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Supplementary Table S2: Intervention details for the 58 interventions included in the meta-analysisCitationControlInterventionTargetIntensive PhaseaM/BBrief DescriptionLengthbDeliverySessionsDosecAlkon1WLNAP SACCChild7GRPNRNRNChildcare-based intervention consisting of assessment, revision, development, and implementation of childcare centers’ nutrition and physical activity policies and practices, educational workshops on nutrition and physical activity for childcare providers, staff, and parents, and consultations provided by trained nurse consultants.ParentGRP1NRNFacilitatorGRP5300YAnnesi4NTStart for LifeChild9GRP1957313NPreschool-based intervention consisting of structured physical activity for children with an emphasis on motor and behavioral skills including perceptions of mastery, accomplishment certificates, and stress management techniques (e.g., deep breathing, yoga). Teachers received training to deliver the daily lesson plans and physical activities.FacilitatorGRP1240NBarkin8ActiveSalud Con La FamiliaChild3GRP121080NCommunity-based, culturally tailored intervention consisting of parent and child groups for skills building sessions to improve family nutrition, physical activity, and media use.ParentGRP121080NBarkin11ActiveGROW HealthierChild12GRP121080NCommunity-based intervention consisting of parent and child groups for skills building to improve nutritional choices, physical activity, use of the family and built environment, parenting, and healthy sleep and to decrease screen time. Maintenance and sustainability phases included monthly coaching telephone calls and cues to action (texts/letters/calls) to support heathy family behaviors.ParentIND + GRP121080YBellows22ActiveMighty MovesChild4GRP721260NPreschool-based intervention consisting of gross motor skills development and structured physical activities with music and storytelling. Home connection materials were provided for parental education and for children to practice skills at home.ParentINDNNRNFacilitatorIND1240YBonis28 WLNAP SACCChild6GRPNNRNChildcare-based intervention consisting of assessment, revision, development, and implementation of childcare centers’ nutrition and physical activity policies and practices, educational workshops on nutrition and physical activity for childcare providers, staff, and parents, and consultations provided by trained nurse consultants.ParentINDNNRNFacilitatorGRP4240YButte30ActiveMEND2-5Child3GRP9810YCommunity-based multicomponent intervention delivered to children and their families by bilingual health professionals that emphasized healthy lifestyles including behavior, nutrition, and physical activity.Cloutier36NTSteps to Growing Up HealthyChild12Dyad14YClinic-based intervention consisting of pediatrician or nurse delivered brief motivational counselling during clinic visits to parent-child dyads with telephone follow-up by community health workers to address four behaviors: milk consumption, juice or sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, screen time, and physical activity. Clinicians were trained to use motivation interviewing techniques. ParentDyad216YFacilitatorGRP2240NDavis40NTCHILEChild24GRP360NRNMulti-approach intervention that included nutrition and physical activity curriculum delivered to children at preschools, preschool teachers and food service staff training, center policy changes to increase healthy food options, family component that included take-home materials on nutrition and physical activity and family events, and collaborations with a local grocery store to increase healthy food options and with local healthcare providers to emphasize nutrition and physical activity during routine clinic visits. Health professionals were invitation to attend study-sponsored events. ParentDyad + GRP24NRNFacilitatorGRP81200NDennison49ActiveBrocodile the CrocodileChild9GRP392340NChildcare/preschool-based group intervention consisting of a healthy snack, musical activities, and interactive lessons on healthy eating and screen time reduction delivered to children by an early childhood teacher and a music teacher. Esquivel52WLCHLChild7GRP152NRNPreschool-based intervention consisting of implementation of centers’ nutritional policies and practices, wellness activities for staff, classroom resources, and lessons for children to support nutrition and physical activity, newsletters for parents, and technical support for policy implementation.ParentIND7NRNFacilitatorIND7NRNFisher57WLFFFParentGRP12720NUniversity research clinic group-based authoritative food parenting intervention for low income mothers to improve children’s dietary behaviors, especially reducing their consumption of solid fats and added sugar. FacilitatorGRPNRNRNFitzgibbon59 ActiveHip-Hop to Health Jr.Child3GRP421,890NPreschool-based