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YTHON PROGRAMMIN Key Stage 3
COMPUTING
STUDENT REFERENCE AND EXERCISES
PART II
g Minecraft Pi and Codeca
Minecraft Pi Book
Craig Richardson June 13, 2013
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Contents
1 Introduction
1
1.1 Using this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Standards Used in this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Getting Started
5
2.1 Programming with Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.1 The Minecraft Pi API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.2 Writing and Running Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Python Syntax
11
3.1 Minecraft Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.1 Teleport the Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.2 Teleport the Player Precisely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.3 Teleportation Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.4 Stop Smashing Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2 Variables and Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2.1 Integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.2 Floats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.3 Booleans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.4 Changing Values of Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3 Whitespace and Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.1 Statements and Line Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3.2 Indentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4.1 Single Line Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4.2 Multi-line Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4 Maths Operations
29
4.1 Minecraft Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1.1 Stacking Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1.2 Super Jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
i
ii
CONTENTS
4.1.3 Set Block Below Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.1.4 Speed Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.1.5 Proportions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4.2 Operators, Expressions and Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.2.1 Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.2.2 Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.2.3 Multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.2.4 Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.2.5 Exponentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.2.6 Modulo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.3 Operator Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.4 Interchanging Variables and Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.5 Shorthand Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5 Strings and Console Output
47
5.1 Minecraft Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.1.1 Hello Minecraft World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.1.2 Inputting Your Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.1.3 User Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.1.4 Mad Libs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.1.5 Create a Block with Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.1.6 Sprint Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.2 Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.1 Substrings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.3 String Functions and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.3.1 len() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.3.2 .lower() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.3.3 .upper() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.3.4 str() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.4 Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.4.1 Printing String Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4.2 Joining Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.4.3 Concatenating Integers, Floats and Booleans . . . . . 62
5.4.4 Placeholders in Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.4.5 raw_input() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.4.6 input() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.5 Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.5.1 Getting the Current Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6 Comparators and Control Flow
67
6.1 Minecraft Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
CONTENTS
iii
6.1.1 Swimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6.1.2 Do you want to stop smashing things? . . . . . . . . . 69 6.1.3 Bring us a shrubbery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 6.1.4 Take a Shower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 6.1.5 Secret Passage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 6.2 Comparators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 6.2.1 Equal To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 6.2.2 Not Equal To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 6.2.3 Less Than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 6.2.4 Less Than or Equal To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 6.2.5 Greater Than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 6.2.6 Greater Than or Equal To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6.3 Boolean Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 6.3.1 and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 6.3.2 or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 6.3.3 not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 6.3.4 Boolean Operator Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 6.4 If, Else and Elif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 6.4.1 if Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 6.4.2 else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 6.4.3 elif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 6.4.4 Nested If statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 6.4.5 Checking For Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7 Functions
99
7.1 Minecraft Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.1.1 A Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.1.2 Arming TNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.1.3 Wool Colour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.1.4 Turtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
7.1.5 Import Block Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
7.2 Function syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
7.2.1 Calling a function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
7.2.2 Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
7.2.3 Multiple Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
7.3 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
7.3.1 Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
7.3.2 from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
7.3.3 Import All * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7.4 Built-in Functions and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
7.4.1 max() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
iv
CONTENTS
7.4.2 min() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 7.4.3 abs() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 7.4.4 type() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
8 Lists and Dictionaries
119
8.1 Minecraft Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
8.1.1 Glitching Sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
8.1.2 Block by Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
8.1.3 Team Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
8.1.4 Dictionary of Wool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
8.1.5 Hacking a Friend's Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
8.2 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8.2.1 Defining a list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8.2.2 Accessing a list item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
8.2.3 Changing a list item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
8.3 List Capabilities and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
8.3.1 Adding an item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
8.3.2 List Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
8.3.3 List Slicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
8.3.4 Searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8.3.5 Inserting an Item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8.3.6 Removing an Item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
8.3.7 Looping through a list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
8.3.8 Sorting a list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
8.3.9 Adding Together Items in a List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
8.4 Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
8.4.1 Defining a Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
8.4.2 Accessing Items in Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
8.4.3 Changing/Adding an Item with a Dictionary . . . . . 138
8.4.4 Deleting Items in Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
9 Functions and Lists
141
9.1 Minecraft Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
9.1.1 Pixel Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
9.1.2 Shadow Castle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
9.2 Using Functions with Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
9.2.1 Lists as Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
9.2.2 Loops and Lists in Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
9.2.3 Modifying Each List Item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
9.2.4 Functions to Modify Each Item in a List . . . . . . . . . 147
9.2.5 More On range() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
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