SCHEME - Punjabi University



SCHEME

M.Sc. (APPLIED Physics) PART – I (i & ii semester)

2018-2019 & 2019-2020 sessions

|Code |Title of Paper |Hours |Max Marks |Examination |

| | |(Per | |Time (Hours) |

| | |Week) | | |

|Semester – i | |Total |Ext. |Int. |Total |

|Core Papers | | | | | |

|AP 1.1.1 |Applied |4 |80 |60 |20 |

| |Mathematics | | | | |

|AP 1.1.4 |Analog |4 |80 |60 |20 |

| |Electronics | | | | |

| |Remote | | | | |

| |Sensing | | | | |

| |Microwave | | | | |

| |and its | | | | |

| |Propagation | | | | |

|Core Papers | | | | | |

|AP 1.2.1 |Digital |4 |80 |60 |20 |

| |Electronics | | | | |

|AP 1.2.4 |(i) Applied Optics |

| |(ii) Mathematical Physics and Classical Mechanics |

| |iii) Computer Fundamentals and Programming with C++ |

Maximum Marks: 80 Time allowed: 3 Hours

Pass Marks: 45% Total teaching hours: 100

Out of 80 Marks, internal assessment (based on seminar, viva-voce of experimental reports, number of experiments performed and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 60 marks.

This laboratory comprises of experiments based on Lasers and Optics in one group and Electronics in the other group. Each student will be placed in one of the two groups during the entire semester.

GROUP-I ELECTRONICS EXPERIMENTS: (10 out of the followings)

1. Study the gain frequency response of a given RC coupled BJT, CE amplifier.

2. Study of Clipping & Clamping circuits.

3. Study of shunt capacitor filter, inductor filter, LC filter and [pic] filter using Bridge Rectifier.

4. Find the energy gap of a given semi conductor by reverse bias junction method.

5. To calculate the temperature coefficient of Thermistor.

6. Verify De-Morgan’s law and various combinations of gates using Logic gates circuit.

7. Study of various types of Flip-Flops.

8. To study various Oscillators (Hartley, Colpit, RC Phase shift etc.).

9. To study Amplitude Modulation and De-Modulation and calculate modulation index.

10. To study characteristics of FET and determine its various parameters.

11. Study the characteristics of Tunnel Diode.

12. To study 2 bit, 3 bit and 4 bit Adder & Subtractor.

13. Study the characteristics of basic Thyristors (SCR, MOSFET, UJT, TRIAC etc.).

14. Use of Transistor as a push pull amplifier (Class ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘AB’).

15. Application of transistor as a series voltage regulator.

16. Study of biasing techniques of BJT.

17. To study Frequency Modulation and Demodulation.

18. Study of transistor as CE, CB and CC amplifier.

19. Fourier series analysis of square, triangular and rectified wave signals.

GROUP-II LASERS AND OPTICS EXPERIMENTS: (10 out of the followings)

1. To study the optical bench model of microscope and to determine the numerical aperture of the microscope.

2. To study the optical bench model of telescope and to determine the angular field of view and magnifying power by entrance and exit pupil method.

3. To study the characteristics of solar cell.

4. To study the magnetostriction in an iron rod using Michelson interferometer.

5. To study the optical thickness of mica sheet using channel spectrum interferometry.

6. To determine the Planck’s constant using photovoltaic cell.

7. To obtain the coherence matrix and stokes parameters for (i) unpolarized light (ii) polarized light and hence to determine their degree of polarization.

8. To study the aberrations of a convex lens.

9. To study the electro-optic effect in LiNbO3 crystal using He-Ne laser.

10. To study B-H curve.

11. To study the characteristics of optoelectronic devices (LED, Photodiode, Photodiode, Phototransistor, LDR).

12. To study the diffraction pattern by pin hole, single slit, double slit and grating and to calculate the wavelength of He-Ne laser.

13. To study microwave optics system for reflection, refraction, polarization phenomena.

14. To calibrate the prism spectrometer using mercury lamp and to determine the refractive index of material of the prism for a given wavelength of light.

15. Measurement of Brewster angle and refractive index of materials like glass and fused silica (with He-Ne laser) with a specially designed spectrometer.

