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Station 1 – Rise of the Qin, End of the Warring States PeriodRead the primary source individually. After everyone is done, discuss what you think this document is saying, referring back to the document in your discussionCreate a stick figure of the ruler of the Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huangdi. Add symbols, images, or other additions to your stick figure to describe specific actions that he took to unify and control China. Consider also adding information of how he was viewed in the primary sourceUnderneath your stick figure, describe what should be taken into consideration about the source of the document (ex: When was it written, who wrote it, etc.), and why/how it could influence the doc Based on your study guide, based on this activity, what are 3 things that you believe are the most important to remember about the Qin Dynasty?Answer the following questions and explain why you chose the answer that you did. “This massive project was no mere monument to a deceased ruler. In a culture that believed the living and the dead formed a single community, Qin Shihuangdi’s tomb complex was a parallel society, complete with walls, palaces, cemeteries, demons, spirits, soldiers, administrators, entertainers, calendars, texts, divination records, and the luxurious objects appropriate to royalty. The tomb itself was like a mountain, a geographic feature that in Chinese thinking was home to gods, spirits, and immortals. From this mound Qin Shihuangdi would rule forever over his vast domain, although invisible to the living.” Robert Strayer & Eric Nelson: Ways of the World SourcebookThe picture of the Terracotta army is clearly an example of The ability of Classical rulers to mobilize resources within a state and specialize jobs.The practice of Classical rulers commissioning art that exalted the ruler to his people. The practice of Classical rulers of imposing belief systems from the top down. The continuity of the Chinese practice of ancestor veneration. KC 2.2III, Env. 2, SB1, 2; SOC 2. Contextualization, PeriodizationThe construction of Emperor Qin Shihuangdi’s Funerary Complex best reflects which of the following factors of his reign?Shihuangdi placed emphasis on art and learning to preserve his prestige as ruler. Shihuangdi unified China through force and military strength.Shihuangdi erected hundreds of monuments similar to this to glorify his rule.Shihuangdi’s rule was long and prosperous. Station 1 – Rise of the Qin, End of the Warring States PeriodSima Qian C. 145 BCE. Scribe during the Han Dynasty. Memorial on the annexation of Feudal States, describing the unification of China under the Qin C. 221 BCE…?Now, with the might of?Qin and the virtues of?Your Highness, at one stroke, like sweeping off? the dust from a kitchen stove, the feudal lords can be annihilated, imperial rule can be established, and unification of?the world can be brought about. This is the one moment in ten thousand ages. If Your Highness allows it to slip away?and does not press the advantage in haste, the feudal lords will revive their strength and organize themselves into an antiQin alliance. Then no one, even though he possess the virtues of?the Yellow Emperor, would be able to annex their territories.Your servant suggests that all books in the imperial archives, save the memoirs of? Qin, be burned. All persons in the empire, except members of? the Academy? of? Learned Scholars, in possession of? the Classic of Odes, the Classic of Documents, and discourses of the hundred philosophers should take them to the local governors and have them indiscriminately?burned. Those who dare to talk?to each other about the Odes and Documents should be executed and their bodies exposed in the marketplace. Anyone referring?to the past to criticize the present should, together with all members of?his family, be put to death.Station 2 – End of the Roman Republic, Rise of the EmpireTacitus, a Roman Senator, begins the Annals?by describing how the civil war and proscriptions (mass executions of political opponents) had destroyed the Republic. (Written in 117 CE, describing the fall of the Republic, C. 32 BCE)Augustus won over the soldiers with gifts, the populace with cheap corn, and all men with the sweets of repose, and so grew greater by degrees, while he concentrated in himself the functions of the Senate, the magistrates, and the laws. He was wholly unopposed, for the boldest spirits had fallen in battle, while the remaining nobles, the readier they were to be slaves to Augustus, were raised the higher by wealth and promotion.Knowing that the people had a longing for the democracy of the Republic, Augustus, the founder of the Roman Empire, gave the senate, a group of wealthy Roman men, some authority to rule, or so it seemed. Although he claimed to