intervention consisting of interactive lessons and activities for children on healthy eating and physical activity and educational newsletters and homework assignments for parents.ParentIND14NRNFitzgibbon63 ActiveHip-Hop to Health Jr.Child3GRP421890NPreschool-based intervention consisting of interactive lessons and activities for children on healthy eating and physical activity and educational newsletters and homework assignments for parents.ParentIND14NRNFitzgibbon64ActiveHip-Hop to Health Jr.Child3GRP281120NPreschool-based intervention consisting of interactive lessons and activities for children on healthy eating and physical activity and educational newsletters and homework assignments for parents.ParentIND14NRNFacilitatorGRP1360YFitzgibbon70ActiveFamily-Based Hip-Hop to HealthChild3GRP421680NPreschool-based, culturally tailored intervention consisting of interactive lessons and activities for children on healthy eating and physical activity guided by CD and parental group classes, exercise sessions, and newsletters.ParentIND + GRP20540NFoster71ActiveParent MentorChild6Dyad2NRNPreschool- and home-based intervention that included training parent mentors using positive deviance education to coach parent-child dyads during home visits and to conduct parent group sessions at preschools that addressed weight perceptions, snacking, non-food based approaches to handling children’s misbehavior, planning and controlling their child’s diet, and internal motivation for healthy habits.ParentDyad + GRP8NRYFacilitatorGRP1480NFrench76EducNET-WorksChild36Dyad3NRYMulti-approach intervention consisting of trained professionals who conduct parental group classes and a family connector who attends the classes, conducts home visits, and telephone follow-ups to promote goal setting, general parenting skills, healthy snacks, family meals, and physical activity and provision of community resources aimed at improving nutrition and physical activity. Pediatric providers address children’s BMI, nutrition, and physical activity at child wellness visits guided by the study developed brochure.ParentIND, Dyad, + GRP75NRYFacilitatorGRP1NRYGoldberg79 NTIMILChild12GRP18023,400NPreschool-based intervention consisting moderate-to-physical activity, structured physical activities, and nutrition education for children; interactive training workshops for teachers; and newsletters for parents.ParentGRP9306NFacilitatorGRP2.51,200YHaines81EducHealthy Habits, Happy HomesParent6IND4240YHome-based intervention consisting of trained bilingual health educators using motivational interviewing techniques during home visits, telephone follow-ups, and supportive text messages to promote family mealtimes, adequate sleep, reduced screen time, and removing televisions from children’s bedrooms. Activities were mailed to engage parent-child dyads in behavior changes.FacilitatorGRPNNRNHaines85EducParents and Tots TogetherChild2GRP91,080NCommunity-based intervention that included parent group sessions to teach general parenting skills, nutrition, and physical activity facilitated by trained health educators and concurrent children’s group sessions with interactive lessons on weight-related behaviors.ParentGRP91,080NFacilitatorGRP1480NHawkins88 EducDRIVEChild4Dyad12360YHome-based intervention consisting of facilitator-observed, parent-child interactions activity-based practice to establish regular snack and mealtimes, reduce screen time, and increase active play time followed by parent-facilitator discussions on nutrition, physical activity, and parent child interaction. Parents received customized handouts at the end of each home visit.ParentDyad12360YHollar91NTTC2Child12GRPNNRNPreschool-based intervention consisting of modification of breakfast, snack, and lunch menus. Staff highlighted a food each month and trained teachers led fun interactive activities to educate children on nutrition and healthy living, provided 10 min breaks for fun physical activities next to children’s desks during normal lessons, and used classroom-displayed activity tracking and parental engagement through newsletters on the food of the month and monthly food tastings.ParentGRPNNRNFacilitatorGRPNNRNJastreboff92ActivePMH + NParent2GRP8960NUniversity research center-based intervention consisting of group sessions for parents to learn and practice mindfulness, based on the protocol of MBSR, with a focus on mindful parenting and eating followed by group nutrition and physical activity counseling through education, discussion, goal-setting, and self-monitoring.Ling94NTHealthy Lifestyle InterventionChild2GRP401200NMulti-approach intervention consisting of a social media application providing education for parents, family fun activities, and behavioral change strategies and tips to improve family’s nutrition and physical activity, promote peer support, pedometer