Cells and Biomaterials:(4 hours)Endothelial Cell PhysiologyTechniques for endothelial cell Harvest and culture.Endothelial cell reading studies.The Extra cellular Matrix and Biomaterials:(5 hours)ECM componentsAcute responses in injury or implantation.Chronic response.Cellular interactions.Future challenges.Bacteria and Biomaterials:(7 hours)Specialties of infections due to biomaterials.Nature of microbial adhesion.Tissue-centred or biomaterial-centred.Clinical reviews.Molecular mechanisms of microbial adhesion.Failure of integration due to infection.Surface modification of biomaterials for control of infection.Integrins Adhesion Molecules and Biomaterials:(6 hours)IntegrinsAdhesion Molecules.Integrins, adhesion molecules and biomaterials.Controlling, manipulating the material/host interactions by changing material, Chemistry i.e. surface charge, physical properties eg. Shape, topography, porosity and others:(3 hours)Reference Book:Implantation Biology: The first response and Biomedical Devices, Ralph S Greco, CRC PressMEDICAL IMAGING IBEG 3B3 BMSemester VIYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80-?-2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVE:To provide knowledge in different imaging techniques, their mechanism and equipment.Basic Principles of Medical Imaging:(2 hours)Different types of medical imaging and their functionsRadiation Physics:(7 hours)Review of ElectricityTransformerThermionic emissions and rectifiersAtomic structure and electromagnetic radiationRadioactivityX-rays:(5 hours)IntroductionInteraction of radiation with matterMeasurement of electromagnetic radiation and other particlesRadiation protectionControl of scattered radiationX-ray Equipment:(6 hours)X-ray tubesX-ray control and indicating equipmentFilters and gridsDifferent types of X-ray equipment (portable, fluoroscopy, mammography etc.) Radiographic Imaging:(8 hours)Photographic PrincipleFilm MaterialsIntensifying ScreenRadiographic ProcessingRadiographic ImageExposure factorsImage Quality ControlBasics of Radioisotope Imaging:(7 hours)Types of radioactivity’Radionuclide/RadiopharmaceuticalsLabeling Technique 99Mo/99m Tc GeneratorPrinciple of Gamma CameraSPECT and PETTextbook:Physics for Medical Imaging, FR Farr and PJ Allisy-RobertsThomes S. Curry, III James E. Dowdey&Kobert C.Murry Jr., "Christensen's Physics of Diagnostive.BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION IBEG 3B4 BMSemester VIYear IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????4123 hrs80?--2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVE:To give basic knowledge in different types of instruments used in medical applicationsFundamental of Medical Instrumentation:(2 hours)Anatomy and PhysiologyPhysiological System of the BodySources of Biomedical SignalsBasic Medical Instrumentation SystemPerformance Requirements of Medical Instrumentation SystemsIntelligent Medical Instrumentation SystemsGeneral Constraints in Design of Medical Instrumentation SystemsRegulation of Medical Devices 28Bioelectric Signals and Electrodes:(4 hours)Origin of Bioelectric SignalsRecording ElectrodesSilver-silver Chloride ElectrodesElectrodes for ECGElectrodes for EEGElectrodes for EMGElectrical Conductivity of Electrode Jellies and CreamsMicroelectrodesPhysiological Transducers:(4 hours)IntroductionClassification of TransducersPerformance Characteristics of TransducersDisplacement, Position and Motion TransducersPressure TransducersTransducers for Body Temperature MeasurementPhotoelectric TransducersOptical Fibre TransducersOptical Fibre SensorsBiosensorsSmart SensorsRecording System:(4 hours)Basic Recording SystemGeneral Consideration for Signal ConditionersPreamplifiersSources of Noise in Low Level Measurement Biomedical Signal Analysis TechniquesSignal Processing TechniquesThe Main Amplifier and Driver StageWriting SystemsDirect Writing RecordersThe Ink Jet RecordersPotentiometric RecordersDigital RecordersInstrumentation Tape RecordersBiomedical Recorders:(6 hours)ElectrocardiographVectrocardiograph (VCG)Phonocardiograph (PCG)Electroencephalograph (EEG)Electromyograph (EMG)Other Biomedical RecordersBiofeedback InstrumentationPatient Monitoring Systems:(8 hours)System ConceptCardiac MonitorBeside Patient Monitoring SystemsCentral MonitorsMeasurement of Heart RateMeasurement of Pulse RateBlood Pressure MeasurementMeasurement of TemperatureMeasurement of Respiration RateCatheterisation Laboratory InstrumentationArrhythmia and Ambulatory Monitoring Instruments:(6 hours)Cardiac ArrhythmiasArrhythmia MonitorQRS Detection TechniquesExercise Stress TestingAmbulatory Monitoring InstrumentsFoetal Monitoring Instruments:(6 hours)CardiotocographMethods of Monitoring Foetal Heart RateMonitoring Labour ActivityRecording SystemBiomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine:(4 hours)Wireless TelemetrySingle Channel Telemetry SystemsMulti-patient TelemetryMulti-channel Wireless Telemetry SystemsImplantable Telemetry SystemTransmission of Analog Physiological SignalsTelemedicineOximeters:(2 hours)OximetryEar OximeterPulse OximeterSkin Reflectance OximetersIntravascular OximeterBlood Flowmeters:(5 hours)Electromagnetic Blood FlowmeterTypes of Electromagnetic Blood FlowmeterUltrasonic Blood FlowmetersNMR Blood FlowmetersLaser Doppler Blooe FlowmeterCardiac Output Measurement:(5 hours)Indicator Dilution MethodDye Dilution MethodThermal Dilution TechniquesMeasurement of Continuous Cardiac Output Derived from Aortic Pressure WaveformImpedance TechniqueUltrasound MethodPulmonary Function Analyzers:(4 hours)Pulmonary Function MeasurementsSpirometryPneumotachometersMeasurement of VolumesPulmonary Function AnalyzersRespiratory Gas AnalysersLaboratories:SensorsECGOximetryTextbook:Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, RS Khandpur, Tata McGraw HillBiomedical Instrumentation and Measurements, Leslie Cromwell et. Al., Prentice Hall IndiaReference Book:Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, RS Khandpur, Tata McGraw-Hill (2nd Edition) MEDICAL ELECTRONICSBEG 3B1 BMSemester VI Year IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80--2025125?Course Objective: Completion of this course will enhance the basic knowledge on electronics, characteristic of waveguide and nanotechnology so as to implement these in biomedical applications.1.0Thyristors and Other Devices:(8 Hours)1.1Basic 4 Layer