16. Particle size determination by diode laser

17. Study of optical fiber communication kit.

|AP 1.1.6 |Computer Laboratory |

Maximum Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours

Pass Marks: 45% Total teaching hours: 30

Out of 40 Marks, internal assessment (based on performance of the candidate in the computer lab and attendance) carries 10 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 30 marks.

This laboratory comprises of (any ten of the following) physics problems to be solved using computer.

1. To print even and odd numbers between given limit

2. To generate prime numbers between given limit.

3. To construct Fibonacci series.

4. To find maximum and minimum number among a given data.

5. To find area of a triangle.

6. To find factorial of a number.

7. To find roots of a quadratic equation.

8. To construct AP and GP series.

9. To construct Sine and Cosine series.

10. Conversion of temperature scale.

11. Addition of two matrices.

12. Motion of horizontally thrown projectile.

13. Finding mean and standard deviation of a given data.

14. To find perfect numbers.

|AP 1.1.7 |Workshop (Mechanical/ Optical) |

Maximum Marks: 60 Time allowed: 3 Hours

Pass Marks: 45% Total teaching hours: 70

Out of 60 Marks, internal assessment (based on performance in the workshop and attendance) carries 15 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 45 marks.

In the workshop students will fabricate mechanical jobs (spanner, U-fitting, screw driver, wooden- cross etc.) in one group and optical jobs (Lens, prism, mirror etc.) in the second group. Each student will be placed in one the two groups during the entire semester.

Semester –II

AP 1.2.1 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Maximum Marks: External 60 Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Internal 20 Total Teaching hours: 50

Total 80 Pass Marks: 35%

Out of 80 Marks, internal assessment (based on two mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 60 marks.

Instruction for the Paper Setter: The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have four questions from respective section of the syllabus. Section C will have 10 short answer type questions, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks. Section C will carry 20 marks.

Instruction for the candidates: The candidates are required to attempt two questions each from sections A and B, and the entire section C. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks and section C carries 20 marks.

Use of scientific calculator is allowed.

.

SECTION A

Binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems, Inter-conversion of binary to decimal, Decimal to binary, Octal to binary, hexadecimal to binary numbers, Binary arithmetic.

Binary codes, the 8421 code, Gray code and ASCII codes.

Boolean algebra and logic gates-Boolean variables, NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR and exclusive OR operation, Boolean identities and laws of Boolean algebra, DeMorgan's theorem, Combinational and sequential logic systems, Minterm and Maxterm and mapping.

Switching properties of semiconductor devices, Diode, BJT and FET as DC and AC switches, Combinational logic circuits using digital ICs.

Sequential and combinational systems. RS, JK, D and T flip-flops, Counters, Synchronous counters, Serial, parallel and mixed counters

SECTION B

Shift registers and ring counters, Universal shift registers

Semiconductors memories, Memory organization and operation, Expanding memory size, Classification and characteristics of memories, Sequential memory, Read only memory, Read and write memory.

Variable register network, Binary ladder, D/A convertor, D/A accuracy and resolution, A/D converters, Simultaneous conversion, Counter method, A/D converters

Characteristics of digital ICs, Classification of logic families, Digital IC packages.

Text Books:

1. Digital Principles: A.P. Malvino and D.P. Leach, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Modern Digital Electronics: R.P. Jain, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

Reference Books:

1. Microelectronics: Jacob Millman & Arvin Grabel (3rd Ed.), McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi.

2. Digital Systems: Principle and Applications: Ronald J. Tocci (Vth Ed.), PHI, New Delhi.

3. An Introduction to Digital electronics: M.Singh, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

AP 1.2.2 RADIATION PHYSICS

Maximum Marks: External 60 Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Internal 20 Total Teaching hours: 50

Total 80 Pass Marks: 35%

Out of 80 Marks, internal assessment (based on two mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 60 marks.

Instruction for the Paper Setter: The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have four questions from respective section of the syllabus. Section C will have 10 short answer type questions, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks. Section C will carry 20 marks.

Instruction for the candidates: The candidates are required to attempt two questions each from sections A and B, and the entire section C. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks and section C carries 20 marks.

Use of scientific calculator is allowed.

.

SECTION A

Interaction of Radiation with Matter:

Interaction of electromagnetic radiations: Different photon interaction processes viz. photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production. Minor interaction processes, Energy and Z dependence of partial photon interaction processes. Attenuation coefficients, Broad and narrow beam geometries. Multiple scattering.