give these men power to keep the masses happy, Augustus was truly an emperor, a dictator in all senses of the word. Augustus added law to the existing law set of the Roman Empire, the Twelve Tables. He felt no need to consult anyone, the senate or other elites, known as the Equites. This showed that Augustus indeed had little concern for the wishes of anyone, and acted largely as a dictator. During his reign of approximately 40 years, Augustus doubled the already massive size of the Roman Empire.Station 2 – End of the Roman Republic, Rise of the EmpireRead the primary source individually. After everyone is done, discuss what you think this document is saying, referring back to the document in your discussionCreate a stick figure of the ruler of the Roman Empire, Augustus Caesar. Add symbols, images, or other additions to your stick figure to describe specific actions that he took to strengthen and control rome and its peopleUnderneath your stick figure, describe what should be taken into consideration about the source of the document. Does Tacitus like Augustus? Why or why not?Based on your study guide, based on this activity, what are 3 things that you believe are the most important to remember about the Rise and success of the Roman Empire?Answer the following questions and explain why you chose the answer that you did.“Augustus seduced the army with bonuses, and his cheap food policy was successful bait for civilians. Indeed, he attracted everybody’s goodwill by the enjoyable gift of peace. Then he gradually pushed ahead and absorbed the functions of the senate, the officials, and even the law. Opposition did not exist. War or judicial murder had disposed of all men of spirit.”-Tacitus, Roman historian, c. 100 C.E., commenting on the reign of Augustus Caesar (27 B.C.E.–14 C.E.)The excerpt above expresses support for which of the following assertions?There was a great deal of political upheaval during the reign of AugustusRoman citizens continued to remain loyal to the ideals of the Republic during the reign of AugustusAugustus used the peace and prosperity of his reign to enact sweeping political changesAugustus was an exceptional figure, without parallel in Roman historyIn addition to the methods mentioned in the excerpt, the use of diplomacy, building fortifications, and accessing local populations as a source for new soldiers were all techniques used by imperial rulers toproject military power over conquered areascreate administrative institutions in new areasdevelop trade centers and new citiesmaintain levels of loyalty among elitesStation 3: Fall of the Roman EmpireRead the primary sources, individually. After everyone is done, discuss what you think this document is saying, referring back to the document in your discussion.What year did the Roman Empire fall? When would you say the fall began? (use your textbooks if needed)Using the sources, along with number 12 of study guide #, list the causes for the fall of the Roman Empire. Be specific. You should be able to come up with at least 5As a group, rate each cause for a decline on a scale from 1 – 10, 10 being the MOST significant cause, and 1 being the LEAST significant cause for their decline. Answer the following questions and explain why you chose the answer that you did:Station 3: Fall of the Roman EmpireDocument 1Document 2St. Jerome, theologian, known best for translating most of the Christian Bible into Latin, observations describing the devastation of the Roman Empire, C. 406 CE:"Nations innumerable and most savage have invaded all Gaul (Northern Roman Empire, Germany) . . . Oh wretched Empire! Mayence?[Mainz, Germany], formerly so noble a city, has been taken and ruined, and in the church many thousands of men have been massacred. Who could believe this? How could the whole tale be worthily told? How Rome has fought within her own bosom not for glory, but for preservation - nay, how she has not even fought, but with gold and all her precious things has ransomed her life...Who could believe that Rome, built upon the conquest of the whole world, would fall to the ground? . . . That all the regions of the East, of Africa and Egypt, once ruled by the queenly city, would be filled with troops of slaves and handmaidens? Document 3Station 4: Rise of the Han DynastyBefore you start reading, as a group, in your notes, quickly define the following in your own words:DaoismConfucianismLegalismMandate of HeavenRead the primary sources, individually. After everyone is done, discuss what you think this document is saying, referring back to the document in your discussion.According to the document, what did the Qin do to lose the Mandate of Heaven? Based on the final paragraph of the reading, what are the two ideas that came to dominate political and cultural values in China during the Han? Explain.Using the sources, along with number 