steps, weekly challenges, quizzes, parental groups for hands-on activities involving healthy eating, physical activity, and local community resources. Children had interactive education and fun activities on healthy eating and physical activity and preschool teachers were trained through observing the interventionist deliver the children’s program.ParentIND + GRP13NRNFacilitatorGRP1480NLumeng95NTPOPSChild7GRP6NRNPreschool-based, culturally tailored intervention consisting of group sessions for children with stories and interactive activities, including cooking, during class hours and parental group sessions with cooking experiences and skill building activities for self-efficacy, after class focusing on increasing fruit and vegetable intake, reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, reducing screen time, and increasing healthy family meals at home and when eating out. Training workshops were provided to the nutrition educators and Head Start teachers separately.ParentGRP8600YFacilitatorGRP1120NPOPS + IYSChildGRP66NRNPreschool-based, culturally tailored intervention group sessions for children with stories and interactive activities, including cooking, during class hours and parental group cooking experiences and skill building activities for self-efficacy, after focusing on increasing fruit and vegetable intake, reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, reducing screen time, and increasing healthy family meals at home and when eating out. Additional workshops for nutrition educators and Head Start teachers separately. Self-regulation was taught to children during class time and parents received lessons either through group sessions with video vignettes or home visits and telephone follow-ups.ParentIND + GRP212160YFacilitatorGRP1120NMessiah100 ActiveHC2 Phase 2Child12GRP48NRNChildcare-based intervention consisting of assessment and modification of childcare centers’ menus, healthy eating and physical activity curriculum for children, healthy meal preparation and role modeling education for parents and childcare providers by trained coaches, and ongoing technical assistance to childcare providers by coaches.ParentGRP8NRYFacilitatorGRP8NRYMorshed106 ActivePAT + HEALTHChild24Dyad362160NHome-based intervention consisting of the standard Parents as Teachers program that educates parents on communicating with their child, child development, and family well-being by parent educators and an additional focus on improving maternal nutritional and physical activity behaviors to serve as a healthy role model to child.ParentIND + Dyad362160NFacilitatorGRP1480NNatale110ActiveHI-HOChild6GRP130NRNChildcare-based, culturally tailored intervention consisting of implementation of childcare centers’ nutrition and physical activity policies and practices, monthly educational dinners for parents discussing nutrition and physical activity facilitated by registered dietitians, newsletters and at home activities incentivized by healthy snack bag, childcare providers received training on policy changes and implementation strategies and provided with lesson plans for children and weekly, onsite technical assistance by study staff on implementing low-fat, high fiber meals.ParentGRP6NRYFacilitatorGRP2NRYNatale114ActiveHC2 Phase 1Child24GRP20NRNChildcare-based, culturally tailored intervention consisting of assessment and modification of childcare centers’ menus, healthy eating and physical activity curriculum for children, healthy meal preparation and role modeling education for parents and childcare providers by trained coaches.ParentIND6NRYFacilitatorGRP35NRYNezami125 WLSmart MomsChild6Dyad12NRNHome-based intervention consisting of one group session for parents followed by weekly smart phone delivered lessons focusing behavioral strategies, problem solving, and skills to achieve the goals of maternal weight loss and reduction of child’s consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and juice. Parents engaged in self-monitoring through smart phone and received emails were tailored.ParentIND + GRP19183YNicklas128NTSPARK-ECChild5GRP22385NPreschool-based intervention consisting of a comprehensive physical activity program for children including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and activities to develop motor skills taught by trained Head Start teachers and aides with study staff providing onsite, technical support, and Head Start centers provided with equipment to conduct program’s lessons.FacilitatorGRP1480NOstbye130ActiveInterventionParent8IND + GRP17NRNResearch center/home-based intervention consisting of mailed interactive kits with child activities and incentives to reinforce monthly topics, parents received coaching telephone calls that used motivational interviewing techniques, parenting skills, stress management, routines for meals and