Devices1.2Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)1.3SCR Characteristics and Ratings1.4SCR Construction and Terminals Identification1.5SCR Application1.6Light-Activated SCR1.7Silicon-Controlled Switch1.8Gate Turn off Thyristor (GTO)1.9DIAC and TRIAC1.10Unijunction Transistor1.11Programmable Unijunction Transistor1.12Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)1.13Phototransistors1.14Opto-isolators2.0Stability and Oscillators:(8 Hours)2.1Stability2.1.1Condition for Stability2.1.2Nyquist Criteria2.2Oscillators2.2.1Oscillator Principle2.2.2Oscillator Types2.2.3Oscillator Criteria2.3Operational Amplifiers Based Sinusoidal Oscillators2.3.1Phase Shift Oscillator2.3.2Wien Bridge Oscillator2.3.3Quadrature Oscillator2.3.4Colpitt Oscillator2.3.5Hartley Oscillator2.4Relaxation Oscillator2.5Voltage Controlled Oscillator2.6Crystal Oscillator2.7Amplitude and Frequency Stabilization2.8Integrated-Circuit Based Timers2.8.1Operating Modes of the 555 Timer2.8.1.1Monostable Multivibrator2.8.1.2Astable Multivibrator2.9Signal Generators2.10Use of Oscillators and Signal Generators in Biomedical Application3.0Waveguides and Components:(14 Hours)3.1Concept of Waveguide3.2Waveguide Components3.3Wave Propagation in the Guide3.4Rectangular and Circular Wave Guide3.5Modes in Waveguides3.5.1Transverse Electric (TE) Modes3.5.2Transverse Magnetic (TM) Modes3.5.3Higher Order Modes3.6Power Transmission and Attenuation in Waveguide3.8Waveguide Resonators3.11Tees and Magic Tees3.12Waveguide Corners, Bends, and Twists3.13Directional Couplers3.14Circulators and Isolators3.15Uses of Waveguides in Biomedical Application 5.0Nanoelectronics:(15 Hours)5.1Definition and Background of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology5.2Nanomaterials Generations5.2.1Top Down vs. Bottom up Techniques5.2.2Lithographic Process and its Limitations5.2.3Non-lithographic Techniques5.3Nanomaterials Characterization Tools/Devices and Properties for Biomedical Application 5.4Carbon Nanostructures 5.4.1Fullerenes5.4.2Carbon Nanotubes5.51-D Nanostructures 3.5.1Nanowires3.5.2Nanotubes5.62-D Nanostructures5.6.1Thin Films5.7Single Electron Transistor5.8Molecular Machine5.9Nanobiometrics5.10Current and Future Biomedical Application of Nanomaterials Laboratory Experiments:Thyristors and Other Devices:Study of different type’s thyristor circuit.Examination of opto-isolators. Oscillators:Examination of different types of Sunusoidal oscillator’s circuit.Study of Astable and Monostable multivibrator circuit using 555 timer.Examination of Signal generators using OP-AMP circuits.Waveguide:-Study of waveguide phenomena using a commercial kit.Nanoelectronics:Study of characterization techniques.Synthesis and characterization of nonmaterial’s thin film. References:Rashid, “Power Electronics”, PHI.Samuel Y. Liao, “Microwave Devices and Circuits,” PHIC. S. S. R. Kumar, J. Hormes, C. Leuschner, Nanofabrication Towards Biomedical Applications, Techniques, Tools, Applications, and Impact. Wiley-VchDennis Roddy & John Coolen, “Electronic Communications,” 4/E – PHI/Pearson A.S. Sedra and K.C. Smith, “Microelectronic Circuits”, 2nd Edition, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York.BIOMEDICAL DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSINGBEG 3B5 BMSemester VI Year IIITeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80--2025125COURSE OBJECTIVES: To introduce biomedical digital signal processing techniques and applications.Introduction to Signal and System:(5 hours)Signals – unit impulse, unit step, exponential, sinc, causal, noncausal and anticausal signal.Types of signal: Analog discrete and digitalECG signal characteristicsBasic sampling theoremSystem:IntroductionLTI System CharacteristicsFIR and IIR SystemConvolution summation biomedical discrete systems to discrete inputs.Stability of biomedical system with reference to convergence of power series.Difference Equations and Frequency Response:(5 hours)Review of Z-transformIntroductionPropertiesZ-plane plot and region of convergenceInverse Z-transformGeneral form of the linear, shift-invariant constant coefficient difference equation – signal flow graph representation.Steady state and transient response to sinusoidal, periodic and ECG signalsBasic of Digital Filter:(5 hours)IntroductionElements of Digital filterTypes of Digital FilterStructure of Digital filterCascaded and parallelDirect form-IDirect form-IILattice and Lattice-LadderZ-plane pole zero plotFIR Filter Design:(7 hours)Characteristics of FIR filtersSmoothing filterNotch filterWindow design: rectangular, hanning, hamming, and KaiserFrequency samplingFIR filter design using the Remez exchange algorithm.IIR Filter Design:(5 hours)Classical filter design using polynomial approximations-Butterworth, Chebychev, ellipticIIR filter design by transformation – matched Z-transform, impulse-invariant transform and bilinear transformation.Application of the bilinear transformation to IIR low pass discrete filter design.Spectral transformations, high pass, band pass and notch filters.The Discrete Fourier Transform:(6 hours)DerivationDFT as linear transformPropertiesPeriodicityLinearityMultiplication, Circular convolutionCorrelationFast Fourier transformProperties of the DFT.Power spectrum estimationSignal Averaging:(2 hours)Basic of signal averagingTypical Signal averagingSoftware for signal averagingLimitations of signal averagingData Reduction Techniques(5 hours)Turning point algorithmFan AlgorithmAZTEC algorithmHuffman weldingReal Time Biomedical System:(5 hours)Introduction and needReal time ECG processingPower spectrumDifferentiation TechniqueA QRS detection algorithmLaboratory:Introduction of signal – plot and analysis of different biomedical signalsResponse of a recursive (IIR) digital filter – for ECG AnalysisScaling, dynamic range and noise behaviour of a recursive digital filter, observation of nonlinear precision effects.Response of a non-recursive (FIR) for Domain Analysis of ECGUse of DFT and FFT transforms for ECG frequencySignal Averaging: ECG Signal AveragingData Reduction Technique: ECG Data reduction AlgorithmText Book:Willis J Tompkins, Editor, “Biomedical Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall of India, 1995John G. Proakis and Dimitris G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”Reference:A.V. Oppenheim, “Discrete-Time Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1990YEAR IVSEMESTER VII & VIIIORGANISATION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT BEG 4B7 BM Semester VII Year IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks313 hrs80--20-100COURSE OBJECTIVES: To provide students with fundamental principles of organisation management and also provide basic tools and methodology of initiating, planning, scheduling and controlling of project.Introduction: (4 hours)Organisation and ManagementOrganisation and ManagementFunctions and roles of managementProject DefinitionProject Cycles, Project PhasesSetting of project Objectives and GoalsOrganisation:(3 hours)Organisation and its characteristicsFormal and informal organisationOrganisation chart and types or organisationLeadership and Motivation:(5 hours)Motivation and IncentivesTheories of motivationLeadership stylesManagement by objectivesManagement by exceptionPersonnel Management:(5 hours)Functions of personnel managementJob analysis and descriptionRecruitment and promotionPerformance appraisalWages and methods of wages paymentUpgrading and trainingProject Planning: (18 hours)DefinitionPlanning FunctionNetwork models- CPM/PERTGoal Oriented Project Planning (ZOPP Planning)Project Scheduling with limited resourcesWiest’s AlgorithmManpower levellingMaterials SchedulingMulti Project SchedulingMathematical Programming for minimum cost or maximum project return.Plan of operation and its different forms of presentation.Project Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and Control:(6 hours)Definition of M&EMethods and technique in M&ETechnique in formulating monitoring indicatorControlling SystemProject control systemFeedback control systemCost controlWork Breakdown structureProject Management Information SystemCapital Planning and Budgeting: (4 hours)Capital Planning ProcedureOperating and capital budgetFixed and flexible BudgetReferences:Essentials of Management by Harold Koontz and Heinz WeihrichOrganisation and Management in Nepal by Govinda Ram AgrawalPersonnel Management by CB MamoriaThe Economics of Development and Planning by ML JhinganModern Economic Theory by KK DewettBIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION IIBEG 4B1 BMSemester VIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????4123 hrs80??2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVE:To give basic knowledge in different types of instruments used in medical applicationsClinical Laboratory Equipments: (4 hours)Medical Diagnosis with Chemical TestsSpectrophotometrySpectrophotometer type InstrumentsColorimetersSpectrophotometersAutomated Biochemical Analysis SystemsClinical Flame PhotometersSelective ion Electrodes Based Electrolytes AnalysersBlood Gas Analysers:(4 hours)Acid Base BalanceBlood pH MeasurementsMeasurement of Blood PCO2Blood pO2 MeasurementIntra-Arterial Blood Gas MonitoringA Complete Blood Gas AnalyserBlood Cell Counters:(3 hours)Types of Blood CellsMethods of Cell CountingCoulter CountersAutomatic Recognition and Differential Counting of CellsAudiometers and Hearing Aids:(4 hours)Mechanism of HearingMeasurement of SoundBasic AudiometerPure Tone AudiometerSpeech AudiometerAudiometer System BekesyEvoked Response Audiometry SystemCalibration of AudiometersHearing AidsPatient Safety:(2 hours)Electric Shock HazardsLeakage CurrentsSafety Codes for Electromedical EquipmentElectrical Safety AnalyserTesting Biomedical EquipmentCardiac Pacemakers:(6 hours)Need for Cardiac PacemakerExternal PacemakerImplantable PacemakersRecent Development in Implantable PacemakersPacing System AnalyserCardiac Defibrillators:(4 hours)Need for a DefibrillatorDC DefibrillatorPacer – cardioveter-defibrillarorDefibrillator AnalysersInstruments for Surgery(6 hours)Principal of Surgical DiathermySurgical Diathermy MachineSafety Aspects in Electro-surgical UnitsSurgical Diathermy AnalysersLaser Applications in Biomedical Field (4 hours)The LaserPulsed Ruby LaserNd-YAG LaserHelium-Neon LaserArgon LaserCO2 LaserExcimer LasersSemiconductor LasersLaser SafetyPhysiotherapy and Electrotherapy Equipment:(6 hours)High Frequency Heat TherapyShort-ware DiathermyMicrowave DiathermyUltrasonic Therapy UnitEletrodiagnostic/ Therapeutic ApparatusPain Relief Through Electrical StimulationDiaphragm Pacing by Radio-frequency for the Treatment of Chronic Ventilatory Insufficiency Bladder StimulatorsCerebellar StimulatorsHaemodialysis Machines(3 hours) Function of the KidneysArtificial KidneyDialysersMembrances for HaemodialysisHaemodialysis machinePortable Kidney MachinesLithotripters:(2 hours)The Stone Disease ProblemFirst Lithotripter MachineModern Lithotripter Systems Extra-corporeal Shock-wave TherapyAnaesthesia Machine:(2 hour)Need for AnaesthesiaAnaesthesia MachineElectronics in Anaesthesia MachineVentilators:(4 hours)Mechanisms of RespirationArtificial VentilationVentilatorsTypes of VentilatorsVentilator TermsClassification of VentilatorsPressure-volume-flow DiagramsModern VentilatorsHigh Frequency VentilatorsHumidifiers, Nebulizers and AspiratorsRadiotherapy Equipment(3 hours)Use of High Voltage X-ray MachinesDevelopment of BetatronCobalt-60 MachineMedical Linear Accelerator MachineAutomated Drug Delivery Systems(3 hours)Infusion PumpsComponents of Drug Infusion SystemsImplantable Infusion SystemsClosed-loop Control in Infusion SystemsExamples of Typical Infusion PumpsLaboratories:SpectrometryAnaesthesiaDrug Delivery systemAudiometryTextbooks: Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, R.S.Khandpur, Tata McGraw Hill (Second Edition)MEDICAL IMAGING IIBEG 4B2 BMSemester VIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80--2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge in different imaging techniques, their mechanism and equipmentPrinciple and Equipment for Diagnostic Imaging:(2 hours)Digital Imaging:(3 hours)IntroductionDigital RadiographyPACS (Picture Archiving and Communicating System)Computer Tomography (CT):( 10 hours)Basic Principles of CTGeneration of CTSystem ComponentsRecent Advances in CTMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):(15 hours) Fundamental ConceptsPrinciples of Parameters or MRIBasic Principles of MR Imaging and Related ParametersContrast Enhanced MRIArtifacts in MRIMR ScannersClinical ApplicationUltrasonography (USG):(15 hours)Physics of UltrasoundConstruction and Properties of Ultrasound TransducerUltrasonic BeamModes of Ultrasound ImagingDoppler UltrasoundClinical ApplicationContrast Media in Ultrasound ImagingRecent Advances in Ultrasonic EquipmentBiological Effects of UltrasoundLaboratories:Various Lab works related to CT, USG, Scanner and MRITextbook:Physics for Medical Imaging, FR Farr and PJ Allisy-RobertsIMPLANTABLE DEVICESBEG 4B3 BMSemester VIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????31-3 hrs80-?