Interaction of charged particles: Elastic and inelastic collisions with electrons and atomic nucleus. Energy loss of heavy charged particles. Range-energy relationships, Straggling. Radiative collisions of electrons with atomic nucleus.

Nuclear Detectors and Spectroscopy: General characteristics of detectors, Gas filled detectors, Organic and inorganic scintillation detectors, Semi conductor detectors [Si(Li), Ge(Li) HPGe]. Room temperature detectors, Gamma ray spectrometers. Gamma ray spectrometry with NaI(Tl) scintillation and semiconductor detectors.

SECTION B

Nuclear spectrometry and applications: Analysis of nuclear spectrometric data, Measurements of nuclear energy levels, spins, parities, moments, internal conversion coefficients, Angular correlation, Perturbed angular correlation, Measurement of g-factors and hyperfine fields.

Analytical Techniques: Principle, instrumentation and spectrum analysis of XRF, PIXE and neutron activation analysis (NAA) techniques. Theory, instrumentation and applications of electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). Experimental techniques and applications of Mossbauer effect. Rutherford backscattering. Applications of elemental analysis, Diagnostic nuclear medicine, Therapeutic nuclear medicine.

Text Books:

1. The Atomic Nucleus: R. D. Evans, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi

2. Nuclear Radiation Detectors: S. S. Kapoor and V. S. Ramamurthy, New Age, International, New Delhi.

3. Radiation Detection and Measurements: G. F. Knoll, Wiley & Sons, New Delhi

4. Introductory Nuclear Physics: K. S. Krane, Wiley & Sons, New Delhi

5. An Introduction to X-ray Spectrometry: Ron Jenkin, Wiley

6. Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments: W. R. Leo, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

7. Introduction to experimental Nuclear Physics: R. M. Singru, Wiley & Sons, New Delhi.

AP 1.2.3 QUANTUM MECHANICS

Maximum Marks: External 60 Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Internal 20 Total Teaching hours: 50

Total 80 Pass Marks: 35%

Out of 80 Marks, internal assessment (based on two mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 60 marks.

Instruction for the Paper Setter: The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have four questions from respective section of the syllabus. Section C will have 10 short answer type questions, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks. Section C will carry 20 marks.

Instruction for the candidates: The candidates are required to attempt two questions each from sections A and B, and the entire section C. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks and section C carries 20 marks.

Use of scientific calculator is allowed.

.

SECTION A

Wave Mechanics: Review of wave mechanical principles. Time independent Schrodinger equation in one, two and three dimensions. Eigen values and Eigen functions. Bound states. Discrete eigen values. Orthogonality of eigen functions. Completeness of eigen functions. Box and [pic] function normalization. Expectation values of observables. Uncertainty principle.

Particle in a one dimensional box with finite walls. Two dimensional square with infinite walls. Three dimensional rectangular box with infinite walls and three dimensional square well potential. Isotropic Harmonic oscillator. Degeneracy.

Matrix Mechanics: Postulates of quantum mechanics. Hilbert space. Matrix representation of wave functions and operators. Dirac bra and Ket notations. Change of basis. Harmonic oscillator problem in matrix mechanics creation, destruction and number operators. Orbital angular momentum operators in their polar form . Commutation relations. and Matrix representation of orbital angular momentum operators. Eigen vectors values eigen of L2, Lz spin angular momenta and Pauli spin matrices.

Addition of angular momenta. Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. C.G. coefficients of [pic].

SECTION B

Approximation methods for bound states: Stationary non degenerate perturbation theory, Ist and second order correction to energy levels, Ist order correction to wave functions, Anharmonic oscillator

Degenerate perturbation theory. Normal Zeeman effect and stark effect of the first excited state of hydrogen.

The Rayleigh Ritz variational method for ground and excited states. Ground state of He atom perturbation and vibrational approaches and their comparison.

Van der Waal's interaction. Perturbation and varational calculations.

One dimensional WKB approximation. Asymptotic behaviour of solutions. Linear turning points. Connection formula and their application to bound state and barrier penetration.

Collision Thoery: Two particle scattering problem. Differential and total scattering cross-section. Lab and CM system of coordinates. Scattering of a particle by a central field. Partial wave analysis. Phase shifts S & P wave scattering. Ramsauer Townsend effect. Resonant scattering. Scattering for a three dimensional square well and rigid sphere. Integral equation for scattering problem. Born approximation. Validity of Born approximation. Screened Coulomb potential.