sleep, supportive home environment, role modeling healthy eating and physical activity to child, and healthy feeding style. Quattrin135ActiveInterventionChild6Dyad + GRP10600NPrimary care-based intervention educating parents in group sessions on nutrition and physical activity with a focus on parenting and behavioral strategies to achieve healthy behavior modification while children engaged in active games in concurrent group sessions. Parents had individual coaching before or after group sessions for goal setting and problem solving with coaching calls for feedback on weight loss and physical activity goals for their child. Pediatricians assessed child’s progress at wellness visits and mailed feedback via standardized letter.ParentIND + Dyad + GRP231,380YRomero138NTWIC TCParent6GRP230NCommunity-based intervention consisting of a targeted curriculum to motivate parents to set goals and make behavior changes necessary to prevent childhood obesity during the standard WIC nutritional counseling.WIC TC + EFNEPParentIND + GRP10NRNCommunity-based intervention consisting of a targeted curriculum to motivate parents to set goals and make behavior changes necessary to prevent childhood obesity during the standard WIC nutritional counseling and referral to the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program, which involves more extensive, hands-on nutritional lessons.Sharma139NTCATCH ECChild24GRP62618,260NPreschool-based intervention consisting of nutrition education, including gardening, and structured physical activities for children delivered by preschool teachers: parent tip sheets on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time for children; and ongoing teacher trainings and follow-up emails. ParentIND99NFacilitatorGRP1360YSherwood141ActiveBusy Bodies/Better Bites ObesityChild6Dyad16NClinic/home-based intervention consisting of pediatric counseling during well child visits on obesity risks, coaching telephone calls to parent’s health educators for strategies on availability of nutritious snacks, decreasing sweetened beverage availability, reducing screen time, and increasing physical activity for children, goal setting and problem solving, and a bag filled with books, stickers, music CD, and other materials to engage children in healthier eating and physical activity. ParentIND + Dyad9190NFacilitatorGRP160NSlusser143WLInterventionParent2GRP7630YClinic/home-based intervention consisting of group sessions for parents on parenting skills training with education on nutrition and physical activity incorporated into the lessons and homework assignments to reinforce lessons taught in the group session.Stark145ActiveLAUNCHChild3Dyad + GRP12990YClinic/home-based intervention consisting of group sessions for parents on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time education, child behavior management skills, children with nutrition education through games and art, a structured meal aimed at exposing new foods, and 15 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Parents were supplied with a 14-day supply of a vegetable to conduct taste tests tracked via diet diary and pedometers. Therapist observed taste test at home visits, gave feedback on parenting strategies taught in group session, conduct a home clean to identify and plan how to eliminate unhealthy foods, and set up a safe place for child’s active play.ParentDyad + GRP12990YStark147ActiveLAUNCH-ClinicChild3GRP6540YClinic-based intervention consisting of group sessions for parents on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time education, child behavior management skills, with nutrition education through games and art, a structured meal aimed at exposing the children new foods, and 15 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Parents were supplied with a 14-day supply of a vegetable to conduct taste tests with child tracked via diet diary and pedometers as well as a home clean out box to eliminate unhealthy foods in lieu of home visits.ParentGRP6540YLAUNCH-HVChild3Dyad + GRP12900YClinic/home-based intervention consisting of group sessions for parents on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time education, child behavior management skills, children with nutrition education through games and art, a structured meal aimed at exposing the children new foods, and 15 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Parents were supplied with a 14-day supply of a vegetable to conduct taste tests tracked via diet diary and pedometers. Therapist observed taste tests at home visits, provided feedback on parenting strategies, conduct a home clean to identify and plan how to eliminate unhealthy foods, and set up a safe place for child’s active play.ParentDyad + GRP12900YStark149NTLAUNCHChild3Dyad + GRP12540YClinic/home-based intervention consisting of group sessions