-20-100?COURSE OBJECTIVE:To introduce various devices which are implanted into the human body during different abnormalities Introduction to Implants and Their Necessity in Human Life:(1 hour)Cardiovascular Implants:(5 hours)Cardiopulmonary bypassHeart valvesVascular graftsDrug administration systems and vascular accessStents, catheters and cannulasPacemakersInferior venacava filtersIntraaortic balloon pumpVentricular assist device and total artificial heartsBlood substitutesNon Thrombogenic Treatments and Strategies:(3 hours)Overview for the design of nonthrombogenic surfaces.Evaluation methods of blood compatibility.Heparin coatingDental Implants:(4 hours)Designs of different dental implants.Chemical environment.Concepts of staging and osteointegration.Dental implant systems.Tissue interfaces.Trends in research and development.Plastic Surgery Implant:(4 hours)Introduction and general principles.Overview of biomaterials used in plastic surgery. Cranio maxillofacial reconstruction.Aesthetic surgery.Breast surgery.Burn and wound care.Hand and micro surgery.Orthopaedic Implants:(4 hours)Structure and properties of calcified tissues.Biomaterials used in orthopaedic implants.Total hip arthroplasty.Ligament reconstruction.Catheters:(4 hours)Catheter materials and biocompatibility.Biomaterials and catheter complications.Thrombophlebitis.Intravascular catheter and thrombosis.Biomaterials Used in Urology:(4 hours)Introduction.Urethral catheter and stents.Prostatic stents.Penile & testicular prosthesis.Artificial urinary sphincter and bladder.Prosthesis for Drug Delivery:(4 hours)Introduction and rationale.Evaluation of prosthesis – mediated drug deliveryMethods of drug binding.Entrapment of drugs in polymers.Covalent attachment of drugs.Different Kinds of Artificial Organs:(8 hours)Introduction.Artificial Pancreas.Artificial liver.Artificial Heart and lung.Artificial skinArtificial reproductive organs.Artificial visionArtificial hearing implant.Introduction to Tissue Engineering:(4 hours)Introduction.General principles.Building blocks of artificial tissues.Tissue and organ reconstruction.Implants and Device Failure:(2 hours)Reference Books:Implantation Biology, Ed. Ralph Greco, CRC Press Inc.Biomaterials Science, Ed. Ratner et. al., Academic Press, 1996Semester VIIPROJECTBEG 4C9 BM Year IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3-3---80120-200?COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objective of this project work is to give knowledge on project planning, researching, designing, reporting and presentation skill. Student should prepare project proposal for approval by the college, write an elaborate literature review, plan and partially complete an individual biomedical engineering design project under the supervision of teacher and prepare project report. Procedures: A detail project proposal not exceeding 10 double-spaced pages submitted to the concerned department within two weeks of the start of the project course. The department then will consult possible supervisor for approval of proposal. This proposal will be evaluated by the supervisor. This proposal carries the 10% of project final marks and this mark will be given by the project supervisor. Literature review not exceeding 15 double-spaced pages should be submitted within three weeks after approval of the proposal.A mid-term progress reports not exceeding 12 double-spaced pages shall be submitted before the 8th week of the term. An oral presentations will take place during the 9th week of term. This mid term written and oral reports will account for 25% of the final marks.Final report minimum of 25 double-spaced pages will be submitted at the end of the 15th week of the term. This report will be evaluated by the project supervisor. This report carries 40% of final marks.An oral presentation of the final report is to be conducted during the 16th week of the term by a panel of external examiner. The oral defence carries 25% of the final marks.STRUCTURAL BIOMATERIALSBEG 4B9 BMELECTIVE ISemester VIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????31-3 hrs80?-?-20?-100?Course Objective: To provide basic knowledge in biological materials.Introduction [7 hours.]Structure of soft and hard tissuesStructure and surface of internal lining tissuesTypes of epitheliaConnective TissuesSpecialized organsMuscular TissuesStructure of hard tissuesProperties of tissuesStructure and properties of synthetic materialsStructure and properties of cellsStructure and properties of biological tissues[9 hours.]Introduction to principles of stereochemistryBasic Building blocksStereochemistry of polymer chainsStereochemistry of polypeptidesStereochemistry of polysachharidesStereochemistry of lipidsStereochemistry of nucleic acidsPrimary and secondary structure of biological macromoleculesPrimary and secondary structure of proteinsPrimary and secondary structure of DNA and RNAHigher order structuresStructure of Extracellular matrix macromoleculesStructure of fibrous collagensStructure of elastic fibresStructure of laminins and fibronectinsHyaluronanCell membrane polymersSyndecan and GlypicanIntegrinsOther polymeric materialsFibrinogenKeratinActin and MyosinMicroscopic and macroscopic structure of tissues[6 hours.]Introduction to methods of cellular and tissue analysisSurface of Internal liningsHistology of Alveoli and bronchi, cornea, peritoneum and pleura, skin, uterus, oral histologyConduit and holding structuresStructures of Blood vessels and lymphaticsStructure of stomach and intestinesStructure of bladder and ureterParenchymal and organ supporting structuresSkeletal structuresDetermination of physical structure and modeling[7 hours.]IntroductionViscosityLight scatteringUltracentrifugationElectron microscopyDetermination of physical parameters for biological macromoleculesAssembly of biological macromolecules[7 hours.]IntroductionMethods for studying self assembly processesCollagen self assemblyAssembly of cytoskeletal componentsActin-Myosin interactionFibrinogenMechanical properties of tissues[5 hours.]Review of analysis of tissue mechanical propertiesMechanical properties of collagenous tissuesMechanical properties of hard tissuesCellular biomechanicsPathobiology and response to tissue injury[4 hours.]IntroductionCellular componentsCell attachment, proliferation and differentiationCellular adaptationTEXT BOOKS:Biomaterials Science and Biocompatibility Frederick H. Silver and David L. ChristianserBiomedical Equipment MaintenanceBEG 4C8 BMELECTIVE ISemester VIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????