Text Books:

1. Quantum Mechanics: L.I. Schiff (Int. Student Ed.),Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.

2. Quantum Mechanics: J.L. Powell and B. Craseman (Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

3. Quantum Mechanics; Mathews & Venkatesan, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.

AP 1.2.4 Elective Paper: Option (i) APPLIED OPTICS

Maximum Marks: External 60 Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Internal 20 Total Teaching hours: 50

Total 80 Pass Marks: 35%

Out of 80 Marks, internal assessment (based on two mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 60 marks.

Instruction for the Paper Setter: The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have four questions from respective section of the syllabus. Section C will have 10 short answer type questions, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks. Section C will carry 20 marks.

Instruction for the candidates: The candidates are required to attempt two questions each from sections A and B, and the entire section C. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks and section C carries 20 marks.

Use of scientific calculator is allowed.

SECTION A

Fourier Optics: Maxwell's equations and the statement of the diffraction problem in terms of the transmission function. Simple Huygen-Fresnel theory to explain diffraction. Different regions of the diffraction. Fresnel and Fraunhofer approximations. Concept of spatial frequency. Importance of Fourier transformation in optics and its physical interpretation. Physical interpretation of convolution and delta function transform theorems. (RR1)

Use of the Fourier transform to explain Fraunhofer diffraction at a circular aperture. Fraunhofer diffraction at rectangular aperture under various situations. Fresnel diffraction at rectangular aperture and straight edge. Fresnel diffraction and lens. Limitation of geometrical optics. Free space propagation of waves. Phase transmission functions and lens. (RR1)

SECTION B

Polarization: Polarization and double refraction. Explanation of double refraction. Polarization devices: Nicol, Glan, Glan-Thompson, Wollaston, Rochon and Severmont prisms. Wave propagation in anisotropic media. Spatial frequency filtering: The Fourier transforming property of a thin lens. Applications of spatial frequency filtering: Low pass, High pass, Band pass filters. Phase contrast microscope. Image debluring (RR1 & RR2)

Holography: Basic principles, Coherence requirements. Resolution. Gabor holography and distinction with off-axis holography. Fourier transform holograms. Lensless Fourier transform holograms. Computer generated holograms. Volume holograms.

Applications of holography: Microscopy, Interferometry, Character recognition. Holography in optical signal processing. Vander Lugt filter based on Mach-Zender and Rayleigh interferometers. Matched filtering and Fourier transform hologram (RR2)

Text Books:

1. Lasers and Optical Engineering: P. Das, Narosa Publishing House, 1992

2. Optical Electronics: A.K. Ghatak and K. Thyagrajan, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989

AP 1.2.4 Elective Paper: Option (ii) MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND CLASSICAL MECHANICS

Maximum Marks: External 60 Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Internal 20 Total Teaching hours: 50

Total 80 Pass Marks: 35%

Out of 80 Marks, internal assessment (based on two mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 60 marks.

Instruction for the Paper Setter: The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have four questions from respective section of the syllabus. Section C will have 10 short answer type questions, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks. Section C will carry 20 marks.

Instruction for the candidates: The candidates are required to attempt two questions each from sections A and B, and the entire section C. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks and section C carries 20 marks.

Use of scientific calculator is allowed.

.

SECTION A

Cartesian Tensors: Coordinate transformations. Three dimensional rotations. Transformation of vector components under three dimensional rotations. Direct product of two vectors. Tensors of higher rank. Symmetric and antisymmetric tensors. Kronecker and alternating tensors and their isotropy property. Contraction of tensors and differentiation of tensor fields. Expressions for gradient divergence and curl in tensor notation. Vector formulae in tensor notation.

Linear Vector Spaces: Definition, linear independence of vectors, basis and dimensionality. Scalar products of vectors. Orthonormal basis. Gram Schmidt orthogonalization process. Matrix representation of vectors and linear operators. Infinite dimensional vector spaces. Hilbert spaces.

Complex Variables: Complex numbers and variables. Polar form of complex numbers. Functions of complex variables. Cauchy Riemann differential equations. Singularities and their classification. Cauchry integral theorem and formulae. Taylor and Laurent's series, The Cauchy residue theorem and its application to evaluation of real integrals.