for parents on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time education, child behavior management skills, children with nutrition education through games and art, a structured meal aimed at exposing the children new foods, and 15 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Parents were supplied with a 14-day supply of a vegetable to conduct taste tests and tracked via diet diary and pedometers. Therapist observed taste tests at home, provided feedback on parenting strategies, conduct a home clean to identify and plan how to eliminate unhealthy foods, and set up a safe place for child’s active play.ParentDyad + GRP12990YFacilitatorNRNRNRNRMIParent3IND12450YPrimary care-based intervention consisting of an initial pediatrician-delivered motivational interview to discuss parents’ concern about their child’s weight, diet, or physical activity and to select a primary target to change and subsequent sessions delivered by a psychologist at the participant’s home or over the telephone to discuss progress of the goal, problem solve, and then guide parents to setting new goals regarding their child’s weight, diet, and physical activity. FacilitatorNRNRNRNStookey155WLCCHP + HAPChild12GRPNNRNChildcare center-based intervention consisting of biannual BMI screenings by public health nurses, individual referrals, nutrition education for children, assessment, revision, development, and implementation of childcare centers’ nutrition and physical activity policies and practices, tailored educational workshops on nutritional and physical activity best practices for childcare center staff, and with incentives for implementing practices and online technical assistance resources. FacilitatorIND + GRP960NRYSun157EducInterventionParent2IND8240NHome-based, culturally tailored intervention consisting of tablet-delivered education to mothers on nutrition, physical activity, and screen time reduction for children and parenting skills and technical assistance via telephone from study staff to resolve tablet issues.Taveras158NTHigh Five for KidsChild12Dyad6130YClinic-based intervention was to enhance the electronic medical record system to assist clinic staff support, patient tracking, follow-up scheduling and billing. Pediatric nurse practitioners used motivational interviewing techniques with parents following up with chronic disease management visits and telephone calls, pediatricians used brief, focused negotiation skills, and medical assistance were trained to accurate measure and record children’s height and weight. Negotiations were made with regional insurance companies to pay for up to 4 chronic disease management visits, educational posters in waiting rooms, and the nurse practitioners were provided print and electronic resources to give patients.ParentDyad6130YFacilitatorNRNNRNTomayko168 ActiveMentored GroupChild12Dyad12720YHome-based, culturally tailored intervention consisting of lessons for parents on fruit and vegetable intake, reducing consumption of sweetened beverages and added sugar, increasing physical activity, and reducing television screen time delivered by trained tribal mentors.ParentDyad12720YFacilitatorNRNNRNTomayko175 ActiveWellness JourneyChild12Dyad 12NRNHome-based, culturally tailored intervention consisting of a mailed toolkit with lessons and supportive materials for parents and children’s books to improve nutrition, physical activity, and sleep. Parents also received supportive text messages and optional private, study-specific Facebook group.ParentDyad12NRYTucker182NTInterventionChild6Dyad1NRNClinic-based intervention included brief motivational interviewing and discussion with pediatrician for child-parent dyadic on nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors, and follow-up session with a registered dietician nutritionist to evaluate, and implement improved feeding habits, optional behavioral counseling session on authoritative patenting and behavioral change strategies to better implement the registered dietician nutritionist’s plan. Educational seminars for pediatricians on obesity-related lifestyle choices with families, appropriate goal setting, and motivational interviewing techniques, and registered dietitian nutritionists were trained in motivational interviewing.ParentIND + Dyad5NRYFacilitatorGRPNNRNWinter & Sass184NTHealthy & Ready to LearnChild6Dyad + GRPNNRNPreschool-based intervention to prevent childhood obesity and improve school readiness using health-themed story books, play-based physical activities, and instruction and practice of gross motor movement for children. Parents received group training with activities at home to motivate parents to engage in health promotion. Teachers received training on obesity prevention, strategies for healthy eating and increasing physical activity in the classroom and were provided lesson