-15--3 hrs?80-20?100?COURSE OBJECTIVES: To provide basic practical knowledge in Maintenance of commonly used medical devices in district level hospitals of Nepal.Procedures:Students will works on various equipments like incubators, oven, ECG machine, oxygen concentrator, centrifuge machine, other laboratory equipments, ultrasound etc. with an emphasis on maintenance aspects of the devices.Two practical assessments will be conducted during the semester. Each student will be given a faculty device for maintenance during these assessments.Final practical exam will be conducted by an external examiner.MEDICAL INDUSTRY MANAGEMENTBEG 4B4 BMSemester VIII Year IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination ScheduleTotal MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????31-3 hrs80--20-100?COURSE OBJECTIVE:To give an overview of medical industries including hospitals and device industries and to introduce the standards and norms of the medical industries and their products.Introduction:(1 hour)Types of Medical Devices:(2 hours)Different Types Of Medical Device Companies.Structure of Multinationals:(2 hours)Finance and investmentBoard of DirectorsScientific Advisory BoardsRoles of the Medical Device Industry:(3 hours)European, USA ProceduresInternational Standards:(2 hours)Risk Assessment and Management:(3 hours)Failure Modes and Effects AnalysisProduct Liability:(2 hours)Medical Device LitigationClinical Requirements and Their Implication in Device Design:(3 hours)Protection of Intellectual Property:(1 hour)Introduction of Clinical Evaluation of Medical Devices:(3 hours)Control of Clinical Trials, Post Market SurveillanceEpidemiological Aspects of Device PerformanceCase Studies: Implantable Devices:(3 hours)Case Studies: Tissue Engineering Products:(3 hours)Case Studies: Other Devices:(3 hours)Architectural Planning of Hospitals:(2 hours)Basics of Hospital Management:(3 hours)Selection and Purchase of Medical Equipment:(2 hours)Peripheral Devices Used in Hospitals:(8 hours)Electro power SystemRefrigerationAir-conditioningHeatingLaboratories:Air-conditioning PrinciplesRefrigeration PrinciplesElectro-power PrinciplesText Book:Principles of Hospital Administration and Management, R Bindra Hands-outENGINEERING PROFESSIONAL PRACTICEBEG 4B5 BMSemester VIIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????21-1.5 hrs40-?-10-50?COURSE OBJECTIVES:To introduce the ethical and legal environment in which engineering is practiced.Background Perspective:(6 hours)Impacts and consequences of technology on society: effects of major technological development such as printing, gunpowder, mechanization, computers, organic chemistry, communication satellites.Cultural motivations and limitations, eastern Vs western philosophy of change and development.Political and social limitations.Individual freedoms Vs societal goals.Exponential growth.Alternative use of scarce resources and causes of international tensions.Risk and overall cost/benefit ratio analysis in engineering decision making.Education and training of technologists, scientists and engineers.Ethics and Professionalism: (3 hours)Perspective on morals, ethics and professionalism.Codes of ethics and guidelines for professional engineering practice.Relationship of the engineering profession to basic science and technology, relationship to other professions.Roles of Professional Association:(1 hour)Regulation of the practice of the profession, licensing, guidance for training, new entrants into the profession, advice and assistance to engineering colleges, upgrading and maintaining the professional and technical competence of member, providing technical expertise as requested for the guidance and assistance of legislators, seeing to the matter of safety and general welfare of the public in engineering works.Legal Aspect of Professional Engineering in Nepal:(9 hours)The Nepalese legal system as it affects the practice of engineering.Provision for private practice and for employee engineers.Contract law.Tendering.Contract documents.Liability and negligence.Business and labor laws.Relationship to foreign firms working in Nepal.The Roles and Practice of Professional Engineering in Other Countries:(2 hours)Other Asian countries.The USSR and Eastern Europe.Western Europe.North America.Case Studies Involving Professional Ethical Issues Chosen From a Wide Range of Topics: (9 hours)Intellectual property rights: copyrights and patent protection.Personal privacy and large computerized data bases.Industrialization Vs protection of the environment.Risk/benefit considerations in public transportation.Engineers and the military.Science and technology for medicine.Engineers in international development.Reference Book:Carson Morrison and Philip Hughes, “Professional Engineering Practice – Ethical Aspects”, McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., Toranto, 1982.PROJECTBEG 4B8 BMSemester VIIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????6-6---?1004060?200COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objective of this project work is to give knowledge on project planning, researching, designing, manufacturing, reporting and presentation skill. Student should plan and complete an individual biomedical engineering design and construct project under the supervision of teacher and prepare project final reports. Normally the project will be a continuation of VII semester project, where the student will deliver the final outcome of the research with required amendments.Procedures: Student will work on the project report submitted during the seventh semester. If any amendment is required, than the student will prepare amended proposal in consultation with the supervisor.Two mid-term progress reports not exceeding 6 single-spaced pages shall be submitted during the 5th and 9th week of the term. Two oral presentations will take place after submission of these reports. This mid-term written and oral reports will account for internal assessment marks.Final report minimum of 25 double-spaced pages will be submitted at the end of the 15th week of the term. This report will be evaluated by the project supervisor. This report carries 50% of final marks.An oral presentation of the final report is to be conducted during the 16th week of the term by a panel of external examiner. The oral defence carries 50% of the final marks.MINIMALLY INVASIVE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGYBEG 4C2 BMELECTIVE II Semester VIIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3-3 hrs80-?