CROSSROADS ARTS DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY OF CULTURAL ...

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CROSSROADS ARTS DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY OF CULTURAL DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT

by

VICTORIA ADAMS MCKENNAN

A REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

MASTER OF REGIONAL AND COMMUNITY PLANNING

Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning College of Architecture, Planning and Design

KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas

2011

Approved by:

Major Professor Dr. Jason Brody

Copyright

VICTORIA ADAMS MCKENNAN 2011

Abstract

Community leaders have substantial interest in fostering the local cultural economy as the arts attract both businesses and residents. Because art and creativity are regarded as spontaneous, organic processes, most researchers recommend planning initiatives that capitalize on a community`s existing cultural economy rather than producing contrived elements of creativity. One strategy that fits the framework of such recommendations is the concept of cultural district development. These districts typically evolve naturally to some extent, due to pre-existing urban form and cultural activities. Because this revitalization strategy does not demand large public investments, it is attractive to public leaders. However, revitalization strategies may have unanticipated results at the detriment to those urban pioneers who initially improved the area and catalyzed the districts` reinvestment. While such districts rely on the collaborative efforts of community members, local governments and public organizations can play a pivotal role in allowing them to address such threats with effective policies. This master`s report investigates the process and effects of cultural district development through a case study of the Crossroads Arts District in downtown Kansas City, Missouri. This illustrates how this particular district evolved, why and how planning initiatives formalized the district, what processes and players were involved, and the resulting changes to the area. As the Crossroads Arts District is becoming increasingly formalized, this report will explore the past, present, and future of the neighborhood with insights drawn from interviews and supplementary historical document review. Through a case study of planning activities, through the scope of cultural district development, this report illustrates the organic nature of creative synergy, the importance of community associations, the relationship between the arts and revitalization, the role of public planning in addressing citizen needs, and the dynamic character of communities.

Table of Contents

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................... viii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... ix Preface............................................................................................................................................. x Chapter 1 - Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Planning for Community Development ................................................................................ 1 1.2 Culture and Community Development ................................................................................. 3 Chapter 2 - Review of Literature .................................................................................................... 6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 3 - Methodology .............................................................................................................. 16 3.1: Purpose of Research .......................................................................................................... 16 3.2: Report Methodology .......................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Study Area: Description of the District .............................................................................. 18 Chapter 4 - Case Study of the Crossroads Arts District................................................................ 25 Historic Uses............................................................................................................................. 25 Urban Pioneers ...................................................................................................................... 28 Creating a Community.............................................................................................................. 30 Claiming the Neighborhood...................................................................................................... 33 Crossroads Community Association......................................................................................... 35 First Fridays .............................................................................................................................. 37 Increased Property Taxes.......................................................................................................... 39 Crossroads Arts Planned Industrial Expansion Area ................................................................ 42 Proposed Crossroads Community Improvement District ......................................................... 58 Planning for Livability .......................................................................................................... 61 Constant Change ....................................................................................................................... 64 West Bottoms - The New Artist District?................................................................................. 67 Chapter 5 - Findings...................................................................................................................... 71

iv

Organic Nature of Creative Synergy ........................................................................................ 71 Role of Community Associations ............................................................................................. 73 Arts and Revitalization ............................................................................................................. 75 Role of the City......................................................................................................................... 76 Dynamic Character of Communities ........................................................................................ 78 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 79 References..................................................................................................................................... 81 Appendix A - List of Acronyms ................................................................................................... 84 Appendix B - Summary Table ...................................................................................................... 85 Appendix C - Table of Organizations ........................................................................................... 86 Appendix D - Table of Actors ...................................................................................................... 87

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