How Foods Affect Blood Sugar: A Guide for Vietnamese Patients with ...
How Foods Affect Blood Sugar: A Guide for Vietnamese Patients
with Diabetes and Their Providers
Elizabeth Aong, MPH & Dietetic student
University of Washington - Nutritional Sciences, Winter 2013
Background
Features
It was been estimated that 5.3% of Vietnamese in the
United States have been diagnosed with diabetes. (1)
Per Dr. Carey Jackson, director of Harborview Medical
Center¡¯s International Medicine Clinic (IMC), diabetes
maintenance has been a longstanding issue with the
Vietnamese patients that receive medical care at the
IMC. There is a need for culturally appropriate patient
education tools to help educate diabetic Vietnamese
patients about food and its effect on blood sugars.
?Video slideshow narrated in Vietnamese
?English and Vietnamese text
?Photographs of food commonly eaten by
Vietnamese Americans
?Basic information about how foods affect
blood sugar
?Education about proper portion sizes for
foods and meals
Purpose
The goal of this project was to construct a slideshow
tool for the diabetic Vietnamese population to gain a
better understanding of how foods affect their blood
sugar. Slideshow topics included carbohydrates
(starches, fruit, dairy, sweets), drinks, proteins, nonstarchy vegetables, extras, meals, and cooking tips.
?Diet strategies for diabetic or pre-diabetic
patients
Vietnamese Diabetic Findings and
Teaching Points
?Rice, noodles, fruits, and condensed milk are large
contributors of excess carbohydrate intake
?Adding sugar to meat marinades, flavoring soups with
sugar, and adding Ensure powder to milk are practices
that contribute to excess carbohydrate intake
?Focus on carbohydrate portion sizes rather than
changing the types of foods eaten
?Use small rice bowls, fists, and palms as units of
measurement. American cooking equivalents (e.g.
cups, tablespoons) are unfamiliar to this population
?Traditional Vietnamese food practice involves eating
meals in a communal fashion. This is a barrier to
utilizing the common ¡°MyPlate¡± (2) teaching method
where individuals are taught to portion their
carbohydrate, protein, and vegetable intakes
Conclusions
Methods
Information on Vietnamese American food practices
was collected from a Vietnamese American cultural
patient advisor from Harborview. Meetings were held
with dietitians and primary care providers who work
with the Vietnamese patient population to gain insight
on common Vietnamese health beliefs and practices
that relate to food and diabetes. A literature review on
nutrition, diabetes, and cross cultural care was
conducted prior to the initiation of this project.
Time was spent visiting Vietnamese grocery stores
and delis in the Seattle area to purchase and
photograph foods for the slideshow.
(1) U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Minority Health. (2013). Diabetes
and asian and pacific islanders. Retrieved from
(2) United States Department of Agriculture. Food groups. Retrieved from website:
The Vietnamese population requires tailoring of
educational tools to include culturally appropriate
foods, commonly used portion sizes, and common
food beliefs and practices. More tools like this are
needed on other health topics (e.g. hypertension) in
order to bridge the communication and cultural gap
between health care providers and patients.
Acknowledgements
This project would not have been possible without the
support of Harborview Medical Center staff Yetta
Levine, Kim Lundgreen, Lorren Negrin, Iwona
Steplewska, Dr. Carey Jackson, and Christine Wilson
Owens. Resources for this project were provided by
Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, WA.
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