-20-100?Course Objective: To provide the basic concepts of Computer Applications in various medical fields.CHEMICAL SENSORS[7 Hrs.]Objects Of MeasurementObjects of measurementRequirement of chemical measurement sensorPlacement of sensorsElectrochemical SensorsElectrode potentialPotentiometric sensorsAmperometric measurementElectrochemical gas censorsFiber-Optic Chemical SensorSpectrophotometric analysis and beer’s LawFiber-Optic chemical sensorOptical oximetryOther transducerAcoustic bulk-wave deviceAcoustic surface-wave deviceThermal measurementBiosensorsEnzyme-based biosensorsImmunosensorsMicrobial sensorsProblemsReferencesNEURO-ELECTRICAL SIGNAL RECORDING[3Hrs.]Neuro-electrical signalResting potentialAction potentialConventional electrodesMetal microelectrodeMicropipette electrodeProblemsReferencePRESSURE SENSORS[4 Hrs.]Pressure measurementIndirect pressure measurementDirect measurementDiaphragm for pressure sensorStrain-gage pressure sensorCapacitive pressure sensorFiber-optic pressure sensorCatheter-type pressure sensorCatheter-sensor pressure sensorCatheter-tip pressure sensorProblemsReferencesGENERAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS[5 Hrs.]Minimally invasive cardiovascular surgeryMinimally invasive direct coronary artery bypassPTMRPercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplastyMinimally invasive brain surgeryEndoscopic neurosurgery and endoscope-assisted microneurosurgeryImage-guided stereotexic brain surgeryMinimally invasive ophthalmalic surgeryLaser glaucoma surgeryLaser corneal reshaping surgeryProblemsReferencesENDOSCOPIC SURGERY[7 Hrs.]EndoscopesRigid endoscopeFlexible telescopeNew developments and perspectives of endoscope technologyMechanical surgerical tools for endoscope surgeryEndoscopic surgical tools for dissection, ligation and suturingHaptic feedback for endoscopic surgeryEndoscopic electrosurgery, ultrasonic surgery and laser surgeryElectrosurgical technology in endoscopic surgeryUltrasonic surgery and harmonic scalpelLaser surgeryThe basic procedure and equipment set-up for laparoscopic surgeryBasic procedures of laparoscopic surgeryEquipment set-up for laparoscopic surgeryDiscriptions of some laparoscopic equipment and surgical tools New trends and perspectives of laparoscopic technologyArthroscopyInstrumentsArthroscopic knee surgeryProblemsReferencesIMAGE-GUIDED SURGERY[7 Hrs.]Image registrationRigid body transformationNonrigid body transformationExtrinsic image registrationIntrinsic image registrationImage fusionSurgical planningGeneric atlas modelVisualizationStereotactic sugeriesFrame-based stereotactic systemsFrameless stereotactic systemsIntraoperative endosocopy and microscopyEndoscopyMicroscopyX-ray fluoroscopyInraoperative computed tomographyIntraoprerative ultrasoundIntraoperative magnetic resonance imagingScaner designInstrumantation compatibilityInstrument trackingData acquisition and reconstructionProblemsReferencesABLATION[9 Hrs.]Significance and present applicationRadio-frequency ablationBackgroundMechanism of RF energy-inducted injuryDesigns of RF ablation systemAdvantages and limitationsApplication of radio-frequency ablationResearchLaser ablation BackgroundLaser-tissue interactionAdvantage and limitationApplicationsCurrent researchUltrasound ablationHigh-intensive focus ultrasound: backgroundAdvantage and limitationApplicationsResearchCry ablationBackgroundMechanism of tissue damageDesign of cry oblation systemAdvantage and limitationApplication and limitationResearchMicrowave ablationBackgroundDesignsAdvantages and limitationsApplicationsResearchChemical ablationApplications of chemical ablationProblemsReferencesDRUG DELIVERY[4 Hrs.]Noninvasive drug deliveryRespiratory deliveryTransdermal deliveryOral controlled release deliveryOther noninvasive routes of administration Controlled -release drug deliveryControlled-release deliveryTargeted-release deliveryControlled-dose deliveryImplantable system and micropumpsFeedback systemProblemsReferencesTEXT BOOKS:1.”Minimally Invasive Medical Technology”, John G. WebsterMEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSINGBEG 4B6 BMELECTIVE II Semester VIII Year IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80?-?-2025125?Course Objectives:To learn about mathematical foundations and practical techniques for digital manipulation of medical image acquisition, Preprocessing, Processing in spatial and frequency domain and image compression.1. Introduction [9 Hr]1.1 Typical Measurement System1.2 Transducers1.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion1.4 Image Representation and image Analysis1.5 Human Visual System and Image Model1.6 Image Digitization1.5.1 Sampling Theorem1.5.2 Quantization1.7Properties of Digital Images 1.7.1 Histogram1.7.2 Entropy1.7.3 Image Quality1.7.4 Noise in Images 2. Fundamentals of Image Processing [6 Hr]2.1 Image Processing Basics2.2 General Image Formats2.3 Data Classes: Intensity Coding Schemes 2.4 Data Formats 2.5 Data Conversions2.6 Image Display2.7 Image Stores and Retrieval2.8 Basic Arithmetic Operation2.9 Neighborhood Operations2.10 Basic Statistical Operations 3. Medical Image Processing [7 hr]3.1 Medical Image Representation and Modeling3.2 Medical Image Enhancement3.3 Medical Image Filtering and Restoration3.4 Medical Image Analysis and Computer Vision3.5 Medical Image Formation Principal3.5.1 X-Ray Imaging 3.1.2 Computer Tomography (CT)3.5.