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NAME: ____________________________ PERIOD: ___ DATE: ____________ MRS. BRANFORD GLOBAL HISTORY 10~ MOTIVATIONS FOR IMPERIALISM ~Imperialism is a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominateother countries or regions politically, economically, and/or socially. The Roman Empire and the Mongol Empire were two of history's greatest early imperial powers.Then during the Age of Exploration, Spain and Portugal became the leaders in imperialism.While imperialism has always existed, the motives or causes have changed over time.Directions: Using the chart below, respond to the questions. 1500s-1700s (14th-18th century)Age of Exploration1800s (19th century) New Age of ImperialismEmpires conquered other civilizations with the economic goals of finding precious metals like silver and gold finding a direct source of Asian spices that had become too expensive due to Muslim control of trade routes Mostly took place in the Western Hemisphere (North America, South America, Caribbean) Industrialized nations conquered other nations with the economic goals of securing raw materials needed to make goods secure markets to sell the goods manufactured in industrial factories Mostly took place in the Eastern Hemisphere (Africa, Asia, Middle East)How did imperialism change from the 14th-18th century to the 19th centuries?What turning point in 18th century Europe shifted the economic motivations of imperialism?What were the motivations (CAUSES) for 19th century imperialism?the simple version… G G G Why did imperialism expand in the 19th & 20th century?Industrial Revolution and the Birth of CapitalismThe Industrial Revolution was the period in which the production of goods shifted from hand production methods to complex machines. During the Industrial Revolution, capitalism, an economic system with the goal of generating profit and wealth took root. Industrialized nations sought to increase their profit, wealth and power. In order to continue industrializing and turning a profit, industrialized European nations needed many things, but two main needs were located outside of Europe. The first need was for raw materials. Raw materials are the basic material that is used to produce goods such as coal, cotton, iron, oil, rubber, or metals. Without these raw materials, factories cannot produce goods and cannot turn a profit. Many of these raw materials are not available in European nations. Industrialized nations began to look to other regions for the raw materials that were not available at home. The second need created by the Industrial Revolution was the need for reliable markets. A market is an area or arena where goods can be bought and sold. Many factory producers were producing a lot of goods, however, they were producing so many goods that there were more goods than people to buy them. Their markets were oversaturated. In this case, consumer demand slowed and this led to economic depressions. Industrialized European nations sought other markets to absorb or buy the excess supply of their goods. Directions: Use the information above and the conjunctions in the word bank provided to write a sentence that demonstrates a cause and effect relationship of why countries wanted to dominate other countries or regions.as a resultfor this reasonsothis led tobecauseconsequentlybefore / after_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________NationalismNationalism is a strong feeling of pride in one’s country. During the 19th century, this sense of pride often came from believing that one’s nations far surpassed other nations in economic success and political might. Expanding a nation is another way to increase that sense of strength.Directions: Use the information above and the conjunctions in the word bank provided to write a sentence that demonstrates a cause and effect relationship of why countries wanted to dominate other countries or regions.as a resultfor this reasonsothis led tobecauseconsequentlybefore / after_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Social Darwinism and National SurvivalSocial Darwinism was a theory that was popular in European nations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This theory was based on the work of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), an English scientist who is best known for developing a theory of evolution to describe how species change over time. Social Darwinists applied this theory to societies and argued that people were engaged in a competition or “struggle for survival” where the weakest people and nations would be destroyed and dominated while the strong grew in power and influence. Herbert Spencer, one of the most vocal promoters of social darwinism, created pseudoscientific ideas [ideas that were thought to be based on the scientific method, but were later disproven] about inferiority based on skin color. People were classified into races and the domination of non-white people by white men was seen as a natural consequence of the superiority of white people. Social Darwinists argued that by bringing the benefits of European culture, Christianity and capitalism to inferior people that they were saving these people from themselves. Quote from Cecil Rhodes:“I contend that we [Britions] are the first race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race… It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honourable race the world possesses.”Directions: Use the information above and the conjunctions in the word bank provided to write a sentence that demonstrates a cause and effect relationship of why countries wanted to dominate other countries or regions.as a resultfor this reasonsothis led tobecauseconsequentlybefore / after____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________White Man’s BurdenThe “White Man’s Burden” was a poem written by Rudyard Kipling and published in 1899. People understood the poem to explain why white Europeans had a moral responsibility to take control of weaker nations and their people. It was considered a “burden” (duty or obligation) to bring European progress to other nations or regions to help those areas become more civilized.Excerpt from “White Man’s Burden:”Take up the White Man’s burden—Send forth the best ye breed—Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives’ need;To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild—Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half devil and half child.Directions: Use the information above and the conjunctions in the word bank provided to write a sentence that demonstrates a cause and effect relationship of why countries wanted to dominate other countries or regions.as a resultfor this reasonsothis led tobecauseconsequentlybefore / after____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ChristianitySince 16th century European expansion into the Americas, Catholic missionaries believed that it was their moral duty to spread Christianity and convert the “heathens” who practiced other religions. Catholic and Protestant missionaries believed they were saving non-European people from a life of eternal damnation.Directions: Use the information above and the conjunctions in the word bank provided to write a sentence that demonstrates a cause and effect relationship of why countries wanted to dominate other countries or regions.as a resultfor this reasonsothis led tobecauseconsequentlybefore / after_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________New InnovationsThough Europeans had trading posts on the coasts of Africa and Asia starting in the 15th and 16th centuries, they were unable to move into the interior of either continent because of resistance from the people who lived there and disease. In Africa especially, large percentages of Europeans were killed by malaria and yellow fever, two diseases spread by mosquitoes. European horses, the main vehicle for European conquest of the Americas in the 16th century, died from nagana, a disease spread by the tsetse fly in Africa. Unlike Native Americans, who did not have weapons to match the Europeans, Africans had swords, spears, and shields that matched European technologies until the 19th century, so Europeans who tried to fight African groups were usually unsuccessful. As a result, Europeans did not venture far into Africa. In the 19th and 20th centuries, three innovations made it possible for Europeans take over nearly all of Africa and much of Asia: steamships, quinine, and the machine gun. Steamships, first invented in the early 1800s, had the ability to quickly travel up rivers, making it possible for Europeans to avoid direct confrontation with indigenous people and saved them from having to use horses that fell victim to disease. Quinine is a medicine that was developed in the early 1800s and was effective in lessening the effects of malaria, making it possible for Europeans to occupy malarial areas of Africa and Asia. Finally, European weapons technology evolved during the Industrial Era. Factories created more accurate and easy to use weapons that were produced quickly. The first machine gun, called the Maxim gun was a decisive innovation in warfare in the 19th century. The gun could fire 600 rounds per minute and swivel 360 degrees. Indigenous African and Asia armies did not have the firepower to compete with a weapon like the Maxim machine gun.Directions: Use the information above and the conjunctions in the word bank provided to write a sentence that demonstrates a cause and effect relationship of why countries wanted to dominate other countries or regions.as a resultfor this reasonsothis led tobecauseconsequentlybefore / after_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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