GoMidwife



Elisabeth SommerauerMOM, module 2 week 7A Book For Midwives1. Why is it important to always ask “why”?It is important to ask ‘why’ to first of all understand why something works, but also it will help you to avoid making many mistakes.Try to find the real reason for something, since there are people who make up stories about things and not always tell you what is true.?2. What 3 steps should a provider take when a client has a health problem? 1st find the immediate cause of the problem.2nd choose the best treatment.3rd look for the root (underlying) causes of the problem- to fully address the problem or prevent problems form happening.2. What 6 steps should a care provider take when trying to find the underlying cause?1. Start with a doubt. So, start by admitting what you do not know.2. Think of all the possible causes. Most ways of feeling sick can be caused by many different causes.3. Look for sings to find the likely cause. Health problems have signs. You can see these sings in how someone feels, how their body looks and acts, and by taking medical tests.4. Decide the most likely cause.5. Make a plan for what to do. This could be a plan to change a person’s habits, change something in their home or environment, or give a medicine.6. Look for results. Find out if your treatment is working. If is not, start these steps again.3. According to chapter 3, what are the 5 basic parts to the female reproductive anatomy?VaginaThe vagina is the opening in the outside of the woman’s body, that leads to the cervix and the womb.OvaryThe ovaries hold the tiny eggs.WombTubeThe tubes connect the womb to the ovaries.CervixThe cervix is the opening of the womb into the vagina. It is usually closed and plugged with mucus.4. What is one of the most common causes of death after childbirth??Infection is one of the most common causes of death after childbirth. Because infections make people sick, and can even kill them.5. List 4 ways to prevent infection.Clean your hands and wear protective clothing.Wash your hands often and wear protective clothing to prevent spreading germs from one person to another and keep germs away from yourself.Clean the space and bedding.Clean the area where births and exams happen, to keep germs away.Clean and sterilize tools.Wand and sterilize tools to kill any germs on them.Get rid of wastes safely.Throw away waste products carefully to prevent people in the community from getting sick from the germs left on them.Read Chapter 61. If nausea or morning sickness is mild, what should you encourage women to do to alleviate the discomfort??If the nausea or morning sickness is mild encourage the women to:Eat food that has protein, before bed or in the night. Some good foods with proteins are beans, nuts and cheese.Eat a few crackers, dry bread, dry tortillas, dry chapatis, or other grain food when she first wakes up in the morning.Eat many small meals instead of 2or 3 larger ones, and take small sips or liquid often.Take 50 milligrams vitamin B-6, 2 times each day. (Do not take more)Use acupressure to relieve nausea. (Find the spot 3 fingers above the wrist between the 2 tendons on the inside of the women’s arm. Press this spot moving your finger in circles.)Drink a cup of ginger, mint, or cinnamon tea 2 or 3 times a day, before meals.It is okay not to eat the food that she might suddenly dislike during pregnancy.2. a.) Why does heartburn occur in pregnancy and Heartburn occurs, because the baby is growing and crowds the mother’s stomach and pushes it higher than usual. This pushes the acid in the mother’s stomach into the oesophagus, where it causes a burning feeling.b.) what are some suggestions for comfort?Keep the stomach less full. Eat smaller meals more often. Drink liquids separately.Avoid eating spicy or greasy foods, as well as drinking coffee or smoking cigarettes.Eat papaya or pineapple regularly. Both have enzymes that help digest food.Keep the head higher than her stomach when lying down or sleeping. (keeps the acids in the stomach)Drinking milk or a low salt anti-acid that doesn’t contain aspirin helps calming the acids.3. Many women feel extremely sleepy during pregnancy. When is this sleepiness most common??It is most common during the first three months, due to the adaptions that are happening in the body.4. How can a pregnant woman prevent constipation??Eat more vegetables, eat whole grains, drink at least 8 cups of clean water a day, walk, move, exercise every day.Do not take medicines, some can harm the baby, some can start labor.5. What is the purpose of normal discharge?Discharge is wetness from the vagina. The body uses discharge to clean itself.Discharge often increases near the end of pregnancy, and it may be clear, or yellowish and is normal.6. Why do some women have shortness of breathe during pregnancy?Many women cannot breath as deeply as normal because the baby crowds the mother’s lungs and she has less room to breath.But if she is short of breath all the time she needs to be checked for signs of sickness, anemia, heart problems or poor diet.7. If a woman has a sudden or sharp pain on the lower side of her belly, what is it most likely?These pains can be caused by sudden movements in the ligaments, that hold the belly in place on each side. These ligaments are like ropes that attach the womb to the mother’s bones. 8. When is a headache a warning sign?It is a warning sign in late pregnancy for pre-eclampsia, especially if there is also high blood pressure, or swelling of the face or hands.Read Chapter 7?Answer the following questions1. List the 6 signs a woman is PROBABLY pregnant.The woman has nausea and wants to vomit.The woman feels tired and sleepy during the day.The woman needs to urinate often.The woman’s belly grows.The woman’s breasts get bigger.The woman feels light baby movements inside.?2. List 3 SURE signs a woman is pregnant.The woman feels strong baby movements.The baby can be felt inside the womb.The baby’s heartbeat can be heard.A medical pregnancy test says the woman is pregnant.3. If a woman has regular cycles what can you use to determine her estimated due date?You can use a calendar or the moon.First you must ask her three questions, to find out if she has her period regularly meaning every four weeks. Her pregnancy will start two weeks, after the first day of her last monthly bleeding. So add 9 months and 7 days to the day that her last monthly bleeding began. (You can also subtract 3 months and then add 7 days to get the same date)4. Why is it important to know the age of a pregnant woman??Older women and very young women tend to have more