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)3.5.4 Positron emission tomography (PET)3.5.5 Single Photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)3.2 Medical Image Encoding for Transmission 3.2.1 Image Data Properties 3.2.2 Image Coding 3.2.3 Contour Representation 3.2.4 Quadtrees 3.2.5 Lossless and Lossy Compression 4. Medical Image Segmentation[6Hr]4.1 Pixel-Based Methods 4.2 Continuity Based Methods 4.3 Morphological Operations4.4 Edge-Based Segmentation 5. Expert System [7 Hr]5.1 Object Representation 5.1.1 Position-Dependent Brightness Correction 5.1.2 Gray-Scale Transformation 5.2 Geometric Transformations 5.2.1 Pixel Co-ordinate Transformations5.2.2 Brightness Interpolation 5.3 Local Pre-Processing 5.3.1 Image Smoothing 5.3.2 Edge Detectors5.3.3 Zero-Crossings of the Second Derivative5.3.4 Scale in Image Processing (overview) 5.3.5 Canny Edge Detection (overview)5.3.8 Local pre-processing in the frequency domain 5.4 Image Restoration 5.4.1 Degradations that are Easy to Restore 5.4.2 Inverse Filtration 6. Image Segmentation [7 Hr]6.1 Thresholding 6.1.1 Threshold Detection Methods 6.1.2 Optimal Thresholding 6.2 Edge-based Segmentation 6.2.1 Edge Image Thresholding 6.2.2 Edge Relaxation 6.2.3 Border Tracing 6.2.4 Border Detection as Graph Searching 6.2.5 Border Detection as Dynamic Programming 6.2.6 Hough Transform 6.3 Region-based Segmentation 6.3.1 Region Merging 6.3.2 Region Splitting 6.3.3 Splitting and Merging6.3.4 Watershed Segmentation 6.3.5 Region Growing Post-Processing 6.4 Matching 6.4.1 Matching Criteria 6.5 Evaluation Issues in Segmentation 6.5.1 Supervised Evaluation6.5.2 Unsupervised Evaluation 7. Image Data Compression[3Hr]7.1 Image Data Properties 7.2 Discrete Image Transforms in Image Data Compression 7.3 Error-free compressionPRACTICALIntroductionIntroduction of Visual Basic or C++ builder programming.Medical Image Histogram and Point OperationsFirst- and second-order image histograms, contrast enhancement via point transformations, histogram equalization, and color transformations Geometric OperationsMedical Image resizing, interpolation and decimation, affine spatial transformations (rotation), and higher-order spatial transformations. Linear ProcessingConvolution and correlation, linear filtering, FIR filters, blurring, sharpening, and edge detection Selective ProcessingBlock processing, region-of-interest processing, and line profiles.Nonlinear ProcessingNonlinear noise reducing filters (e.g., median, outlier, and adaptive) and image morphology Text Book Sonka-Hlavac-Boyle: Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision, 3rd editionDigital Image Processing, R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Second Edition, Prentice Hall.Digital Image Processing, William K.Pratt, 3rd editionReference BooksK.K. Shung, M.B. Smith, B. Tsui, Principles of Medical Imaging, Academic Press, 1992.Z.H. Cho, J.P. Jones, M. Singh, Foundations of Medical Imaging, Wiley, New York, 1993.A. Macowski, Medical Imaging Systems, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1993.THEORY OF MEDICAL ROBOTICSBEG 4C5 BMELECTIVE IISemester VIIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????32-3 hrs80?-?-2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVE: To give an overview of robotic and their application in medical fieldIntroduction of Robotics:( 5 hours) Introduction Uses of Robert in medical field Types of RobotsWorkstation based RobotsWheel chair mounted RobotsBody worn robotsMobile RobotsSmart wheelchairsReview of Technology( 5 hours)DevicesArm designElectronics: power supply, Central processor, Communication bus, Motor control and drive sensorsSensorsHuman Machine InterfaceGripperSafetyFuzzy Logic(7 hours)4.1 Introduction4.2 Application of Fuzzy Neural Network for medical diagnosis4.3 Future application of fuzzy Neural NetworkMedical Robotics in Surgery( 12 hours)Robotic surgical systemImage guided surgery: Computer and Robotic basedFuture of Robotic surgeryRobotic Rehabilitation Therapy( 8 hours)IntroductionTechnology OverviewFuture applicationTelesurgery( 8 hours)IntroductionBlock diagramTelerobotic SystemTelemanipulationText Book:Robotics for surgery R.D. Howe and Y MatsuokaMedical Robotics. By Vanja BozovicNEURAL NETWORKBEG 4C7 BMELECTIVE IIISemester VIIIYear IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????3123 hrs80?-?-2025125?Course objectiveThis subject provideInformation and architecture of Neural NetworksModeling of Medical system using Neural NetworksApplication of Neural Network in medicineIdea of Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Logic1. Introduction to Neural Networks [4 Hr]1.1 Introduction to Neural Network 1.2 Historical background 1.3 Applications of Neural Networks in Medicine 1.4 Neural networks versus conventional computers - a comparison ? 2. Neural Networks Architecture [4 Hr]2.1 Biological Neural Networks (structure, activation, lateral inhibition)2.2 Learning mechanisms ? 3. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)[5 Hr]4.1 History of ANNs (Mc Culloch and Pitts, Connectionist, XOR problem)4.2 Feedback (autoassociative) networks 4.3 Perceptrons 4.4 Multi-Layered Perceptrons4. The Learning Mechanisms [8 Hr]4.1 Supervised learning methods4.1.1 Backpropagation 4.1.2 Conjugate Gradient method 4.1.3 Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method 4.1.4 Madalines 4.1.5 Radial-Basis Networks 4.1.6 Cascade-Correlation Networks 4.1.6 Polynomial Networks 4.1.7 Recurrent Networks Time series Backpropagation through timeFinite Impulse Response (FIR) MLPTemporal Differences method (TD) 4.2 Unsupervised learning methods (Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) )5. Associative models [6 Hr]Linear Associative Memory (LAM) Hopfield Networks Brain-State-in-a-Box (BSB) Boltzmann Machines and Simulated Annealing Bi-Directional Associative Memory (BAM) 6. Applications of ANN[4 Hr]6.1 Pattern Recognition6.2 Optimization problems7. Neural networks in medicine [8 Hr]7.1 Modelling and Diagnosing the Cardiovascular System 7.2 Electronic noses - detection and reconstruction of odors by ANNs 7.3 Instant Physician - a commercial neural net diagnostic program 8. Introduction to Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Logic[6 Hr]8.1Genetic Algorithm8.1.1Basics of Genetic Algorithms,8.1.2 Design issues in Genetic Algorithm,8.2 Genetic Modeling, 8.3 Hybrid Approach8.3.1 GA based Fuzzy Model Identification. 