SECTION B

Rigid body dynamics: Angular momentum and kinetic energy of rotating rigid body about a fixed point, inertia tensor, Eigen values of inertia tensor, Principal moments and principal axes transformation.

Special Theory of relativity: Lorentz transformation in vector form and orthogonality of Lorentz transformation, Lorentz orthogonal transformation matrix, Equivalent rotation angle and Einstein addition law for parallel velocities, Intervals in four-space and Invariance of Space-time interval, covariant formulation of four space and representation of various vectors in four-space, covariant formulation of Force, momentum and energy equation in Minkowski space, Lagrangian formulation of relativistic mechanics.

Relativsitic motion of a particle under a constant force. Relativistic one dimensional harmonic oscillator.

Continuous systems and fields: Transition from discrete to continuous systems. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms, Stress-energy tensor and conservation laws. Scalar and Dirac fields (only definitions).

Text Books:

1. Cartesian Tensors: Harold Jefferies, Combridge University, Press

2. Linear Vector Spaces: John Dettman (Hilderbrand)

3. Complex Variables: Murrey R. Speigel, Schaum Series, Mc Graw Hill Publication

4. Classical Mechanics: H. Goldstein, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

AP 1.2.4 Option (iii) COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND PROGRAMMING WITH C++

Maximum Marks: External 60 Time Allowed: 3 Hours

Internal 20 Total Teaching hours: 50

Total 80 Pass Marks: 35%

Out of 80 Marks, internal assessment (based on two mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 60 marks.

Instruction for the Paper Setter: The question paper will consist of three sections A, B and C. Each of sections A and B will have four questions from respective section of the syllabus. Section C will have 10 short answer type questions, which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks. Section C will carry 20 marks.

Instruction for the candidates: The candidates are required to attempt two questions each from sections A and B, and the entire section C. Each question of sections A and B carries 10 marks and section C carries 20 marks.

Use of scientific calculator is allowed.

.

SECTION A

Computer organization: Hardware, Memory, Control unit, Arithmetic and logic unit, Input and output devices, software, Programing languages with special reference to C and C++, Assembler, Interpreter and compiler, Application software.

Problem solving with a computer: Problem analysis, Algorithm development, The quality of algorithm, Flowcharts, Program coding, Compilation and execution.

Data types and statements: Identifiers and keywords, Constants, String constants, Numeric constants, Character constants, C++ operators, Arithmetic operators, Assignment operators, Comparison and logic operators, Bitwise logic operators, Special operators, Type conversion.

Writing a programme in C++: Declaration of variables, Statements, Simple C++ programs, Features and iostream.h, Keyword and screen I/O, Manipulation functions, Predefined manipulators, Input and output (I/O) stream flags.

SECTION B

Control statements: Conditional expressions, If- statement, If else statement, Switch statement, Loop statements, for- loop, While- loop, do while- loop, Breaking control statements, Break statement, Continue statement and goto statement.

Functions and program structures: Defining a function, Return statement, Types of functions, Actual and formal arguments, Local and global variables, Default arguments, Multifunction program, Storage class specifiers, Automatic variables, Register variables, Static variables, External variables.

Arrays: Array notation, Array declaration and array initialization, Processing with array, Arrays and functions, Multidimensional arrays, Character array.

Pointers: Pointer declaration, Pointer operator, Address operator, Pointer expressions, Pointer arithmetic, Pointer and functions, Call by value, Call by reference.

Structures, unions and bit fields: Declaration of structures, Initialization of structures, Functions of structures, Unions, The union tag, Processing with union, Initialization of unions, Idea of bit fields.

Text Books:

1. Programming with C++: D. Ravichandran (2nd Ed.), Tata Mc Graw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

2. Object-oriented Programming with C++: R. Balaguruswamy, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

|AP 1.2.5 |Laboratory Practice: i) Electronic Lab ii) Laser-Optics Lab |

Maximum Marks: 80 Time allowed: 3 Hours

Pass Marks: 45% Total teaching hours: 100

Out of 80 Marks, internal assessment (based on seminar, viva-voce of experimental reports, number of experiments performed and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 60 marks.

This laboratory comprises of experiments based on Lasers and Optics in one group and Electronics in the other group. Each student will be placed in the group (different from that in the first semester) during the entire semester.

