A Comparison of Word-Processed and Handwritten Essays …
A C T Research Report Series
93-8
A Comparison of Word-Processed and Handwritten Essays From a Standardized Writing Assessment
Edward Wolfe Sandra Bolton Brian Feltovich Catherine Welch
December 1993
For additional copies write: ACT Research Report Series P.O. Box 168 Iowa City, Iowa 52243
?1993 by The American College Testing Program. All rights reserved.
Essay Composition 1
A Comparison of Word Processed and Handwritten Essays from a Standardized Writing Assessment Edward W. Wolfe Sandra Bolton Brian Feltovich Catherine Welch American College Testing
Running head: ESSAY COMPOSITION
Essay Composition 2
Abstract
The two studies described here compare essays composed on word processors to those composed with pen and paper for a standardized writing assessment. The following questions guided these studies: 1) Are there differences in test administration and writing processes associated with handwritten versus word processor writing assessments?, and 2) Are there differences in how raters evaluate handwritten versus word processor format? Study 1 revealed that there are some differences in the manner in which students approach writing essays when given a choice of the two formats. Study 2 revealed that there are differences in the manner in which essays in each format are scored by raters.
Essay Composition 3
Table o f Contents
Page
B a c k g r o u n d .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Study 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Design ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Results ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Study 2 .............................................................................................................................................................10 Design ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Results ............................................................................................................................................. -12
Discussion ................................................................................................................................................... 15
References ................................................................................................................................................... 18
Table 1: Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Table 5: Table 6: Table 7: Table 8:
Descriptive Statistics for each M o d e ................................................................................. 20 Inter-reader Correlations for each Mode ........................................................................20 Generalizability Study Results .......................................................................................... 21 Mode x Version ANOVA R e s u l t s ....................................................................................21 Mean Frequencies for Processing Option U s e .............................................................. 22 Mean Frequencies for Content Categories .................................................................... 22 Processing Actions for Essay S c o r i n g ..............................................................................23 Example Coding S h e e t ..........................................................................................................24
Appendix A ................................................................................................................................................... 25
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