9 of study guide #, identify and explain the main difference in the views on Confucianism in Qin and Han.Station 4: Rise of the Han DynastyThe rise of Han Dynasty: Confucianism, and the Legalist/Confucian compromise. When the founder of the Han Dynasty, Emperor WuDong Zhongshu’s proposals to completely revolutionize the Han government under Emperor Wu. C. 110 BCE Now at the end of the Zhou era, the house of Zhou utterly departed from the Dao and so lost its empire. The Qin succeeded the Zhou, but was unable to reform and in fact merely exaggerated the evils of the time. With a heavy hand it banned the study of culture and books could not be owned; it discarded ritual and righteousness and detested so much as hearing of them. The purpose was to wipe out the Dao of the former kings entirely and have free rein to exercise an arbitrary and illicit form of government. It was because of this that after reigning as Sons of Heaven for a mere fourteen years, their empire was broken and destroyed. From the beginning of time, none has ever matched the Qin in ravaging the people of the world by following upon chaos with chaos. Confucius said, “Rotted wood cannot be carved, a wall of manure cannot be whitewashed.” Now the Han has succeeded the Qin, but China is like rotten wood or a wall of manure: though you wish to govern well there is no way it can be done. The Poetry says, “Serve the people, serve the gentlemen; blessings shall come down from Heaven.” If you govern so as to serve the people, blessings will surely come from Heaven. What a true king should cultivate are the five norms of ren, righteousness, ritual, wisdom, and faith. When these five are embellished blessings will come down from Heaven and the magic of the spirits will assist you. The power of your grace will extend beyond the borders and reach to all living things.291761891152Station 5: Fall of the Han Dynasty Read the primary sources, individually. After everyone is done, discuss what you think this document is saying, referring back to the document in your discussion.Using the sources, along with number 12 of study guide #, and the internet if desired, list the causes for the fall of the Han Empire. Be specific. You should be able to come up with at least 5As a group, rate each cause for a decline on a scale from 1 – 10, 10 being the MOST significant cause, and 1 being the LEAST significant cause for their decline. Using the text, the information from other stations, your study guide, and notes, create a timeline spanning from 250 BCE – 550 CE. Choose two colors, one for Rome, one for China. Create a timeline for your own reference, including the following events: Rise of the Qin DynastyRise of the Han DynastyRise of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Han DynastyAdd 1 more event after the fall of the Han Dynasty to explain what China looked like after it fellAdd 1 more event to the fall of the Roman Empire to explain what Europe looked like after it fellFor each event, create one image on your timeline to best describe the most significant part of the rise or fall of each empire in a single image. Ask if you need help. Station 5: Fall of the Han DynastyAlthough Confucian, Emperor Wu’s goal was to break that stalemate by following the two primary Legalist principles as well: increase state wealth by enlarging the state treasury to support stronger armies. Using his new wealth, Emperor Wu grew the Han to the largest size thus far in Chinese History. By the close of Emperor Wu’s range, China’s territory was of almost unimaginable size, given the highly centralized form of government, the early state of communications and transport, and the forbidding nature of the newly conquered terrain, including vast desert lands in the west and jungles in the south.But the cost to the state of these sustained military adventures was enormous. If Emperor Wu had emulated the First Emperor of the Qin in the success of his conquests, he had equally duplicated the degree to which the Qin had exhausted the people. And unlike the Qin, he had not, in the end, been able to secure adequate revenues to maintain his treasury. Ultimately, the economy was depleted.In the hundred years to come, over-taxation led to peasant rebellions, and nomadic forces throughout the region, along with these rebellions, resulted in the gradual decline of the Empire. Although great in size, little money and vast borders became challenging to defend. Several leaders attempted to keep the empire unified, but several groups vying for power resulted in widespread violence and conflict in an effort to gain power. Ultimately, no one man or family was able to prevail, and the final fall of the Han in 220 led to a split in the state, ushering in an era of disunity that lasted over 300 years. ................
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