plans, books, and physical activity equipment.ParentGRP6NRNFacilitatorIND + GRPN1200NWoo Baidal185NTSite #1Child24DyadNNRNCommunity-based intervention consisting of training sessions focused on childhood obesity for WIC staff, a full-day training for WIC provides, enhanced nutritional counseling to parents and children from WIC staff during office visits, and WIC referrals to weight clinics and community obesity prevention initiatives.ParentDyadNNRNFacilitatorGRP480NRYSite #2Child24DyadNNRNParentDyadNNRNFacilitatorGRP480NRYYeh194NTGroup AChild7GRP601800NPreschool-based, culturally tailored intervention providing training and menus to staff on healthier food preparations and increasing whole grains in centers’ menus. Children received a puppet-led nutrition education by dietetic interns and participated in fruit and vegetable tastings.Group BChild7GRP601800NPreschool-based, culturally tailored intervention providing training and menus to staff on healthier food preparations and increasing whole grains in centers’ menus. Children received a puppet-led nutrition education by dietetic interns and participated in fruit and vegetable tastings. Parents groups included educational lectures, discussions, and interactive activities about nutrition.ParentGRP7420NYin196WLCenter-BasedChild13GRP905400NPreschool-based, culturally tailored intervention with staff training in physical activity and nutrition, educational curriculum activities and equipment, and an optional wellness program to focus on personal health. Children participated in ≥60 minutes of structured and free play with teacher and aide engagement for free play, nutrition and physical activity education (games/interactive DVDs/ storytelling), food tastings, and healthy eating contests.FacilitatorGRP1360YCenter- + Home-BasedChild13GRP905400NPreschool- and home-based, culturally tailored intervention has staff training in physical activity and nutrition, educational curriculum activities and equipment, and an optional wellness program. Children participated in ≥60 minutes of structured and free play with teacher and aide engagement for free play, nutrition and physical activity education (games/interactive DVDs/storytelling), food tastings, and healthy eating contests. Parents received a peer-led parent obesity education with posters and a scavenger hunt, a take-home bag with a storybook, healthy snack, family-activities, interactive game, and family physical activity and nutrition support/monitoring.ParentGRP645NFacilitator [P]GRPN600NFacilitator [C]GRP1360YWL, waitlist control; NT, no treatment; Active, active comparison; Educ, education only control; NAP SACC, Nutrition And Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care; GROW, Growing Right Onto Wellness; MEND2-5, Mind, Exercise, Nutrition. . .Do It! for children aged 2-5 years; CHILE, Child Health Initiative for Lifelong Eating and Exercise; CHL, Children's Healthy Living Program for Remove Underserved Minority Populations in the Pacific Region; FFF, Food, Fun, and Families; NET-Works, Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthful Kids; IMIL, I am Moving, I am Learning; DRIVE, Developing Relationships that Include Values of Eating and Exercise; TC2, Thriving Communities, Thriving Children; PMH + N, Parenting Mindfully for Health plus nutrition and physical activity counseling; POPS, Preschool Obesity Prevention Series; POPS + IYS, Preschool Obesity Prevention Series plus Incredible Years Series; HC2, Healthy Caregivers, Healthy Children; PAT + HEALTH, Parents as Teachers plus Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home; HI-HO, Healthy Inside-Healthy Outside; SPARK-EC, Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids-Early Childhood; WIC TC, Special Supplemental Food Program for Women Infants and Children with targeted curriculum; WIC TC + EFNEP, Special Supplemental Food Program for Women Infants and Children with targeted curriculum plus Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program; CATCH EC, Coordinated Approach to Child Health Early Childhood; LAUNCH, Learning about Activity and Understanding Nutrition for Child Health; LAUNCH-Clinic, Learning about Activity and Understanding Nutrition for Child Health at the clinic; LAUNCH-HV, Learning about Activity and Understanding Nutrition for Child Health with home visits; MI, motivational interviewing; CCHP + HAP, Child Care Health Program plus Healthy Apple Program; Facilitator [P], parent; Facilitator [C], childcare provider; GRP, group; IND, individual; NR, not reported; M/B, maintenance phase and/or boosters; Y, yes; N, no; aIntensive phase refers to time period during which the intervention content is delivered. bLength of time (in months) of the intensive umber of minutes (excluding measurement). ................
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