problems in pregnancy that is why it is important to the age of the woman.Girls under 17’s pelvis might not have finished growing, also problems like pre-eclampsia, long labors, and babies born too early occur more often.Younger girls might need extra advice and support.5. Why is it important to know whether or not a woman has had an abortion?It is important to know because if a woman was sick, injured, bled heavily after any kind of abortion she might have scars in her womb, which could cause problems in this pregnancy or at birth.Other spontaneous abortions can be prevented, that is also why it is important to know if a mother had one to help prevent another one to happen.6. List at least five questions you would want to ask a woman about her previous pregnancies.Was she tired or weak (anemic)?Did she have high blood pressure?Did she have pre-eclampsia?Did she have convulsions?Did she have diabetes?Did she have a very long labor or a long pushing stage?Did she have an early birth?Did she have any problems with the placenta?Was she very sad or depressed after birth?7. Why is malaria dangerous in pregnancy?Malaria is most dangerous to pregnant woman than most other people.Pregnant women with malaria are more likely to have anemia, miscarriage, early birth, small baby, stillbirth, or die.8. What are some problems an HIV infected mother can have in pregnancy?Women who are infected with HIV can have more problems in their pregnancies.Some common problems are:Miscarriage, fevers and infections, yeast infections (of the vagina, mouth, or stomach), sexually transmitted infections, problems after birth, such as bleeding and infections.Read Chapter 81. How do you start a prenatal visit?Start the check-up by talking, ask the mother how she has been feeling, how the pregnancy is going, find out if she has complaints or questions.2. What are the most important warning signs in pregnancy??1. bleeding from the vagina2.severe pain in the belly3. high fever4. high blood pressureMother looks, sounds or feels unhealthy or happy.Mother has severe vomiting, unable to keep even water in her stomach.Mother can only urinate a little bit, stops urinating, urine is very dark.Mother gains less than 1kg in a months after the first 3months.Mother feels weak and tired all the time, especially after the 4th months.Bleeding as much as the menstrual period at any time during pregnancy.Bleeding with pain, during pregnancyBleeding with no pain in the second half of pregnancy (placenta previa)Cramps or belly pains in the first 3 months that get stronger or come regularly. (miscarriage?)Pain in the leg (blood cloth?)Belly pain with fever, can be a sign of womb infection.Constant belly pain in late pregnancy may mean the placenta is coming off the womb wall.Strong, constant belly or side pain in the first 3 months. (tubal pregnancy?)A lot of shortness of breath.Sings of diabetes like (she had diabetes in the past, overweight, thirsty all the time, frequent yeast infections, slow wound healing, urinates more than other pregnant women, the womb is bigger than her gestations age)Signs of anemia (pale inside eyelids, fingernails, gums, dizziness, or fainting, weakness or tiredness, fast pulses, difficulty breathing)Signs of poor nutrition (not wanting to eat, not gaining weight, weakness and general ill health, sores, rashes, other skin problems, sore or bleeding gums, stomach problems or diarrhea, burning or numbness of the feet)Mothers weight: very thing moms or the ones that gain less than 9kgs during pregnancy, mother gains more than 19kg, gains more than 500g per week)Fever (Temp 38Celcius) 110.4 FFast heart rate (over 100beats per minute)High blood pressure systolic over 140 diastolic over 90.Low blood pressure is usually only cause by bleeding. (hypovolaemic)Signs of pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure, protein in the urine, strong headaches, blurred vision, sever pain, overactive reflexes, swelling of hand and face, sudden weight gain)Signs of kidney infection(cloudy or bloody urine, pain in the lower back, fever, feeling very sick or weak)Womb: if the size of the womb does not match the due date the first time you check or if the womb grows more than fingers with every month.Breech baby: feet or bottom down at the time of birthThe baby is sideways at the time of birthThe mother has twins.Baby’s heartbeat that is slower than 120 or faster than 160 per minute.A baby whose heart is slower than 100 or faster than 180 needs medical help.3. List 3 observations you will make during a prenatal visit.?One observation will be if she has any sings of diabetes.Another one will be if she has signs of anemia, and if she has signs of a bladder or kidney infection.4. If a woman has bleeding with cramps within the first 6 months of pregnancy, what might it be??This can indicate a miscarriage.5. Bleeding with no pain, especially in late second or in third trimester, could be_placenta_ previa__ Explain why the bleeding occurs??The bleeding occurs because the placenta is covering or partially covering the cervix instead of being near the top of the womb. The cervix will start to open during the end of pregnancy and the womb side of the placenta is not protected. The mother’s blood flows through the placenta and out the vagina.6. Constant pain in the belly within the first 3 months of pregnancy could indicate a starting miscarriage.?7. List the warning signs for anemia.Signs of anemia (pale inside eyelids, fingernails, gums, dizziness, or fainting, weakness or tiredness, fast pulses, difficulty breathing)8. Why does iron deficiency anemia occur?It is usually caused by the lack of intake of iron through nutrtion, but it can also be caused by illness, or genetically9. How many beats per minute should a resting pulse be? __60__ – __80___.?10. A normal BP is _90__ /__60____ – __140_ /___90_.?11. High blood pressure is considered to be _160__ /_100_.? 12. What are 2 SURE signs of pre-eclampsia??high blood pressure, protein in the urineSigns of pre-eclampsia ( strong headaches, blurred vision, sever pain, overactive reflexes, swelling of hand and face, sudden weight gain)13. List 4 warning signs of a urinary tract or bladder infection.?Sings of bladder and kidney infection (constant feeling to urinate, pain or burning while urinating, pain in the lower belly, protein in the urine)14. When measuring the womb at 5 months (or 20 weeks) where should the top of her womb/fundus be?Right at the mother’s belly button.15. The fetal heart tones (FHT) should be between _120__-_160__bpm. ................
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