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Six Kingdoms of Living Things: Notes Kingdom is the highest rank used in the biological taxonomy of all organisms. There are 6 kingdoms in taxonomy. Every living thing comes under one of these 6 kingdoms. The six kingdoms are Eubacteria, Archae, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. History Until the 20th century, most biologists considered all living things to be classifiable as either a plant or an animal. But in the 1950s and 1960s, most biologists came to the realization that this system failed to accommodate the fungi, protists, and bacteria. By the 1970s, a system of Five Kingdoms had come to be accepted as the model by which all living things could be classified. At a more fundamental level, a distinction was made between the prokaryotic bacteria and the four eukaryotic kingdoms (plants, animals, fungi, & protists). The distinction recognizes the common traits that eukaryotic organisms share, such as nuclei, cytoskeletons, and internal membranes. Although many books and articles still refer to them as "Archaebacteria", that term has been abandoned because they aren't bacteria -- they're Archaea. Retrieved 4/30/14DescriptionAbility to make foodNumber of cells Examples ArcheaExtreme salty water, sewer, acid, thermal Microspcopic3.5 billion years oldNo oxygenDecomposers: Get energy from other organismsAutotrophs: Make own food from chemicals UnicellularProkaryotes (simple cells no nucleus)Methanogens: Create methaneHalophiles: High SaltThermophiles: HeatEubacteriaLive Everywhere, EXCEPT extreme environments, including on you.Harmful and beneficialAutotrophsSome photosynthetic: Some absorb foodDecomposersUnicellularProkaryotes (simple cells no nucleus)E ColiSalmonellaProtistaOdds and ends kingdom members are different Some autotrophicSome heterotrophicSome animal like, plant-like, fungi like.Unicellular and Multi cellularAll Eukaryote (Complex with nucleus and organelles)Paramecium AlgaeKelpFungiFungi 'eat' by releasing enzymes to break down nutrients then absorb. Fungi always live in and on their food.Absorptive heterotrophsUnicellular (yeast only)Rest are multicellularAll EukaryoteMushroomsMoldYeastMildewPlantaePhotosynthesis12 major groups or PhylaClassified by tissue, seed and statureAutotrophsProducerPlants are autotrophsMake their own foodMulticellular consists of complex cells.EukaryoteEelgrassAnimaliaOxygenGrowReproduceOver 2 mill speciesAll HeterotrophsConsumers:Herbivores, omnivores and carnivoresMulticellularEukaryoteSeal otterChinook salmonGeoduckBald EagleAnimaliaAll animals are multicellular and EukaryotesAll animals are consumersInvertebrateNo Backbone32 PhylumVertebrateBackbonePhylum: ChordataClassificationDescriptionExampleClassificationDescriptionExamplePhylumCnidaria (Coelenterata)Aquatic One opening for anus and mouthNo brain or heartSea anemones CoralJellyfishClass AmphibiaWater/landCold-blooded (ecto)MetamorphosisBreathes thru skinFrogsSalamanders newtsPhylum AnnelidaAquatic and terrestrialSegemented wormsEarthwormLeechEarthwormClass AvesFeathers, wings hollow bones, eggsOwl, Eagle, OspreyPhylum ArthropodaDiverseExoskeletonSegmented bodyJointedAppendagesCentipedes, Spiders, Scorpions, Insects and Crustaceans.Class OsteichthyesBony Fish 96%GillsCold Blooded (ecto)SalmonSharkTroutPhylum MolluscaSoft bodyMost hard shellNo legsTentaclesSquidsOctopusSnailsSlugClassReptiliaCold-blooded (ecto)ScalesLungs for breathingTurtlesLizards, snakesCrocodilesPhylum EchinodermataEndoskeletonNo blood!Tiny feet all overStarfishClassMammaliaWarm-blooded (endo)MilkHairSeal harborHumanBearPhylumPoriferaNo organsSimplest animalSponges ................
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