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Name:Period:AP Psychology – Guided ReadingUnit 10 – PersonalitySECTION 1 – THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE Exploring the UnconsciousAccording to Sigmund Freud, what is:Free association –Psychoanalysis –Unconscious – For Freud the determinist, nothing was ________________________.Freud believed that personality resulted from the conflict between _______________ and_________________.Describe the three interacting dynamics as seen by Freud to understand the mind’s dynamics:id –ego –superego – What are Freud’s psychosexual stages? (know the chart of page 482)What is an Oedipus complex?What is identification? What is fixation?What are defense mechanisms? Describe each.repression – regression – reaction formation –projection – rationalization – displacement –sublimation – denial – The Neo-Freudians and Psychodynamic TheoristsWho are neo-Freudians?In what two ways did neo-Freudians veer away from Freud?How did Alfred Adler see childhood? How did Karen Horney see childhood?What did Carl Jung believe about a collective unconscious?Those that follow the psychodynamic theory assume: Assessing Unconscious ProcessesWhat is the first requirement for Freudian clinicians using a personality assessment tool?What is a projective test?What is a Thematic Apperception Test?What is the Rorschach inkblot test?What are the views of various clinicians on the value of the Rorschach test? Evaluating the Psychoanalytic PerspectiveWhat are a couple of criticisms of Freud’s theories? Why? Describe what is meant that Freud was right about at least one thing.SECTION 2 – THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVEWhat do humanistic psychologists focus on?Abraham Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs (Unit 8A). Describe how he developed his ideas.According to Carl Rogers, people nurture their growth by being genuine, accepting, and empathic. Explain what this means.What is unconditional positive regard?What is self-concept?What are 3 criticisms of the humanistic perspective?SECTION 3 – THE TRAIT PERSPECTIVEWhat are traits?Gordon Allport was less concerned with __________________ explaining individual traits than with ____________________ them.What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? Exploring TraitsWhat is factor analysis?What is the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire?Studies indicate that extraverts seek stimulation because: Assessing TraitsWhat are personality inventories?What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory?Define empirically derived – The Big Five FactorsWhat are the Big Five personality factors?a.b.c.d.e.How stable are these traits? Evaluating the Trait PerspectiveWhat is the person-situation controversy? Be sure to read through this section and understand the author’s discussion. I will leave some extra room for your own notes.SECTION 4 – THE SOCIAL-COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVEWhat is the social-cognitive perspective? Reciprocal InfluencesWhat is reciprocal determinism?List the three ways that individuals and environment interact.a.b.c. Personal ControlWhat is personal control?What is the difference between an external locus of control and an internal locus of control?Self-control predicts:In the long run, self control requires:In the sub-section of “benefits of personal control”, what is the verdict of the studies discussed?One measure of how helpless or effective you feel is where you stand on:How can excessive optimism blind us to real risks?What does it mean people often are most over-confident when most incompetent?To predict behavior, social psychologists often observe behavior in:What is a criticism of the social-cognitive perspective?SECTION 5 – EXPLORING THE SELFWhat is the self?What is meant by possible selves?What is the spotlight effect? The Benefits of Self-EsteemWhat is self-esteem?Is high self-esteem really “the armor that protects kids” from life’s problems? Explain.Experiments do reveal an effect of: Self-Serving BiasDefine self-serving bias –Describe the two main findings on self-serving bias: Culture and the SelfWhat is the difference between individualism and collectivism? ................
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