8.3.2 Fuzzy Logic controlled Genetic Algorithm8.3.3 Neuro- Genetic Hybrids & Fuzzy – Genetic Hybrids.PRACTICALIntroduction and Key Features of MatlabWorking with Neural Network Toolbox and familiar with recognition, clustering and network trainingNetwork ArchitecturesSupervised NetworksFeed forwardRadial basisDynamic networkslearning vector quantizationUnsupervised NetworksTraining and Learning FunctionsBackpropogation algorithm Modeling and Diagnosing the Cardiovascular SystemElectronic noses - detection and reconstruction of odors by ANNs TEXT BOOKSNeural Networks – A comprehensive introduction, Simon Hayin, 2nd editionAn Introduction to Neural Networks, James A. Anderson, PHIREFERENCE BOOKSAn introduction to neural computing. Aleksander, I. and Morton, H. 2nd editionNeural Networks by Eric Davalo and Patrick Naim Learning internal representations by error propagation by Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams (1986). MEDICAL INFORMATICSBEG 4C3 BMELECTIVE IIISemester VIII Year IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????312380?-?-2025125?COURSE OBJECTIVE: To provide the basic concepts of Computer Applications in various medical fields.Database system -14hrsPurpose of database system, Data models, Database languages, Database administrator, Database users, System structure Entity-Relationship Model, Basic concepts, Design issues, Mapping constraints, Keys, Entity – relationship diagram, Weak entity sets, Extended E-R featuresRelational mode, the structure of relational database, the relational algebraSQL, basic structure, set operation, data definition language, features of SQLIntegrity constraints, relational database design, introduction to normalizationReview of telecommunication and computer networks -4hrsIntroduction and types of networkCentralized versus Distributed ProcessingCommunication channels Network TopologyTCP/IP reference modelSystem analysis and design/System design and engineering -4hrsWhat is system?Essential principle for successful system developmentTypes of system Need for system analysis. Role of system analystSystem Analysis: concept, system approach, system selection procedureSystem design, concept, DD, DFD, Input, Output file designSDLC: various stages, water fall, prototyping, spiralInformation security and privacy – 4 hrsImportance of securitySecurity and integrity constraintsAccess control: Discretionary and mandatory authorizationSecurity and viewsEncryption and decryptionMedical informatics application to health services – 14hrsMedical data: their acquisition, storage and useStandards in medical informaticsMedical decision makingComputer based patient record systemPatient care and monitoring systemInformation retrieval system Expert system and Clinical decision support system -5 hrsExpert systemArchitecture of expert systemCase study of expert system (clinical decision support system)Lab Exercise:There shall be at least 6 lab exercises based on RDMS covering theoretical studies involving medical data.At the end of the course students shall be able to design medical database with report generation.Project Work:A project on medical informatics application.Text Books:Abraham Silberchatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan; Database System ConceptsEdward H. Shortliffe, Leslie E. Perreault – Medical informatics, computer application in health care and biomedicineEdward J. Cimino - Biomedical InformaticsTELEMEDICINE AND TELEHEALTHBEG 4C1 BMELECTIVE III Semester VIII Year IVTeaching Schedule Hours/WeekExamination Schedule?Total MarksRemarksFinalInternal AssessmentTheoryPracticalTheory MarksPractical MarksLTPDurationMarksDurationMarks????31-380?-?-20?-100?COURSE OBJECTIVES: To give an introduction to telemedicine and telehealth and stress its importance in the present day world and in underdeveloped country like Nepal.Introduction and history of remote management of diseases[3 hrs]Definition of Telemedicine and telehealthHistory of TelehealthUse of Telephone in telemedicineUse of current telecommunications technologyTelehealth: A patient perspective[3 hrs]Importance of patient focus for telehealthInfluence of changing role of patient on telehealthProviding health information to consumers andn patientsFuture of patient participation in health care in telehealthTelecommunication technologies in healthcare[4 hrs]Synchronous and asynchronous communicationCatagories of telecommunication technologyTransmission channelsCapture/ Reception equipment: videoconferencingSpecial applications: Radiology equipmentGeneral telemedicine equipmentVendor considerationsTechnical considerationsClinical Applications[6 hrs]RadiologyClinical ApplicationsThe importance of image resolutionUtilization and cost effectivenessBehavioral health careVideo Channel as preferred technologyVideo considerations in behavioral e-healthEthical concerns for behavioural e-healthPractical conciderationsHome careClinical applicationsCost effectivenessDisease managementTelepathologyTeledermatologyTelesurgerySpecial settings[3 hrs]Correctional settingsMilitary settingsTribal communitySchool settingsProjectsInternetTelehealth and relationship with physicians[4 hrs]Changing role of professionals Traditional doctor-patient relationshipCurrent challenges in doctor-patient relationshipObjectives of doctor-patient relationshipoctor patient relationship in telehealthTelehealth care transactions[3 hrs.]Suitable areas for telehealth careTelehealth transactionOperational management of Telehealth transactionsFuture of telehealth transactionsRegulatory considerations, security and privacy[3 hrs]PrivacyConfidentialitySecurityData integrityLegal issuesMarket for telehealth services[3 hrs]Market in primary and secondary careMarket in academic centresMarket in home careInternational marketRural health care marketMarket in militaryContracting for telehealth care[2 hrs]Starting Telemedicine[3 hrs]Understanding missions and goalsIdentifying needs and services to be deliveredIdentifying target clientsIdentifying required resourcesChoosing the right technology for telemedicine[4 hrs]Investment on equipmentEffect of data exchange performance rates on telemedicine programmesBuying bandwidthEquipment and communication standardsEquipment requirement for specific telehealth applications13. Telemedicine and Telehealth in Nepalese Context[2 hrs]Economic considerationsGeographical considerationsTechnological considerationsRegulatory considerations14. Future of Telehealth and Telemedicine[2 hrs]Future health care trendsTechnological trendsCOURSE BOOKS:Marlene M. Maheu, Pamela Whitten, Ace Allen: E-Health, Telehealth and TelemedicineTelemedicine and Telehealth, Adam William Darkins and Margaret Ann Cary. ................
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