GROUP-I ELECTRONICS EXPERIMENTS: (10 out of the followings)

1. Study the gain frequency response of a given RC coupled BJT, CE amplifier.

2. Study of Clipping & Clamping circuits.

3. Study of shunt capacitor filter, inductor filter, LC filter and [pic] filter using Bridge Rectifier.

4. Find the energy gap of a given semi conductor by reverse bias junction method.

5. To calculate the temperature coefficient of Thermistor.

6. Verify De-Morgan’s law and various combinations of gates using Logic gates circuit.

7. Study of various types of Flip-Flops.

8. To study various Oscillators (Hartley, Colpit, RC Phase shift etc.).

9. To study Amplitude Modulation and De-Modulation and calculate modulation index.

10. To study characteristics of FET and determine its various parameters.

11. Study the characteristics of Tunnel Diode.

12. To study 2 bit, 3 bit and 4 bit Adder & Subtractor.

13. Study the characteristics of basic Thyristors (SCR, MOSFET, UJT, TRIAC etc.).

14. Use of Transistor as a push pull amplifier (Class ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘AB’).

15. Application of transistor as a series voltage regulator.

16. Study of biasing techniques of BJT.

17. To study Frequency Modulation and Demodulation.

18. Study of transistor as CE, CB and CC amplifier.

19. Fourier series analysis of square, triangular and rectified wave signals.

GROUP-II LASERS AND OPTICS EXPERIMENTS: (10 out of the followings)

1. To study the optical bench model of microscope and to determine the numerical aperture of the microscope.

2. To study the optical bench model of telescope and to determine the angular field of view and magnifying power by entrance and exit pupil method.

3. To study the characteristics of solar cell.

4. To study the magnetostriction in an iron rod using Michelson interferometer.

5. To study the optical thickness of mica sheet using channel spectrum interferometry.

6. To determine the Planck’s constant using photovoltaic cell.

7. To obtain the coherence matrix and stokes parameters for (i) unpolarized light (ii) polarized light and hence to determine their degree of polarization.

8. To study the aberrations of a convex lens.

9. To study the electro-optic effect in LiNbO3 crystal using He-Ne laser.

10. To study B-H curve.

11. To study the characteristics of optoelectronic devices (LED, Photodiode, Photodiode, Phototransistor, LDR).

12. To study the diffraction pattern by pin hole, single slit, double slit and grating and to calculate the wavelength of He-Ne laser.

13. To study microwave optics system for reflection, refraction, polarization phenomena.

14. To calibrate the prism spectrometer using mercury lamp and to determine the refractive index of material of the prism for a given wavelength of light.

15. Measurement of Brewster angle and refractive index of materials like glass and fused silica (with He-Ne laser) with a specially designed spectrometer.

16. Particle size determination by diode laser

17. Study of optical fiber communication kit.

| | |

|AP 1.2.6 |Computer Laboratory |

Maximum Marks: 40 Time allowed: 3 Hours

Pass Marks: 45% Total teaching hours: 30

Out of 40 Marks, internal assessment (based on performance of the candidate in the computer lab and attendance) carries 10 marks, and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 30 marks.

This laboratory comprises of any ten of the following physics problems to be solved using computer.

1. To generate Frequency Distribution Table.

2. Solution of a differential equation by RK2 method.

3. To find area under a curve by Trapezoidal Rule and Simpson’s Rule

4. Gauss elimination method.

5. Multiplication of Two Matrices.

6. Motion of Projectile thrown at an Angle.

7. Numerical Solution of Equation of Motion.

8. Simulation of planetary motion.

9. Root of an equation by Newton- Raphson method.

10. Sorting numbers by selection sort.

11. Solution of a differential equation by RK4 method.

12. Fitting straight line through given data points.

13. Roots of an equation by secant method.

14. Newton interpolation.

|AP 1.2.7 |Workshop (Mechanical/ Optical) |

Maximum Marks: 60 Time allowed: 3 Hours

Pass Marks: 45% Total teaching hours: 70

Out of 60 Marks, internal assessment (based on performance in the workshop and attendance) carries 15 marks and the final examination at the end of the semester carries 45 marks.

In the workshop students will fabricate mechanical jobs (spanner, U-fitting, screw driver, wooden cross etc.) in one group and optical jobs (Lens, prism, mirror etc.) in the second group. Each student will be placed in the group (different from that in the first semester) during the entire semester.

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