Tides



Name: ______________________________________Date: ________________________Student Exploration: TidesVocabulary: gravity, high tide, low tide, neap tide, spring tide, tidal bulge, tides4914900762000Gizmo Warm-upThe Tides Gizmo shows the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. (None of the distances are to scale.) An observer stands on Earth.47434491397000Set the Speed to Slow. Select the BAR CHART and press Play . What do you notice?____________________________________________________________________________________The changing depth of water is due to tides. Click Pause () when the water is at its highest level. This is called high tide. What is the height of water during high tide? _______________________________________________Click Play, and then Pause when the water is at its lowest level, called low tide. What is the height of water during low tide? ________________________________________________Click Reset (). Click Play, and then click Pause after one day. Select the GRAPH tab. Activity A: The Moon and tidesGet the Gizmo ready: Click Reset.Select the BAR CHART tab.-685806713How many high tides are there in a day? _______________ Low tides? _______________Question: What causes high and low tides?Observe: Click Play and watch the tides for a while on the BAR CHART and SIMULATION panes. Notice the oblong bands of water around Earth. These are tidal bulges. How many tidal bulges are there? ________________________________________What kind of tide does the observer experience as he passes through a tidal bulge?___________________________________________________________________What kind of tide does the observer experience when he is between tidal bulges?___________________________________________________________________Form hypothesis: What do you think causes the tidal bulges to form? ___________________________________________________________________________________________Observe: Set the Speed to Fast and click Play. What do you notice about the tidal bulges and the position of the Moon? ______________________________________________________________Draw conclusions: How does the Moon influence the tides? __________________________________________________________________________________________________Extend your thinking: The Moon’s gravity pulls on Earth. How does the Moon’s gravity affect the oceans nearest to the Moon? _____________________________________________________________________________________What happens on the side of Earth opposite the Moon? ________________________________________________________________________________________________Activity B: The Sun and tidesGet the Gizmo ready: Click Reset.Select the GRAPH tab.-68580-6350Question: How does the Sun influence tides?Observe: Set the Speed to Fast and click Play. Observe the shape of the tidal bands over time. After 15 days or so, click Pause. How do the tidal bands change over time? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Analyze: On the GRAPH tab, click the “–” button twice to zoom out. What do you notice? __________________________________________________When the high tide is very high, and the low tide is very low, it is a spring tide. On which days did the observer experience a spring tide? ________________________When there is a smaller difference between high and low tide, it is a neap tide. On which day did the observer experience a neap tide? __________________________Sketch: As the Moon orbits Earth, there are two periods of spring tides and two periods of neap tides. Sketch the positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun for each spring and neap tide.Spring tideNeap tideSpring tideNeap tideAnalyze: List the type of tide (spring or neap) that occurs in each situation:The gravity of the Sun and Moon pull Earth’s surface in the same direction: _______The gravity of the Sun and Moon pull Earth’s surface in opposite directions: _______The gravity of the Sun and Moon pull Earth’s surface at right angles: _______Draw conclusions: How does the Sun’s gravity influence tides? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Extend your thinking: Think about how the Moon would look for the observer on Earth. What kind of tides (spring or neap) would you expect during a full Moon? _________What kind of tides would you expect during a new Moon? _____________________What kind of tides would you expect during a half Moon? ______________________Name: ______________________________________Date: ________________________Student Exploration: EclipseVocabulary: corona, eclipse, lunar eclipse, penumbra, solar eclipse, umbraGizmo Warm-up42957757175500In the Eclipse Gizmo, make sure all shadows are off. Click Play () or Fast forward () and watch the Moon’s orbit.How does the view of the Sun from Earth (lower right corner of the Gizmo) change? Click Pause () and describe it.________________________________________________________________________________________________An eclipse is the blocking or darkening of a celestial body (such as the Sun or the Moon). When part or all of the Sun disappears from view, it is called a solar eclipse.Click Play or Fast forward and watch the Moon from Earth. How does this view change?_________________________________________________________________________ When the Moon is darkened, it is a lunar eclipse.Activity A:Solar eclipsesGet the Gizmo Ready:Click Reset ().-68580-6350Question: What causes a solar eclipse?Observe: Experiment with Gizmo to decide why a solar eclipse occurs. (You can click Play or Fast forward, or simply drag the Moon around its orbit while the Gizmo is paused.)Form hypothesis: What do you think causes a solar eclipse?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Run Gizmo: Turn on the Moon shadow. Click Play or drag the Moon until a solar eclipse occurs. How are the Earth, Moon, and Sun arranged at this time? Sketch them below.Solar eclipse(Show Earth, Moon, and Sun in your sketch.)Draw conclusions: During a solar eclipse, what is causing the Earth’s view of the Sun to be darkened?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________452437538735Corona00CoronaAnalyze: The faint outer atmosphere of the Sun, called the corona, is visible in the view on the right. Manipulate Gizmo until you see this. What is needed for this to happen?____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________Activity B: Lunar EclipsesGet the Gizmo Ready: Click Reset.Turn off the Moon shadow, but keep the Earth shadow on.-61085-6350Question: What causes a lunar eclipse?Form hypothesis: What do you think causes a lunar eclipse? (Use your knowledge of solar eclipses and feel free to run the Gizmo to help you.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Run Gizmo: Click Play or drag the Moon until you see a lunar eclipse. Sketch and label the Earth, Moon, and Sun at this time.Lunar eclipse(Show Earth, Moon, and Sun in your sketch.)Draw conclusions: What causes the Moon to be darkened in a lunar eclipse? _____________________________________________________________________________________Analyze: Shadows have two parts. The dark inner part is called the umbra. The areas of partial darkness on the edges are called the penumbra. Because of this, there are three different types of lunar eclipses. Explore them in the Gizmo, and sketch them below.DescriptionMoon fully in penumbraMoon in both umbra and penumbraMoon fully in umbraNamePenumbral eclipsePartial lunar eclipseTotal lunar eclipseSketch of Moon(describe colors)Color: Colors: Color: ................
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